Comparison of mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages and morphospecies of two avian malaria parasites of the subgenera Haemamoeba and Giovannolaia (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1626 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
VAIDAS PALINAUSKAS ◽  
VLAD KOSAREV ◽  
ANATOLY SHAPOVAL ◽  
STAFFAN BENSCH ◽  
GEDIMINAS VALKINAS
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

PCR-based methods have been increasingly used in diagnosis of parasitic diseases. Over 40 morphospecies of avian malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium have been described. However, only nine of them have been identified on the level of their mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene lineages, which are frequently used in molecular biology studies of avian blood haemosporidian parasites. In this study, we linked two common mitochondrial cyt b lineages P-SGS1 and P-TURDUS1 with their morphospecies. Light infections with two species of malaria parasites of the subgenera Haemamoeba and Giovannolaia were isolated from naturally infected adult Hawfinches, Coccothraustes coccothraustes Linnaeus, on the Curonian Spit in the Baltic Sea. These parasites were inoculated to naive juveniles of the Common Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, and House Sparrow, Passer domesticus Linnaeus. Heavy parasitemia of Plasmodium (Haemamoeba) relictum Grassi & Feletti, 1891 (lineage P-SGS1) and Plasmodium (Giovannolaia) circumflexum Kikuth, 1931 (P-TURDUS1) developed in the subinoculated Common Crossbills and House Sparrows, respectively, which enabled the detailed illustration of all main blood stages of these parasites and the deposition of their voucher specimens. The parasites of both lineages are actively transmitted in Europe and inhabit a broad range of avian hosts. Lineages closely related to P. relictum and P. circumflexum were identified. This study contributes to establishing of combined PCR-based and morphological identification of avian malaria parasites.

Linkage between mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages and morphospecies of two avian malaria parasites, with a description of Plasmodium (Novyella) ashfordi sp. nov

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gediminas Valkiūnas ◽  
Pavel Zehtindjiev ◽  
Olof Hellgren ◽  
Mihaela Ilieva ◽  
Tatjana A. Iezhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

scholarly journals Kajian Penanda Genetik Gen Sitokrom b DNA Mitokondria Ikan Lais dari Sungai Kampar Riau

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Roza Elvyra ◽  
Dedy Duryadi Solihin
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Phylogenetic Marker ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Cyt B Gene

The mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt-b) gene as a phylogenetic marker of lais fish Kryptopterus schilbeides from Kampar River in Riau has been studied. This is a prelimininary research on the utility of cyt-b gene as a molecular marker to obtain species diversity and phylogenetic relationship among Kryptopterus fishes from Kampar River. The primers of L14841 and H15149 were used to amplify the cyt-b gene. The results showed that K. schilbeides has isoleusine at site-81 and metionine at site-114; K. schilbeides from Kampar River and K. schilbeides from GenBank form a phylogeny cluster at 45% value.

scholarly journals Partial sequence analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome B gene of Labeo calbasu of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
RA Begum ◽  
MT Alam ◽  
H Jahan ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Cytochrome B Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Cyt B Gene

Labeo calbasu (Family Cyprinidae) was studied at DNA level to know genetic diversity within and between species. The mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt-b) gene of L. calbasu was sequenced and compared to the corresponding sequences of other Labeo species. DNA was isolated from the tissue sample of L. calbasu using phenol: chloroform extraction method. Forward and reverse primers were designed to amplify the target region of cytochrome b gene. A standard PCR protocol was used for the amplification of the desired region. Then, the forward and reverse sequences obtained were aligned and edited to finalize a length of 510 nucleotides which was submitted to NCBI genbank database. Nucleotide BLAST of this sequence at NCBI resulted 100% sequence similarity with L. calbasu sequence of the same region of cyt-b gene. Multiple sequence alignment of the sequence with seven more Labeo species sequences revealed 120 polymorphic sites, which have been mark of diversity among the species and might be used in molecular identification of the Labeo species. A constructed phylogenetic tree has shown relationship among the Labeo species. This research demonstrated the usefulness of mitochondrial DNA-based approach in species identification. Further, the data will provide appropriate background for studying genetic diversity within-species of the Labeo species in general and of L. calbasu in particular. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(1): 25-30

scholarly journals Molecular detection of cattle and buffalo species meat origin using mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Sirazum Munira ◽  
Fatema Tuz Jahura ◽  
Md Munir Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Shamsul Alam Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Dna Yield ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cyt B Gene

The study was conducted to adopt PCR based technique for identification of species origin from meat samples of cattle and buffalo using mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene fragment. A total of 42 ear tissue and meat samples were collected from different slaughterhouses and farms of Mymensingh, Bogra and Rangpur districts and stored in 96% ethanol at room temperature. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples using GeNet Bio genomic DNA isolation kit. The average DNA yield of considered samples was found 204.57 ng/?l where the purity ranged from 1.82–1.99. Two (2) pair species-specific primers were used to amplify Cyt b gene fragments of 472 bp and 124 bp for cattle and buffalo, respectively. The PCR results revealed different species specific amplified fragments which could discriminate between cattle (472 bp) and buffalo (124 bp) species precisely from pure and mixed samples of those species. This study suggests an accurate molecular technique for identification of cattle and buffalo species meat origin and differentiates species present in adulterated meat samples. In conclusion, this DNA based technique could be utilized for prevention of malpractice in slaughterhouse and chain shops and thereby to protect consumer’s right.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 177-182

Species limits in avian malaria parasites (Haemosporida): how to move forward in the molecular era

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 1223-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANA C. OUTLAW ◽  
ROBERT E. RICKLEFS
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasite ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

SUMMARYDelimiting species of malaria parasites (Haemosporida) has become increasingly problematic as new lineages of parasites are identified solely by molecular information, particularly mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data. In this review, we highlight some of the issues, both historical and contemporary, that have hindered the development of objective criteria to diagnose, delimit and define species of haemosporidians. Defining species is not the focal interest of most researchers, most of whom merely wish to determine whether lineages identified in their samples match those of other researchers, and if so, where and in which host species. Rather than revisiting all the issues with respect to delimiting and naming species, we instead focus on finding a practical near-term resolution to the ‘species problem’ that utilizes the community's largest resource: mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences. We recommend a standardized procedure to ‘tag’ these sequences, based on per cent sequence similarity, that will allow researchers to directly assess the novelty, known hosts and geographic distribution of avian malaria parasite lineages.

scholarly journals Wild Boar-Specific PCR Assay and Sequence Analysis Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome-B Gene for Halal Authentication Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Ganea Qorry Aina ◽  
Abdul Rohman ◽  
Yuny Erwanto
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Amplicon Size ◽  
Halal Authentication

Wild boar meat (WBM) is non-halal meat widely abused in Indonesia. The most common case is mixing beef with WBM either in raw or processed foods. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a detection method of WBM contamination. The objective of this study was to employ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis using species specific primer (SSP) targeting on wild boar mitochondrial cytochrome-b (CYTBWB2-wb) gene for the identification of WBM in a meatball. The specificity of primer was tested, and the amplicon size was confirmed with conventional PCR and agarose electrophoresis. The base sequences were analyzed using GeneStudio software and subjected to BLAST using NCBI. CYTBWB2-wb primer was also used to test the reference meatballs made from beef and WBM using real-time PCR. The result showed that CYTBWB2-wb amplified wild boar Cyt-B mt-DNA gene specifically. The amplicon size was 194 base pair (bp) with a similarity of 93–98% toward gen Cyt-B mt-DNA of several wild boar types. The primer is able to detect WBM on the reference meatballs up to 0.1% wt/wt with efficiency value of 108.0% and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.970. The CYTBWB2-wb primer proved to be specific and could be used as a standard method to identify the presence of WBM contamination in meatball products for halal authentication studies.

Phylogenetic Affi nities of the Globodera pallida Inferred From the mtDNA cyt-b Gene Polymorphism

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
L. Pylypenko ◽  
V. Blok ◽  
M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Cytochrome B Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B Gene

The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene marker was used to investigate the genetic variability of G. pallida populations of different origins and selection on three sources of resistance. Aim. To sequence the mitochon- drial gene cyt-b and to clarify its application as a genetic marker for intraspecifi c genetic diversity study, phylogenetic analysis and nematode virulence assessment. Methods. The cysts of nematodes were used as a source for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using the specifi c primers of INRAcytbL and INRAcytbR, followed by the amplifi ed product sequencing. The nucleotide sequences were processed and aligned using software PhredPhrap, CONSED and Clustal W. MEGA-4, DNADIST software package; while PHYLIP and Arlequin were used for statistical analysis. Phylogenetic trees construction and visualization were performed using the software package PHYLIP and TREEVIEW. Results. The phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences has showed that the Ukrainian populations of G. pallida were almost identical to other populations from the Europe. Limited genetic variability was observed between G. pallida populations distributed in the Europe and Ukraine, accounting for 82.3 per cent (P < 0.05) of the genetic variability inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene polymorphisms within the populations studied. G. pallida populations selected on three sources of resistance were similar but not identical indicat- ing that changes in mtDNA haploid type frequency had taken place as a result of the selection regime, but the marker used was not yet applicable for virulence monitoring. Conclusions. The obtained data prove the hypothesis that G. pallida populations in Ukraine are the result of the continuing spread of the species within the Europe and not the consequence of additional introduction from the South America.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of goat and sheep meat origin using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
FT Jahura ◽  
S Munira ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
MR Hoque ◽  
MSA Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Indigenous Goat ◽  
Meat Species ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cyt B Gene

The present study was conducted to discriminate between sheep and goat species meat origin utilizing mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene fragment. A total of 46 ear tissue and meat samples were collected from different slaughterhouses and farms of Mymensingh and Rangpur districts. Genomic DNA was extracted using GeNet Bio DNA isolation kit and DNA concentration and purity was quantified by NanoDrop spectrophotometer. Two pairs species specific primer were used to amplify Cyt b gene fragments. Selected primers were highly conserved across the breed within a species and worked well with the species of indigenous goat and sheep resulting similar size of the amplicons 330 and 585 bp respectively. The duplex PCR condition would enable to detect adulteration from goat and sheep mixed samples which revealed by two precise bands (330 and 585 bp) in a single reaction. This study suggests an accurate molecular technique for identification of sheep and goat meat species origin and differentiates species present in adulterate meat samples. In conclusion, this DNA based marker could be used for prevention of fraudulent practice in slaughterhouse and chain shops in Bangladesh.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 41-45

scholarly journals From Africa to Europe: evidence of transmission of a tropical Plasmodium lineage in Spanish populations of house sparrows

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ferraguti ◽  
Josué Martínez-de la Puente ◽  
Luz García-Longoria ◽  
Ramón Soriguer ◽  
Jordi Figuerola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Current Transmission ◽  
Spanish Populations ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Natural Dispersal ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

Abstract Background Avian malaria parasites are a highly diverse group that commonly infect birds and have deleterious effects on their hosts. Some parasite lineages are geographically widespread and infect many host species in many regions. Bird migration, natural dispersal, invasive species and human-mediated introductions into areas where competent insect vectors are present, are probably the main drivers of the current distribution of avian malaria parasites. Methods A total of 412 and 2588 wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus) were captured in 2012 and 2013 in two areas of the Iberian Peninsula (central and southern Spain, respectively). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples; parasite lineages were sequenced and identified by comparing with GenBank and/or MalAvi databases. Results Thirteen Plasmodium lineages were identified in house sparrows corresponding to three major clades. Five individuals were infected by the African Plasmodium lineage PAGRI02, which has been proposed to actively circulate only in Africa. Conclusions Despite the low prevalence of PAGRI02 in sparrows in Spain, our results suggest that the area of transmission of this parasite is more widespread than previously thought and covers both Africa and Europe. Further studies of the global distribution of Plasmodium lineages infecting wild birds are required to identify the current transmission areas of these parasites. This is vital given the current scenario of global change that is providing new opportunities for avian malaria transmission into areas where parasites were previously absent.

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