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2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 592-592
Author(s):  
Elaine Eliopoulos

Abstract Twenty-three participants ranging in age from 80-102 years living on remote islands in the Pacific Northwest, USA reported the privileges of their current years. The aim of the study was to explore lived bodily experience and its impact on social exclusion. Participants utilized a unique visual methodology by photographing their experiences which highlighted daily life. While acknowledging that their years ‘before’ were different, and that life going forward may present unwelcome challenges, life in the now brought new joys and self-determination, despite various bodily compromises. Their perceptions of their bodies defied the dominant narrative of decline. These important findings warrant further investigation of the ways in which this emerging cohort views the challenges of aging bodies and their ability to remain socially connected. The role the dominant narrative of decline plays in their lives may prove to misdirect supports.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ishida ◽  
◽  
Hirotaka Haga ◽  

Abstract Five years have passed since the liberalization of retail electricity sales in Japan. Consumers are now free to choose their own power company and can make a contract with power companies that better suit their lifestyles. As a result of this liberalization, many electric power companies have come up with their own plans. In this trend, emerging community energy business entities that aim for "local production for local consumption" have recently begun to increase. This paper attempts to identify the strategies and challenges from the experience of stakeholder engagement in community energy initiatives. Stakeholder engagement in this context is a form of community engagement used to develop a viable agenda and implementation plan in line with the interests and needs of key stakeholders and constituencies. It is important to seek strategies to involve more stakeholders in decision-making when building new energy systems within a community, especially for in the development of remote island areas with rapidly declining populations. This paper focuses the case study of Nagasaki Prefecture, which has the largest number of remote island municipalities in Japan. Based on semi-structured interviews and document analysis, this research identifies the scope and engagement strategy of the community energy initiatives, and discuss lessons learned and challenges from the experience of energy stakeholder engagement. In the context of remote islands, a geographically isolated and resource-constrained area, both theoretical and practical issues are presented. This paper also presents options and outreach issues to encourage the broader range of stakeholder participation than just energy projects. Keywords: Community Energy Business Entities, Stakeholder Engagement, Community Engagement, Community Energy, Remote Islands, Nagasaki


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohamed Kinaanath

<p>This study sought to a) discover the specific factors that influence Information and Communications Technology (ICT) use in higher education teaching and learning in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) such as the Maldives; b) determine how ICT can be used within higher education in SIDS; c) develop a framework / model for ICT adoption in higher education in teaching and learning of SIDS; and d) use UNESCO’s continuum model of ICT development and the TOEG framework to ground these factors to produce a practical roadmap.  The Maldives was chosen as a representative case for SIDS in this research. The Maldives consists of 1,192 coral islands with 198 inhabited islands. Due to its small population densities spread over remote islands, distribution of higher education access has been a major impediment in the Maldives, calling for the use of ICT.  This research utilised an interpretive paradigm with qualitative research methods (interviews; focus group discussions; qualitative survey and document reviewing). The case research methodology provided a variety of perspectives; enabled multiple data collection techniques; and examined technology integration within a technology rich environment. The research participants were students, teachers, senior academic managers, education and information technology consultants / experts in the Maldives.  The findings revealed the specific factors that affect the ICT adoption within higher education teaching and learning in the context of the Maldives. An Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) of ICT use in higher education in SIDS was developed using TAM theory, Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory and a TOEG (Technology-Organisational-Environment-Geography) framework.  The technology context examined government support for Information Technology, ICT support for teachers, ICT Infrastructure, underutilisation of ICT resources, perception of benefits from the present ICT infrastructure and ICT policies. The organisational context included finance, centralisation, human resources, top management support, ICT confidence among teachers, and research. The environmental context contained social issues (drugs and overcrowding) and cultural issues (gender disparity, cultural homogeneity among students and teachers and no culture of using ICT in academic learning, and a spoon-feeding pedagogical tradition). Finally the geography context identified issues associated with geography, transportation and the digital divide between remote islands.  These factors impede the adoption of ICT in the higher education sector in SIDS such as the Maldives. A practical roadmap was formulated by utilising the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) continuum model of ICT development and the TOEG framework to recommend four broad stages in terms of adoption and use of ICT in higher education.  This study contributes to existing knowledge by providing a clear understanding of the present role of ICT as well as information on how ICT can be used in higher education in SIDS such as the Maldives. This research is important to gain a wider understanding of the future directions for adoption of ICT within higher education in SIDS. The research will fill critical gaps in the current research, expand the coverage of relatively neglected research areas in SIDS, contribute to practitioners and the academic community, and stimulate further debate.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohamed Kinaanath

<p>This study sought to a) discover the specific factors that influence Information and Communications Technology (ICT) use in higher education teaching and learning in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) such as the Maldives; b) determine how ICT can be used within higher education in SIDS; c) develop a framework / model for ICT adoption in higher education in teaching and learning of SIDS; and d) use UNESCO’s continuum model of ICT development and the TOEG framework to ground these factors to produce a practical roadmap.  The Maldives was chosen as a representative case for SIDS in this research. The Maldives consists of 1,192 coral islands with 198 inhabited islands. Due to its small population densities spread over remote islands, distribution of higher education access has been a major impediment in the Maldives, calling for the use of ICT.  This research utilised an interpretive paradigm with qualitative research methods (interviews; focus group discussions; qualitative survey and document reviewing). The case research methodology provided a variety of perspectives; enabled multiple data collection techniques; and examined technology integration within a technology rich environment. The research participants were students, teachers, senior academic managers, education and information technology consultants / experts in the Maldives.  The findings revealed the specific factors that affect the ICT adoption within higher education teaching and learning in the context of the Maldives. An Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) of ICT use in higher education in SIDS was developed using TAM theory, Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory and a TOEG (Technology-Organisational-Environment-Geography) framework.  The technology context examined government support for Information Technology, ICT support for teachers, ICT Infrastructure, underutilisation of ICT resources, perception of benefits from the present ICT infrastructure and ICT policies. The organisational context included finance, centralisation, human resources, top management support, ICT confidence among teachers, and research. The environmental context contained social issues (drugs and overcrowding) and cultural issues (gender disparity, cultural homogeneity among students and teachers and no culture of using ICT in academic learning, and a spoon-feeding pedagogical tradition). Finally the geography context identified issues associated with geography, transportation and the digital divide between remote islands.  These factors impede the adoption of ICT in the higher education sector in SIDS such as the Maldives. A practical roadmap was formulated by utilising the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) continuum model of ICT development and the TOEG framework to recommend four broad stages in terms of adoption and use of ICT in higher education.  This study contributes to existing knowledge by providing a clear understanding of the present role of ICT as well as information on how ICT can be used in higher education in SIDS such as the Maldives. This research is important to gain a wider understanding of the future directions for adoption of ICT within higher education in SIDS. The research will fill critical gaps in the current research, expand the coverage of relatively neglected research areas in SIDS, contribute to practitioners and the academic community, and stimulate further debate.</p>


Author(s):  
Claire Goodwin ◽  
Judith Brown ◽  
Rachel Downey ◽  
Nhu Trieu ◽  
Paul E. Brewin ◽  
...  

Abstract We surveyed the shallow-water sponges of Ascension Island using scuba diving. In total, we collected 58 sponge specimens from 17 locations at depths of 0.5–30 m. In addition, we compiled historical records of sponges. We describe nine species new to science: Niphates verityae sp. nov., Petrosia (Petrosia) ernesti sp. nov., Monanchora downesae sp. nov., Svenzea weberorum sp. nov., Erylus williamsae sp. nov., Ircinia nolanae sp. nov., Ircinia richardsoni sp. nov., Ircinia simae sp. nov. and Chondrosia browningorum sp. nov. We provide molecular sequences for three of the new species. We have added 50% to the number of known species and added two new genera and one family to the known Ascension Island sponge fauna. Twenty-six species, from 16 genera, and 13 families, are now reported from Ascension's shallow waters. Many of these may be endemic to the island. We discuss the biogeographic affinities of Ascension Island and emphasize the need for additional survey of the sponge fauna of remote islands such as Ascension.


2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
Engki A Kisnarti ◽  
Nining Sari Ningsih ◽  
Mutiara R Putri ◽  
Nani Hendriati ◽  
Carolyn Box

Abstract These microplastics can be found near sources of waste or have spread to waters near remote islands, in fragment, fiber, film, or styrofoam. The 5Gyres Expedition 2018, using KLM Sea Safari VII, sailed along Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, on 21-29 July 2018. One of the objectives of this expedition was to collect data on the abundance of microplastic marine debris (< 5 mm in size) from Labuan waters. Bajo to Lombok, which has not been recorded until now. Seawater samples were taken at the surface at 12 different locations during the expedition. The process of separating microplastics in seawater samples was carried out in the laboratory. Identifying the shape and total concentration of microplastics (microplastic particles per liter) was carried out using a microscope. As a result, microplastics were found in all seawater samples in the form of fibers and fragments. Microplastics in fiber were found in all locations (12 locations), while fragments were only found in 6 areas. In the waters near Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara, microplastic marine debris in fiber was found, as much as ten particles/liter. Meanwhile, 27 particles/liter in fragments were found near Gili Banta Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Currents around the area are thought to have contributed to the spread of microplastics.


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