Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from shallow-waters of the remote oceanic archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, southeastern Atlantic, with taxonomic and zoogeographical notes

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4742 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-56
Author(s):  
ROSANA CUNHA ◽  
MARCOS TAVARES ◽  
JOEL BRAGA JR DE MENDONÇA
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
First Record ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Central Atlantic

Trindade and Martin Vaz (TMV) is a highly isolated, oceanic volcanic archipelago located approximately 1200 km off the Brazilian coast and about 4200 km away from the nearest African coast. It has been almost 70 years since the first sea star, “Astropecten sp.”, was recorded from Trindade in 1951. In the following years (1955–1971; 2006) six sea star species were added to the archipelago’s fauna. After that period, however, research on shallow water echinoderms has not been conducted in TMV and no further sea star species have been recorded from there since. From 2012 to 2019, 263 daytime SCUBA diving and intertidal samplings conducted at TMV yielded 91 lots of sea stars in 7 species: Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840; Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Astropecten aff. antillensis Lütken, 1859; Copidaster lymani A. H. Clark, 1948; Luidia alternata alternata (Say, 1825); Mithrodia clavigera (Lamarck, 1816); and Ophidiaster guildingi Gray, 1840. The last five species in this list represent new records to the archipelago, with C. lymani also being the first record of the species in the southwestern Atlantic. Five shallow water species previously known from TMV have not been observed in the present survey: Asterinides folium (Lütken, 1860), Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842, Astropecten cingulatus Sladen, 1883, Linckia nodosa Perrier, 1875, and Ophidiaster alexandri Verrill, 1915. Twelve sea star species are currently known from shallow waters of TMV.                A list of all sea star species known from shallow waters (intertidal down to 100 meters) of the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic archipelagoes and islands (Ascension, Cape Verde, Fernando de Noronha, Gulf of Guinea, Rocas Atoll, Saint Helena, Trindade and Martin Vaz) with their gross distribution in the Atlantic Ocean was compiled in order to explore the existence of patterns of geographic distribution for the shallow water sea star species in the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic islands. It has been found that 44% of the species from TMV are of western Atlantic affinity, 33% amphi-Atlantic, and 22% circumtropical in distribution. No endemic sea star species are known from TMV to date. The even more remote Ascension (ASC) and Saint Helena (STH) are more of a mosaic than TMV. The ASC and STH fauna consist of 8 and 11 sea star species, respectively. Their endemic component totals to 25% and 27%, respectively. STH has more amphi-Atlantic and eastern Atlantic sea star species (27% each) than ASC (25% and 12.5%, respectively). Twenty-five percent of the sea star species in ASC are circumtropical in distribution, whereas no circumtropical species have been found in STH. The western Atlantic (WA) component comparatively to the eastern Atlantic (EA) one is of minor significance in STH (18% versus 27%, respectively), whereas the WA and EA components contribute equally to the taxonomic composition in ASC (12.5% each). However, patterns of faunal affinities in both islands are actually taxon-dependent. 

Axiidean ghost shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidae, Callianassidae, Callichiridae, Micheleidae) of the Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain and Abrolhos, off southeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4758 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-126
Author(s):  
PAULO P.G. PACHELLE ◽  
MARCOS TAVARES
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Insular Fauna ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
A New Species

The Trindade and Martin Vaz (TMV) volcanic archipelago is highly isolated, being located some 1200 km off the Brazilian coast and about 4200 km away from the nearest African coast. The only axiidean known from the archipelago is Coralaxius nodulosus (Meinert, 1877), a species extensively reported in the western Atlantic. From 2012 to 2018, 263 SCUBA diving and intertidal samplings were conducted at TMV and yielded 46 axiidean specimens in three species, one of which is a new species: Corallianassa longiventris (A. Milne-Edwards, 1870), Neocallichirus grandimana (Gibbes, 1850), and Fragillianassa joeli sp. nov., a species closely related to F. fragilis (Biffar, 1970). Hitherto unreported specimens from along the Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (VTSC) and the Abrolhos Bank were also included in this report, namely C. nodulosus and Michelea vandoverae (Gore, 1987). The occurrence of M. vandoverae at the Abrolhos Bank extends its range into the southwestern Atlantic. Coralaxius abelei Kensley & Gore, 1981 is herein considered a junior synonym of Coralaxius nodulosus (Meinert, 1877). Meinertaxius Sakai, 2011, therefore becomes a subjective synonym of Coralaxius Kensley & Gore, 1981. Axiideans from the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic islands (Ascension, Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Helena, Trindade and Martin Vaz) are listed with their gross distribution in the Atlantic Ocean revealing a strongly depauperate axiidean insular fauna, totaling six species. Except for Axiopsis serratifrons (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873), a pantropical species, the insular southwestern-central Atlantic axiideans are entirely of western Atlantic affinities, with F. joeli sp. nov. being the only endemic so far. 

scholarly journals Paguroids (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae and Paguridae) of the remote oceanic Archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, off southeast Brazil, with new records, description of three new species and zoogeographical notes

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4694 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL LIMA ◽  
MARCOS TAVARES ◽  
JOEL BRAGA JR. DE MENDONÇA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Seamount Chain ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
First Time

Trindade and Martin Vaz (TMV) is a highly isolated, oceanic volcanic archipelago located some 1200 km off the Brazilian coast and about 4200 km away from the nearest African coast. For almost 100 years Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791) was the only hermit crab species known from TMV. From 2012 to 2018, 263 daytime SCUBA diving and intertidal samplings conducted at TMV yielded 1075 paguroid specimens in 10 species, three of which are established herein as new species: Iridopagurus martinvaz sp. nov., Nematopagurus micheleae sp. nov., and Pagurus carmineus sp. nov. Iridopagurus margaritensis García-Gómez, 1983, and Phimochirus leurocarpus McLaughlin, 1981, both only known from the northern hemisphere, are recorded for the first time from the southwestern Atlantic. Opportunity was taken herein to include hitherto unreported or little known specimens from along the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, namely, Dardanus venosus H. Milne Edwards, 1848, Nematopaguroides pusillus Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968, Pagurus provenzanoi Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968, and Phimochirus holthuisi (Provenzano, 1961). The lectotype of Pagurus venosus H. Milne Edwards, 1848 is designated as the neotype for the obscure Pagurus arrosor divergens Moreira, 1905, which thus becomes an objective junior synonym of the former. A list of all paguroid species known from the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic archipelagoes and islands (Ascension, Cape Verde, Fernando de Noronha, Gulf of Guinea, Rocas Atoll, Saint Helena, Trindade and Martin Vaz) with their gross distribution in the Atlantic Ocean is provided. Investigation on the existence of patterns of geographic distribution for the paguroid fauna of the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic islands showed that 70% percent of the paguroids from TMV are western Atlantic in origin and 30% endemic. No amphi-Atlantic paguroid species are known from TMV. Conversely, the affinity of Ascension’s (33%) and Saint Helena’s (50%) paguroids is with the eastern Atlantic; no western Atlantic paguroids have been reported from these two islands so far. Exploration on the existence of trends of correlation between islands area and species richness through the Spearman’s coefficient of correlation showed that the patterns in the number of paguroid species cannot be explained by variation in island area alone (rs = 0.4728; p = 0.28571). 

Dendrochirotida (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the northeastern coast of Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4755 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-453
Author(s):  
JÉSSICA PRATA ◽  
CYNTHIA LARA DE CASTRO MANSO ◽  
MARTIN LINDSEY CHRISTOFFERSEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Northeastern Coast

The study presents a review of the Dendrochirotida species from shallow waters of the northeastern coast of Brazil. A total of 1,268 specimens were analyzed and 24 species were recorded, which were classified into 16 genera of Cucumariidae, Psolidae, Phyllophoridae, and Sclerodactylidae. Detailed descriptions and figures of the taxonomic characters are provided to facilitate species identification. Notes on morphological variation, geographic distribution, and habitat are also provided. We suggest two new species for science, Thyone brasiliana sp. nov. and Havelockia nietae sp. nov., the new combination Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868) and the first record of Euthyonidiella trita (Sluiter, 1910) for the Brazilian coast. The bathymetric ranges are expanded for Coronatum baiensis, Euthyonidiella trita, Stolus cognatus, and Thyonidium seguroensis. 

A new species of Aspidophryxus G.O. Sars, 1883 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Dajidae) from Caribbean mysid shrimp

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Boyko ◽  
Jason Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
Mysid Shrimp ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new species of dajid isopod in the genus Aspidophryxus G.O. Sars, 1883 is described from three females and one male found infesting the lateral carapace of Heteromysis (Olivemysis) actiniae Clarke, 1955 (Mysidae: Heteromysinae) associated with the corkscrew anemone Bartholomea annulata (Lesuer, 1817) (Anthozoa: Aiptasiidae) from the British Virgin Islands. This is the first record of the genus from the western Atlantic; three other species are known from northern European waters, the central Atlantic and Japan, all on mysid hosts. The new species is the first dajid recorded from tropical Caribbean waters. A key to species in the genus and a list of all known hosts with parasite orientation are provided.

Deep seaYoldiella(Pelecypoda: Protobranchia: Yoldiidae) from Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pereira Benaim ◽  
Ricardo Silva Absalão
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
First Record ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Unknown Species

Despite the increasing number of reports on the deep-sea molluscs from the south-western Atlantic, we know very little about the protobranchs. The lack of information on the protobranch Pelecypoda off southern Brazil is reflected in the genusYoldiella. This contribution is part of an effort to increase the knowledge about this group off the Brazilian coast. Eight species ofYoldiellaare recognized here. ForYoldiella biguttata, previously reported from Brazil, the known distribution is extended southwards to the Campos Basin. ForYoldiella similisthis is the first record in the western Atlantic Ocean. ForYoldiella extensaandYoldiellaaff.jeffreysithis is the first record for Brazil. Four previously unknown species are described,Yoldiella lapernoisp. nov.,Yoldiella paranapuaensissp. nov.,Yoldiella arariboiasp. nov. andYoldiella curupirasp. nov. Considering only conchological features for the Atlantic species we could propose some clusters of species ofYoldiella.

scholarly journals Axianassa australis Rodrigues and Shimizu, 1992 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Gebiidea: Axianassidae): first record from Sergipe, NE Brazil

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo C. Rosa ◽  
Alexandre O. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Mud Shrimp

The western Atlantic mud-shrimp Axianassa australis Rodrigues and Shimizu, 1992 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Gebiidea: Axianassidae), known from Florida, Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, is firstly recorded from the state of the Sergipe, NE Brazil, filling a gap in the species distribution along Brazilian coast.

Taxonomy of the sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Bahia State, including ontogenetic variation and an illustrated key to the Brazilian species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4955 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-78
Author(s):  
ROSANA CUNHA ◽  
LUCIANA MARTINS ◽  
CARLA MENEGOLA ◽  
CAMILLA SOUTO
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Ontogenetic Variation ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Describing ontogenetic morphological change is an important part of integrative taxonomy; still, most taxonomic studies are based only on adult characters. Here, we provide illustrations and a morphological description of the sea stars from Bahia, including ontogenetic and intraspecific variation, and identify taxonomic issues. A total of 293 specimens from different localities along the Bahia State coastline and comparative material from other localities were examined. Eighteen species (11 genera, eight families) of Asteroidea were identified; Astropectinidae was the most representative family. All species identified also occur in subtropical Brazilian waters and most species are from shallow water habitats with soft bottoms. Most observed ontogenetic variation was quantitative in nature, such as the increase in the number of spines in the furrow and of spinelets in the paxillae with specimen growth. Genera that require further taxonomic studies are Astropecten and Othilia, whose specimens are commonly misidentified in local studies. One third of the species from Bahia are currently classified as “Vulnerable” in the Brazilian Red List, but baseline data on the population biology of these species are scarce. An illustrated identification key to the 65 Brazilian sea star species is also provided. This taxonomic study will facilitate the identification of specimens occurring along the Brazilian coast and help scientists and policy makers to establish the conservation status of the Brazilian species. 

Morphological and molecular systematics of the ‘Cliona viridiscomplex’ from south-eastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille V. Leal ◽  
Thiago S. De Paula ◽  
Gisele Lôbo-Hajdu ◽  
Christine H. L. Schönberg ◽  
Eduardo L. Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
First Record ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cryptogenic Species

Bioeroding sponges of theCliona viridisspecies complex play a large role in carbonate cycling and reef health. In the present study we provide the first record and a description of a Mediterranean lineage ofC. viridis(Schmidt, 1862) in the south-western Atlantic. Specimens were collected in Maricás Archipelago, Rio de Janeiro State in September 2010 by scuba diving at 10–12 m depth and deposited in the Porifera collection of Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Morphologically, the specimens presently examined are very similar to those described in the beta and gamma growth form from the Mediterranean. The Brazilian and Mediterranean specimens share large and irregular papillae over 2 cm in diameter, megasclere tylostyles up to 500 µm long and microsclere spirasters with up to five twists and 34 µm long. A Maximum Likelihood analysis of 28S rDNA ofC. viridis, C. aprica, C. jullieni, C. schmidtiandC. varianswas performed for a genetic identification of the Brazilian specimens. The Brazilian material is phylogenetically closer to the MediterraneanC. viridisthan to the Caribbean and Indian Ocean members of this species complex included in the present analysis. Our results suggest thatC. viridisis a cryptogenic species with a distribution extending from the Mediterranean to the eastern Atlantic and in the SE Brazilian coast or further.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the genus Pseudoboletia (Echinoidea: Toxopneustidae) in the South-Western Atlantic: morphological and molecular approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinia M. Lopes ◽  
Carlos Eduardo L. Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Renato R. Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Recent Population Expansion ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The genus Pseudoboletia was recently reported off coast of Brazil (Trindade-Martin Vaz insular complex). This study reports the first record of this genus to southern of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina coasts. Morphological and molecular data showed that sea urchins from Brazil and São Tomé are the same species, genetically distinct of individuals from Indo-Pacific. However, taxonomic identity of Brazilian species remains as a challenge. Two hypotheses to explain the recent records of this species on Brazilian coast are discussed: a recent natural invasion by long-distance dispersal and a recent population expansion in the Brazilian coast after absence or low density period. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S299-S308. Epub 2017 November 01. 

scholarly journals New records of the mollusk Firoloida desmarestia Lesueur, 1817 (Gastropoda: Pterotracheidae) off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Northeastern Brazilian continental slope, Tropical Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Guerra Araújo Abrantes de FIGUEIREDO ◽  
Ralf SCHWAMBORN ◽  
Arnaud BERTRAND ◽  
Simone Maria Albuquerque LIRA
Keyword(s):  
Continental Slope ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
New Records ◽  
First Record ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
Fernando De Noronha

Biogeographic and taxonomic knowledge on planktonic mollusks, specifically on Pterotracheoidea (also known as heteropods or sea elephants) in tropical oceans, is still incomplete. In this paper we report the first record of the heteropod Firoloida desmarestia Lesueur (1817) on waters off the Northeast Brazilian continental slope and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and extend its geographic distribution in the tropical Atlantic. We provide new detailed digital image and descriptions of this highly fragile and transparent gelatinous species. Samples were taken in the context of the ‘ABRACOS’ (Acoustic along the Brazilian Coast) project using bongo nets. Out of 96 samples analyzed, six specimens were recorded in five samples, three at Fernando de Noronha, and three off the Northeast Brazilian coast. The present study extends the range of distribution of F. desmarestia to 3°S-9°Sin the western the Tropical Atlantic and highlights the importance of detailed studies on large-sized gelatinous plankton biodiversity in tropical oceans. Keywords: Tropical oceanic islands, Continental slope, zooplankton, heteropods, Pterotracheidae. 

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