Masking Level Difference: avaliação da confiabilidade teste-reteste em estudantes universitárias normo-ouvintes

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a confiabilidade teste-reteste do Masking Level Difference em estudantes universitárias normo-ouvintes. Método Estudo prospectivo descritivo com 78 adultos jovens do gênero feminino sem queixas auditivas, submetidas à versão, em compact disc, do Masking Level Difference da Auditec of Saint Louis. O Masking Level Difference foi determinado por meio da diferença entre as relações sinal-ruído nos limiares auditivos encontrados nas condições antifásica e homofásica. O teste foi aplicado pelo mesmo examinador em dois momentos (teste e reteste) com intervalo de sete a 14 dias entre eles. A análise estatística inferencial incluiu comparação das situações teste e reteste por meio do teste t de Student para amostras pareadas, cálculo do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e dos intervalos de confiança de 95% para as relações sinal/ruído nos limiares auditivos nas condições antifásica e homofásica e para o cálculo do Masking Level Difference. Resultados A média da relação sinal-ruído no limiar auditivo na condição homofásica foi -12,59 dB e -12,46 dB nas situações teste e reteste, respectivamente, e -21,54 dB e -21,08 dB na condição antifásica. A média do Masking Level Difference foi 8,95 dB no teste e 8,74 dB no reteste. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse obtidos foram 0,436, 0,625 e 0,577 para as condições homofásica, antifásica e Masking Level Difference, respectivamente. Conclusão O teste Masking Level Difference mostrou grau moderado de confiabilidade teste-reteste em estudantes universitárias normo-ouvintes.

Recalibration of the Local Magnitude (ML) Scale for Earthquakes in the Yellowstone Volcanic Region

ABSTRACT The Yellowstone volcanic region is one of the most seismically active areas in the western United States. Assigning magnitudes (M) to Yellowstone earthquakes is a critical component of monitoring this geologically dynamic zone. The University of Utah Seismograph Stations (UUSS) has assigned M to 46,767 earthquakes in Yellowstone that occurred between 1 January 1984 and 31 December 2020. Here, we recalibrate the local magnitude (ML) distance and station corrections for the Yellowstone volcanic region. This revision takes advantage of the large catalog of earthquakes and an increase in broadband stations installed by the UUSS since the last ML update in 2007. Using a nonparametric method, we invert 7728 high-quality, analyst-reviewed amplitude measurements from 1383 spatially distributed earthquakes for 39 distance corrections and 20 station corrections. The inversion is constrained with four moment magnitude (Mw) values determined from time-domain inversion of regional-distance broadband waveforms by the UUSS. Overall, the new distance corrections indicate relatively high attenuation of amplitudes with distance. The distance corrections decrease with hypocentral distance from 3 km to a local minimum at 80 km, rise to a broad peak at 110 km, and then decrease again out to 180 km. The broad peak may result from superposition of direct arrivals with near-critical Moho reflections. Our ML inversion doubles the number of stations with ML corrections in and near the Yellowstone volcanic region. We estimate that the additional station corrections will nearly triple the number of Yellowstone earthquakes that can be assigned an ML. The new ML distance and station corrections will also reduce uncertainties in the mean MLs for Yellowstone earthquakes. The new MLs are ∼0.07 (±0.18) magnitude units smaller than the previous MLs and have better agreement with 12 Mws (3.15–4.49) determined by the UUSS and Saint Louis University.

Body Size Variation in a Social Sweat Bee, Halictus ligatus (Halictidae, Apoidea), across Urban Environments

High morphological variation is often associated with species longevity, and it is hypothesized that urban-dwelling species may require more plasticity in functional traits such as body size in order to maximize fitness in heterogeneous environments. There has been published research regarding the functional trait diversity of urban bee pollinators. However, no two cities are identical, so the implementation of multi-city studies is vital. Therefore, we compared body size variation in female Halicus ligatus sweat bees from May–October 2016 from three distinct Midwestern United States cities: Chicago, Detroit, and Saint Louis. Additionally, to elucidate potentially influential environmental factors, we assessed the relationship between temperature and measured body size. We collected bees in community gardens and urban farms and measured their head width and intertegular distance as a proxy for overall body size. We utilized an ANCOVA to determine whether body size variation differed significantly across the three surveyed cities. Results indicated that H. ligatus females in Chicago, Detroit, and Saint Louis had significantly different body size ranges. These findings highlight the importance of intraspecific body size variation and support our prediction that bees from different urban environments will have distinct ranges in body size due to local ecological factors affecting their populations. Additionally, we found a significant influence of temperature, though this is probably not the only important ecological characteristic impacting bee body size. Therefore, we also provided a list of predictions for the future study of specific variables that are likely to impact functional trait diversity in urban bees.

Saint Louis University GWEP Pivots to Virtual Service Delivery: Lessons Learned

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Saint Louis University GWEP quickly pivoted service initiatives to online formats. Despite challenges of technology literacy and access, GWEP faculty, staff, and students creatively adapted in-person programming to online delivery and developed new virtually-delivered services. These service delivery adaptations provided opportunities for educating students, residents, faculty, community partners, and older adults and their caregivers to gain new knowledge and skills while continuing to participate in programming. This presentation will highlight innovations in the area of services to persons with dementia through Cognitive Stimulation Therapy, caregivers through education and support programs, older adults experiencing loneliness and social isolation through Circle of Friends, and older adults and caregivers through a virtual geriatric assessment clinic. We share highlights here of our efforts to pivot programming, access new funding streams, and, in some cases, create online delivery, including valuable lessons learned.

Exploitation de l’espece Anadara Senilis (Arches) dans le Parc National de la Langue de Barbarie (PNLB), Gandiol (Senegal)

Dans l’espace du Gandiol, les activités économiques traditionnelles étaient la pêche et l’agriculture avec lesquelles la population a une longue tradition. En 2003, les fortes pluies enregistrées dans le Haut bassin du fleuve Sénégal expliquent l’augmentation massive du débit du fleuve consécutivement à l’addition des ondes de crue. Pour empêcher des inondations dans la ville de Saint-Louis, une brèche a été ouverte. Cependant, cette brèche a eu des effets négatifs sur l’agriculture et beaucoup d’espèces de poissons. Elle a, aussi, entrainé des modifications écologiques se manifestant par l’apparition de certaines espèces aquatiques : Anadara Senilis, Carasostrea Gasar. Dès lors, l’étude de l’exploitation de l’espèce Anadara senilis dans le parc national de la langue de Barbarie (commune de Ndiebène Gandiol) fait l’objet de cette contribution. La méthodologie adoptée intègre les enquêtes de terrain sous forme de questionnaires et de guides d’entretien et le traitement des données quantitatives et qualitatives. Les résultats montrent que la collecte des coquillages est progressivement devenue la principale activité des femmes. Cette activité est pratiquée dans un but essentiellement lucratif et a eu des impacts considérables tant au niveau socioéconomique qu’environnemental. C’est pourquoi, l’encadrement des exploitants est souhaitable pour une gestion durable de cette ressource renouvelable. In the Gandiol area, the traditional economic activities were fishing and agriculture, with which the population has a long tradition. In 2003, the heavy rains recorded in the upper Senegal River basin explain the massive increase in the river's flow following the addition of flood waves. To prevent flooding in the city of Saint-Louis, a breach was opened. However, this breach had negative effects on agriculture and many fish species. It has also caused ecological changes manifested by the appearance of certain aquatic species: Anadara Senilis, Carasostrea Gasar. Therefore, the study of the exploitation of the species Anadara senilis in the National Park of the Langue de Barbarie (municipality of Ndiebène Gandiol) is the subject of this contribution. The methodology adopted integrates field surveys in the form of questionnaires and interview guides and the processing of quantitative and qualitative data. The results show that shellfish collection has gradually become the main activity of women. This activity is practiced essentially for profit and has had considerable impacts at both the socio-economic and environmental levels. This is why the supervision of the operators is desirable for a sustainable management of this renewable resource.