Chironomidae from Gough, Nightingale and Tristan da Cunha islands

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2915 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLE A. SÆTHER ◽  
TROND ANDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha Islands ◽  
Chironomid Fauna

The resurrection of trans-oceanic dispersal is the most striking aspect of a major shift in historical biogeography toward a more even balance between vicariance and dispersal explanations. Molecular dating of lineage divergences favors oceanic dispersal over tectonic vicariance as an explanation for disjunct distributions in a wide variety of taxa. Although many oceanic islands harbor a disproportionately high biodiversity and number of endemic taxa, the chironomid fauna of the South Atlantic islands of Gough, Nightingale and Tristan da Cunha apparently consists of 6 species only: Telmatogeton goughi sp. n. (described as male and female), Limnophyes minimus (Meigen), Smittia sp. (described as female), Thalassosmittia christinae sp. n. (described as female), Clunio jonesi sp. n. (described as male) and Allocladius lusciniolus Sæther et Andersen (described as female). Except for the marine T. goughi and C. jonesi the other species are parthenogenetic. Limnophyes minimus and A. lusciniolus dominate the chironomid fauna. Telmatogeton goughi is close to T. sanctipauli (Schiner). Thalassosmittia christinae differs from T. thalassophila (Bequaert et Goetghebuer) by having hairy eyes and antenna with subapical seta. Clunio jonesi differs from C. africanus and C. gerlachi by having ultimate flagellomere as long as the 4 preceding segments and gonostylus with only 1–2 apical spines. Allocladius lusciniolus differs from other known females of the genus by having 1–5 setae apically on M 1+2 .

scholarly journals First quantification of subtidal community structure at Tristan da Cunha Islands in the remote South Atlantic: from kelp forests to the deep sea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0195167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Caselle ◽  
Scott L. Hamilton ◽  
Kathryn Davis ◽  
Christopher D. H. Thompson ◽  
Alan Turchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha Islands

scholarly journals Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis Stein, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae).

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Christine Hänel ◽  
Adrian C. Pont
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha Islands

In der Arbeit werden historische und aktuelle Funde von Hausfliegen der Familien Fanniidae und Muscidae auf den Inseln der Tristan da Cunha-Gruppe im Südatlantik zusammengefaßt und diskutiert. Das aktuelle Material wurde 2005 auf den nördlichen Inseln, Tristan da Cunha und Nightingale, gesammelt. Insgesamt sind fünf Arten in vier Gattungen nachgewiesen, einschließlich der Erstnachweise von Fannia albitarsis Stein, 1911 innerhalb des Archipels und von Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1817) auf der Insel Nightingale. Die korrekte taxonomische Einordnung von Coenosia trina Wiedemann, 1830 wird diskutiert. Auf die offensichtlich starke Verbreitung dieser Art und den möglichen negativen Einfluss auf die heimische Fauna wird ebenfalls hingewiesen.StichwörterDiptera, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Housefly, Lesser Housefly, Stable fly, Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale, Gough, Inaccessible, Island, South Atlantic.

scholarly journals Marine hotspots of activity inform protection of a threatened community of pelagic species in a large oceanic jurisdiction in the South Atlantic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Requena-Moreno ◽  
Steffen Oppel ◽  
Alex Bond ◽  
Jonathan Hall ◽  
Jaimie Cleeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
The South ◽  
Animal Tracking ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Marine Areas

Remote oceanic islands harbour unique biodiversity, especially of species that rely on pelagic resources around their breeding islands. Identifying marine areas used by such species is important to reduce or limit threats that may put these species at risk. The Tristan da Cunha group of islands in the South Atlantic Ocean hosts several endemic and globally threatened seabirds and pinnipeds; how they use the waters surrounding the islands must be considered when planning industrial activities in the entire Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). We identified hotspots of activity by collating animal tracking data from nine breeding seabirds and one marine mammal to inform marine management in the Tristan da Cunha EEZ.To detect statistically significant areas of concentrated activity, we calculated the time-spent-in-area that tracked individuals (breeding adults) of 10 focal species (mainly breeding adults of nine seabirds and adult female Subantarctic fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis) invested in a grid of regular 10 × 10 km cells within the EEZ, for each of four seasons to account for temporal variability in space use. Applying a spatial aggregation statistic over these grids by each species we detected areas that are used more than expected by chance. Most of the activity hotspots were either within 100 km of the islands or were associated with seamounts being spatially constant across several seasons. Moreover, some species spend a large proportion of their time-at-sea inside the EEZ during certain breeding stages, rendering the sites we identified critical for their fitness. Our approach provides a simple and effective tool to highlight important areas for pelagic biodiversity that will benefit Tristan da Cunha’s conservation planning and marine management strategies.

scholarly journals The rat problem on oceanic islands—research is needed

Oryx ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
The South ◽  
World Conservation ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Gough Island ◽  
Small Team

In October 1983 a rat was reported to have been seen on Gough Island, an outlier of the Tristan da Cunha Group in the South Atlantic. Gough Island has no permanently resident human inhabitants, but supports one of the largest and most diverse assemblages of breeding seabirds now remaining anywhere in the temperate zones. The author was a member of a small team of biologists that spent three weeks on Gough Island, in October-November 1984, to try to confirm whether there were any rats on the island, and if so to make recommendations for their control and extermination. The following proposals result from experience in carrying out this survey, and from writing World Conservation Strategy proposals for Oceanic Islands for the IUCN.

The fauna of the mid-Atlantic islands

1960 ◽  
Vol 152 (949) ◽  
pp. 550-567 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cinder Cones ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Gough Island ◽  
Central Cone ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Historic Record

Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale, Inaccessible, and Gough Islands are the only Atlantic oceanic islands lying within the southern cold temperate zone. Their relative positions, and the situation of the group as a whole, are shown in figure 49. All of them are volcanic, and probably initially of Tertiary age (Dunne 1941; Le Maitre 1959). There is no historic record of activity but Tristan retains a central cone and well-preserved lateral cinder cones which appear of recent origin. Undated ash bands occur in the peats of this island, and a small, rather broken cone (Edinburgh Peak) on Gough Island may have been the source of an ash band in peat dated by the radiocarbon method as 2345 ± 130 years old (Hafsten, this Discussion). The other two islands show no trace of recent volcanicity. All the members of the group rise steeply from deep water, and there is no sign of previous land links between them

Part II. The terrestrial botany of the Tristan da Cunha Islands

1965 ◽  
Vol 249 (759) ◽  
pp. 273-360 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Macaronesian Islands ◽  
Remote Islands ◽  
St Helena ◽  
Biogeographical Province ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha Islands

The islands of Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible, Nightingale and Gough are alike in their climate and physiography, and also in their plant and animal life. They form a single biogeographical province, and the botany of all four islands will be dealt with here. The biotas of remote islands have long been considered of unusual interest, especially since the classical studies of Darwin in the Galapagos group. To the earlier explorers, their biological productions were matters only of curiosity and some speculation, but since the publication of Darwin’s Origin of species and Alfred Russel Wallace’s Island life , it has been realized that insular biotas present features of outstanding biological, evolutionary and geographic interest. A very great deal of attention has therefore been concentrated upon studies of the plant life of many oceanic islands, especially in Hawaii (Hillebrand, 1888; Campbell 1933; Skottsberg 1940), Islas Juan Fernandez (Skottsberg 1953-56) and other `high’ islands in the Pacific (references in Merrill 1947); in the Macaronesian islands, Bermuda and St Helena (Wallace 1895; Hemsley 1885; and later references in Turrill 1953, 1959) ; and in the scattered islands of the Southern Ocean (references in Wace 1960).

scholarly journals Benthic Assemblage Composition of South Atlantic Seamounts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia E. H. Bridges ◽  
David K. A. Barnes ◽  
James B. Bell ◽  
Rebecca E. Ross ◽  
Kerry L. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Benthic Assemblage ◽  
The South ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha

Seamounts and oceanic islands rise from the seafloor and provide suitable habitat for a diverse range of biological assemblages including Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs). Whilst they have been the focus of some work globally, there has been little description of the biological and physical environments of seamounts in the South Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we characterized benthic assemblage composition from 13 seamounts and oceanic islands spanning 8–40°S within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of Ascension Island, Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha. Drop camera imagery was collected between 170 and 1000 m. All fauna present in images were identified and quantified, and multivariate statistics were used to describe biological assemblages and identify their environmental drivers. Benthic communities of temperate regions (Tristan da Cunha archipelago) were shown to be distinct from those found in the tropics, with latitude and depth identified as key environmental drivers of assemblage composition. Our results are consistent with the current understanding of the biogeography of the South Atlantic, both in terms of the distinction between tropical and temperate regions, and the influence of depth and water mass structure on assemblage distribution. Faunal assemblages are similar to those observed in the North Atlantic in terms of functional groups. VMEs are present within the EEZs of all three territories and are potentially protected from some threats by large marine protected areas (MPAs). Our imagery, data and analyses provide a baseline for south Atlantic seamounts so that future monitoring can establish whether existing protected status is sufficient to conserve both unique biodiversity and considerable potential for vital ecosystem services.

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