scholarly journals Report of a novel biological association for Paracrias huberi Gumovsky (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with redescription of the female and description of the unknown male

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1008 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
M. A. METZ ◽  
M. W. GATES ◽  
M. E. SCHAUFF
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Biological Association ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
Unknown Male

The female of Paracrias huberi Gumovsky (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is redescribed and the previously unknown male described from material collected by George B. Vogt near Plummers Island, Maryland. The species is diagnosed and placed within the current phylogenetic concept for the genus Paracrias. Collection records indicate this species was reared from Homoeolabus analis Illiger (Coleoptera: Attelabidae), which is a leaf-rolling herbivore of Quercus spp. and Castanea spp. (Fagales: Fagaceae), thus expanding the potential host guild range of the genus Paracrias and the known biology of the species. In addition, these records report an association with Q. prinus L., a species native to the eastern United States. The implications of these discoveries in relation to the biology of the plant, host, and wasp parasite are reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals Physical and mechanical properties of clear wood from red oak and white oak

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 4960-4971
Author(s):  
Marly G. Carmona Uzcategui ◽  
R. Daniel Seale ◽  
Frederico José Nistal França
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Clear Wood ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
Eastern Half

Red oak and white oak are common names of species that grow in the eastern United States with great economic importance. This study aimed to evaluate the visual, physical, and mechanical properties of small clear wood specimens of red oak (Quercus spp.) and white oak (Quercus spp.). The experiments were carried out on defect-free specimens extracted from boards supplied by the Stairbuilders Manufacturers Association (SMA) members. The material was obtained from sawmills located in the eastern half of the United States. A total of 181 boards (90 boards of red oak and 91 boards of white oak) were submitted for tests. Compression strength was found to be higher than the values published in past studies. Red oak exhibited higher MOE and MOR values compared to white oak. The mechanical properties for red oak and white oak have not changed substantially because the average values remain in a range that is very close to the values published in the past 100 years. Thus, the values from the Wood Handbook can still be used for engineering purposes.

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