Dry leaf or twig mantis? A new genus and species of Acanthopidae with sexually dimorphic cryptic strategies (Insecta: Mantodea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4560 (2) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO A. AGUDELO R. ◽  
CAROLINE MALDANER ◽  
JOSÉ A. RAFAEL
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Many

Praying mantises (Mantodea) are distinct for their rich diversity of cryptic adaptations. Among the many strategies, dry-leaf mimicry have evolved multiple times in unrelated lineages from different zoogeographic regions, among them the Neotropical Acanthopidae. Here we describe Metacanthops fuscum n. gen. et n. sp. based on male and female specimens from the Brazilian Amazon. The recognition of this new acanthopid lineage revealed that Acanthops amazonica Beier, 1930 (currently assigned to Metilia Stål) is a member of Metacanthops and thus we transfer this species, now referable to as Metacanthops amazonica (Beier, 1930) n. comb., redescribe the holotype, and provide new data on its distribution in Brazil and French Guiana. Metacanthops is closely related to Metilia, from which its number of forefemoral posteroventral spines, head and compound eye shape, pronotal configuration, wings features, and the entirely brown habitus of males, can distinguish it. We highlight some aspects of sexual dimorphism in Metacanthops fuscum in relation to their dimorphic cryptic strategies, where males resemble a dry leaf and females a lichenous twig. We additionally establish five recently published names under genus Metilia as nomina nuda. 

scholarly journals Amazonopsis, an unusual new genus of riffle beetle from South America with two new species (Coleoptera, Elmidae, Elminae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 71-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl B. Barr
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
South America ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Secondary Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Amazonopsisgen. n.is described to includeA.theranyisp. n.from Peru, Venezuela and French Guiana, andA.camachoisp. n.from Venezuela. The descriptions are accompanied by figures illustrating the male and female habitus ofA.theranyi, the male habitus ofA.camachoi, and male genitalia of both species.Amazonopsistheranyiexhibits pronounced secondary sexual dimorphism which likewise may be a characteristic of the genus.Amazonopsismales have modified protarsal and mesotarsal claws, a pair of small spines on the anterior prosternum, and a pair of ventrally directed processes on the posterior metaventrite. Females ofA.theranyidisplay a pair of unique, oval perforations in the cuticle of the pronotum and have unmodified claws; females ofA.camachoiare unknown. Descriptions are furnished of the stream habitats and microhabitats where the study specimens were collected.

The melanocortin-3 receptor is a pharmacological target for the regulation of anorexia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (590) ◽  
pp. eabd6434
Author(s):  
Patrick Sweeney ◽  
Michelle N. Bedenbaugh ◽  
Jose Maldonado ◽  
Pauline Pan ◽  
Katelyn Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Bidirectional Regulation ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

Ablation of hypothalamic AgRP (Agouti-related protein) neurons is known to lead to fatal anorexia, whereas their activation stimulates voracious feeding and suppresses other motivational states including fear and anxiety. Despite the critical role of AgRP neurons in bidirectionally controlling feeding, there are currently no therapeutics available specifically targeting this circuitry. The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is expressed in multiple brain regions and exhibits sexual dimorphism of expression in some of those regions in both mice and humans. MC3R deletion produced multiple forms of sexually dimorphic anorexia that resembled aspects of human anorexia nervosa. However, there was no sexual dimorphism in the expression of MC3R in AgRP neurons, 97% of which expressed MC3R. Chemogenetic manipulation of arcuate MC3R neurons and pharmacologic manipulation of MC3R each exerted potent bidirectional regulation over feeding behavior in male and female mice, whereas global ablation of MC3R-expressing cells produced fatal anorexia. Pharmacological effects of MC3R compounds on feeding were dependent on intact AgRP circuitry in the mice. Thus, the dominant effect of MC3R appears to be the regulation of the AgRP circuitry in both male and female mice, with sexually dimorphic sites playing specialized and subordinate roles in feeding behavior. Therefore, MC3R is a potential therapeutic target for disorders characterized by anorexia, as well as a potential target for weight loss therapeutics.

scholarly journals Performance, but not size, of hindleg weaponry is sexually dimorphic in the giant mesquite bug (Thasus neocalifornicus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zackary A. Graham ◽  
Nicole Kaiser ◽  
Alexandre V. Palaoro
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms

ABSTRACTIn many species, males possess specialized weaponry that have evolved to confer a benefit during aggressive interactions. Because male weaponry is typically an exaggerated or extreme version of pre-existing body parts, females often possess reduced or weaponry. Although much research has investigated sexual dimorphism in the sizes of such weapons, other weapon components, such as weapon performance or alternative weapon forms can also explain the evolution of weapon sexual dimorphisms. Here, we investigated the allometry and variation of multiple weapon components of hindleg weaponry in the male and female giant mesquite bugs, Thasus necalifornicus. Despite theory predicating greater allocation in male weaponry, we found that females allocated more into the lengths of their hindlegs compared to males. Despite this allocation, males possess relatively wider hindlegs, which likely increase area of muscle mass. Indeed, the squeezing performance of male hindlegs was much greater than that of female hindlegs. Lastly, we also described the allometry and variation in a male weapon component, prominent tibial spines, which likely are used to damage competitors during aggressive interaction. Overall, our findings highlight the intricacies of weapon sexual dimorphism and demonstrate the importance of measuring multiple weapon components and not a single measure.

scholarly journals New genus and species of Schizomyiina (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e20216187
Author(s):  
Barbara Proença ◽  
Valéria Cid Maia
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Gall Inducer ◽  
A New Species

A new gall midge genus, Distinctamyia gen. nov., and a new species Distinctamyia matogrossensis sp. nov. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) are herein described and illustrated (larvae, pupal exuviae, male and female). The new species induces conical, green, hairy and one chambered galls on leaf and bud of Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae). Gall-inducer specimens, samples of gall and host plant were collected at Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, in the state of Mato Grosso (Midwestern Brazil).

A new genus and species of Sciomyzidae (Diptera) from the Neotropical Region

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 540 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
LUCIANE MARINONI ◽  
MANUEL A. ZUMBADO ◽  
LLOYD KNUTSON
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Male And Female

A new genus, Neuzina, is described from specimens collected in Brazil (Par ), Venezuela (Guarico) and Costa Rica (Guanacaste). The species Neuzina diminuta is described as the type species of the genus and based on the presence of the proepisternal seta and characters of male and female genitalia the genus is placed in the subfamily Sciomyzinae, tribe Sciomyzini.

scholarly journals Anphira branchialis GEN. ET SP. NOV. (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, CYMOTHOIDAE) A GILL CAVITY PARASITE OF PIRANHAS (Serrasalmus SPP.) IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon E. THATCHER
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Lamellar Structures ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Mandibular Palp ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Gill Cavity ◽  
Amazonas State

Anphira branchialisgen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is described from the dorsal areas of the gill chambers of three species of piranhas (Serrasalmusspp.). The fishes were caught in rivers near Manaus, Amazonas State and on Maracá island, Federal Territory of Roraima, Brasil. The new genus and species is characterized by having large, flat coxal plates on ail 7 pereonites. These plates usually extend beyond the margins of the following segments and the 7th ones extend nearly to the pleotelson and cover the lateral margins of the pleonites. The mandible of this species is rounded, "foot shaped" and without incisor. The mandibular palp is short and stout. The maxillules have 3 terminal and 2 subterminal spines. The pleopods are simple lamellar structures with rounded tips. Evidence is presented that these parasites feed on gill filaments.

Amazoniaseius imparisetosus n. sp., n. g.: an unusual new phytoseiid mite (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from the Amazon forest

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4236 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
PETERSON R. DEMITE ◽  
WILTON P. da CRUZ ◽  
JAMES A. McMURTRY ◽  
GILBERTO J. De MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Margin ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Phytoseiid Mite ◽  
Dorsal Shield ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Dichotomous Key

A new genus and species of the subfamily Typhlodrominae are described from the Brazilian Amazon. The main differences between this and all other phytoseiid species are the presence of two unpaired setae on dorsal shield of deutonymphs and adults, and the absence of all ZV setae. It also differs from other typhlodromine species by its relatively long J5 setae, the presence of seta J4 and the broadly rounded posterior margin of the genital shield. Thus, the unique idiosomal setal pattern of this species is here designated as 13A+x:8F+X/JV-3,4:ZV-1–3. Because of the unique characteristics, we here describe this new taxon, Amazoniaseius imparisetosus n. sp., n. g., based on protonymphs, deutonymphs and adult females. This species is accommodated in tribe Paraseiulini Wainstein within Typhlodrominae, due to the presence of the setae z6 and S4. The tribe is redefined and an updated dichotomous key for the separation of the genera of Paraseiulini is provided. 

scholarly journals Review of the genus Agonochaetia Povolný (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), and description of a new genus and species from the Canary Islands

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4300 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-FRANÇOIS LANDRY ◽  
VAZRICK NAZARI ◽  
OLEKSIY BIDZILYA ◽  
PETER HUEMER ◽  
OLE KARSHOLT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
A New Species

The Holarctic genus Agonochaetia is reviewed and a new species, Agonochaetia shawinigan Landry, sp. nov. is described from Québec, Canada. In addition, a new glandiductor-bearing genus and species, Canarischema fuerteventura Karsholt, gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from the Canary Islands. Comparative diagnoses, a key to species, illustrations of external aspect, male and female genitalia are provided for all species. Most species of Agonochaetia are rarely collected and known only from their types or from very few specimens. DNA barcodes are provided for four of the species from which DNA was recovered. Analysis of DNA barcodes suggests that Agonochaetia may be paraphyletic. Phylogenetic relationships to other Gnorimoschemini genera bearing a pair of glandiductors above the phallus are discussed. 

scholarly journals A new genus and species of Mileewini leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Mileewinae) from China, with a key to genera

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Bin Yan ◽  
Hong-Li He ◽  
Mao-Fa Yang ◽  
Mick D. Webb
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Male And Female

A new leafhopper genus and species, Anzihelus bistriatus Yan & Yang, gen. nov. sp. nov. (Cicadellidae, Mileewinae, Mileewini) is described from Sichuan Province, China. Habitus images and figures of the male and female genitalia are provided together with a key to the genera of Mileewini from China.

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