scholarly journals Paguroids (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae and Paguridae) of the remote oceanic Archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, off southeast Brazil, with new records, description of three new species and zoogeographical notes

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4694 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL LIMA ◽  
MARCOS TAVARES ◽  
JOEL BRAGA JR. DE MENDONÇA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Seamount Chain ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
First Time

Trindade and Martin Vaz (TMV) is a highly isolated, oceanic volcanic archipelago located some 1200 km off the Brazilian coast and about 4200 km away from the nearest African coast. For almost 100 years Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791) was the only hermit crab species known from TMV. From 2012 to 2018, 263 daytime SCUBA diving and intertidal samplings conducted at TMV yielded 1075 paguroid specimens in 10 species, three of which are established herein as new species: Iridopagurus martinvaz sp. nov., Nematopagurus micheleae sp. nov., and Pagurus carmineus sp. nov. Iridopagurus margaritensis García-Gómez, 1983, and Phimochirus leurocarpus McLaughlin, 1981, both only known from the northern hemisphere, are recorded for the first time from the southwestern Atlantic. Opportunity was taken herein to include hitherto unreported or little known specimens from along the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, namely, Dardanus venosus H. Milne Edwards, 1848, Nematopaguroides pusillus Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968, Pagurus provenzanoi Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968, and Phimochirus holthuisi (Provenzano, 1961). The lectotype of Pagurus venosus H. Milne Edwards, 1848 is designated as the neotype for the obscure Pagurus arrosor divergens Moreira, 1905, which thus becomes an objective junior synonym of the former. A list of all paguroid species known from the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic archipelagoes and islands (Ascension, Cape Verde, Fernando de Noronha, Gulf of Guinea, Rocas Atoll, Saint Helena, Trindade and Martin Vaz) with their gross distribution in the Atlantic Ocean is provided. Investigation on the existence of patterns of geographic distribution for the paguroid fauna of the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic islands showed that 70% percent of the paguroids from TMV are western Atlantic in origin and 30% endemic. No amphi-Atlantic paguroid species are known from TMV. Conversely, the affinity of Ascension’s (33%) and Saint Helena’s (50%) paguroids is with the eastern Atlantic; no western Atlantic paguroids have been reported from these two islands so far. Exploration on the existence of trends of correlation between islands area and species richness through the Spearman’s coefficient of correlation showed that the patterns in the number of paguroid species cannot be explained by variation in island area alone (rs = 0.4728; p = 0.28571). 

Axiidean ghost shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidae, Callianassidae, Callichiridae, Micheleidae) of the Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain and Abrolhos, off southeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4758 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-126
Author(s):  
PAULO P.G. PACHELLE ◽  
MARCOS TAVARES
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Insular Fauna ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
A New Species

The Trindade and Martin Vaz (TMV) volcanic archipelago is highly isolated, being located some 1200 km off the Brazilian coast and about 4200 km away from the nearest African coast. The only axiidean known from the archipelago is Coralaxius nodulosus (Meinert, 1877), a species extensively reported in the western Atlantic. From 2012 to 2018, 263 SCUBA diving and intertidal samplings were conducted at TMV and yielded 46 axiidean specimens in three species, one of which is a new species: Corallianassa longiventris (A. Milne-Edwards, 1870), Neocallichirus grandimana (Gibbes, 1850), and Fragillianassa joeli sp. nov., a species closely related to F. fragilis (Biffar, 1970). Hitherto unreported specimens from along the Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (VTSC) and the Abrolhos Bank were also included in this report, namely C. nodulosus and Michelea vandoverae (Gore, 1987). The occurrence of M. vandoverae at the Abrolhos Bank extends its range into the southwestern Atlantic. Coralaxius abelei Kensley & Gore, 1981 is herein considered a junior synonym of Coralaxius nodulosus (Meinert, 1877). Meinertaxius Sakai, 2011, therefore becomes a subjective synonym of Coralaxius Kensley & Gore, 1981. Axiideans from the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic islands (Ascension, Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Helena, Trindade and Martin Vaz) are listed with their gross distribution in the Atlantic Ocean revealing a strongly depauperate axiidean insular fauna, totaling six species. Except for Axiopsis serratifrons (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873), a pantropical species, the insular southwestern-central Atlantic axiideans are entirely of western Atlantic affinities, with F. joeli sp. nov. being the only endemic so far. 

Taxonomy of Plakortis and Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from oceanic islands off north-eastern Brazil, with description of three new species

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando C. Moraes ◽  
Guilherme Muricy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Plakortis Angulospiculatus ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Shape And Size

Three species of Plakortis and one of Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Homosclerophorida) collected mostly at oceanic islands off north-eastern Brazil (Atol das Rocas, Fernando de Noronha and São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago) are described, three of which are new to science: Plakortis angulospiculatus, P. insularis sp. nov., P. microrhabdifera sp. nov, and Plakinastrella microspiculifera sp. nov. External morphological characters such as colour, oscules, and consistency are sufficient to discriminate all the four species in the field, except Plakortis angulospiculatus from P. microrhabdifera. Internal features such as skeletal arrangement, shape and size of diods, and presence of microrhabds and calthrops are also important taxonomic characters for western Atlantic Plakortis and Plakinastrella. We consider as valid only five species of Plakortis in the western Atlantic: the three species described here plus P. halichondrioides and P. zyggompha. All these species except P. zyggompha have been recorded from Brazil. Plakinastrella has now two species in the western Atlantic, P. onkodes and P. microspiculifera sp. nov. The generic distinction between Plakortis and Plakinastrella is tenuous, based only on the presence of spicule size-classes and of deformed vs normal calthrops, and both genera need detailed revision.

Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from shallow-waters of the remote oceanic archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, southeastern Atlantic, with taxonomic and zoogeographical notes

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4742 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-56
Author(s):  
ROSANA CUNHA ◽  
MARCOS TAVARES ◽  
JOEL BRAGA JR DE MENDONÇA
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
First Record ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Central Atlantic

Trindade and Martin Vaz (TMV) is a highly isolated, oceanic volcanic archipelago located approximately 1200 km off the Brazilian coast and about 4200 km away from the nearest African coast. It has been almost 70 years since the first sea star, “Astropecten sp.”, was recorded from Trindade in 1951. In the following years (1955–1971; 2006) six sea star species were added to the archipelago’s fauna. After that period, however, research on shallow water echinoderms has not been conducted in TMV and no further sea star species have been recorded from there since. From 2012 to 2019, 263 daytime SCUBA diving and intertidal samplings conducted at TMV yielded 91 lots of sea stars in 7 species: Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840; Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Astropecten aff. antillensis Lütken, 1859; Copidaster lymani A. H. Clark, 1948; Luidia alternata alternata (Say, 1825); Mithrodia clavigera (Lamarck, 1816); and Ophidiaster guildingi Gray, 1840. The last five species in this list represent new records to the archipelago, with C. lymani also being the first record of the species in the southwestern Atlantic. Five shallow water species previously known from TMV have not been observed in the present survey: Asterinides folium (Lütken, 1860), Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842, Astropecten cingulatus Sladen, 1883, Linckia nodosa Perrier, 1875, and Ophidiaster alexandri Verrill, 1915. Twelve sea star species are currently known from shallow waters of TMV.                A list of all sea star species known from shallow waters (intertidal down to 100 meters) of the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic archipelagoes and islands (Ascension, Cape Verde, Fernando de Noronha, Gulf of Guinea, Rocas Atoll, Saint Helena, Trindade and Martin Vaz) with their gross distribution in the Atlantic Ocean was compiled in order to explore the existence of patterns of geographic distribution for the shallow water sea star species in the tropical southern-central Atlantic oceanic islands. It has been found that 44% of the species from TMV are of western Atlantic affinity, 33% amphi-Atlantic, and 22% circumtropical in distribution. No endemic sea star species are known from TMV to date. The even more remote Ascension (ASC) and Saint Helena (STH) are more of a mosaic than TMV. The ASC and STH fauna consist of 8 and 11 sea star species, respectively. Their endemic component totals to 25% and 27%, respectively. STH has more amphi-Atlantic and eastern Atlantic sea star species (27% each) than ASC (25% and 12.5%, respectively). Twenty-five percent of the sea star species in ASC are circumtropical in distribution, whereas no circumtropical species have been found in STH. The western Atlantic (WA) component comparatively to the eastern Atlantic (EA) one is of minor significance in STH (18% versus 27%, respectively), whereas the WA and EA components contribute equally to the taxonomic composition in ASC (12.5% each). However, patterns of faunal affinities in both islands are actually taxon-dependent. 

Taxonomic revision of the genus Eulimella (Gastropoda, Pyramidellidae) from Brazil, with description of three new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3063 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE DIAS PIMENTA ◽  
FRANKLIN NOEL DOS SANTOS ◽  
RICARDO SILVA ABSALÃO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Three New Species

A taxonomic revision of the pyramidellid genus Eulimella from Brazil was performed based on shell morphology. The holotype of Eulimella rudis Watson, 1886 is illustrated and compared to shells from the southeast Brazilian coast, this being the first confirmed record of this species after its original description. Eulimella smithii (Verrill, 1880), previously known from northern localities in the western Atlantic, is recorded from the southwestern Atlantic, along virtually the entire Brazilian coast; it is herein considered a distinct taxon from Eulimella unifasciata (Forbes, 1844), a very similar species from the eastern Atlantic, given the lack of data on development to consider an amphi-Atlantic distribution. Three new species are described: Eulimella torquata sp. nov., diagnosed by a constriction in the middle of each teleoconch whorl caused by a strong spiral furrow, producing a bilobed whorl profile; Eulimella cylindrata sp. nov., diagnosed by a large subcylindrical teleoconch; and Eulimella ejuncida sp. nov., characterized by its very slender shell, and small protoconch with only one whorl and with an “arc” shaped suture. The shells herein identified as Eulimella cf. calva from Brazil are conchologically identical to Eulimella calva Schander, 1994, from West Africa, but their taxonomic status should remain dubious because of lack of biological information to evaluate a possible amphi-Atlantic distribution pattern. All the species studied (except Eulimella ejuncida sp. nov.) have characteristic short microscopic axial threads organized in a spiral belt, varying in position and expression among species, but usually located in the middle of each teleoconch whorl or below the suture; this characteristic is also present in some species from the eastern Atlantic. Three South American species, originally or subsequently allocated in Eulimella, are herein considered as not belonging to this genus: Eulimella argentina Doello-Jurado, 1938; Eulimella bahiensis Castellanos, 1982; and Eulimella xenohyes (Melvill & Standen, 1912). The holotype of Eulimella lissa is illustrated with SEM micrographs.

A new species of Gastrophanella from central western Atlantic, with a discussion of the family Siphonidiidae (Demospongiae: Lithistida)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Muricy ◽  
J.V. Minervino
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Gastrophanella, G. cavernicola sp. nov. (Demospongiae: Siphonidiidae), is described from submarine caves in Fernando de Noronha Island (north-east Brazil), Carrie Bow Cay and Columbus Cay, Belize (central Western Atlantic), at depths of 5-30 m. It differs from all other species of the genus by its lobate shape with thin superficial canals and centrotylote tylostrongyles. Gastrophanella cavernicola sp. nov. is the second record of the genus Gastrophanella from both Brazil and the Caribbean. It is the sixth ‘lithistid’ sponge reported from the Brazilian coast, whereas at least 32 other desma-bearing sponges are known from the Caribbean. The genus now includes five valid species, G. implexa Schmidt from the West Indies (type species), G. mammilliformis Burton from South Africa, G. primore Gómez from the Pacific Coast of Mexico, G. stylifera Mothes & Silva from south Brazil, and G. cavernicola sp. nov. from north-east Brazil and Belize. Aciculites oxytylota Lévi & Lévi from New Caledonia is transferred to Siphonidium Schmidt. The family Siphonidiidae Lendenfeld, which is probably related to order Hadromerida, is redefined to contain only Siphonidium and Gastrophanella, both with fused rhizoclone desmas associated to microspined exotyles.

Description of three species of Eurypon Gray, 1867 (Raspailiidae: Demospongiae: Porifera) from the Western Atlantic and a name to replace the the secondary homonym Eurypon topsenti

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4388 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
THAYNÃ CAVALCANTI ◽  
GEORGE GARCIA SANTOS ◽  
ULISSES PINHEIRO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Bathymetric Range ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time

Eurypon  Gray, 1867 comprises 49 valid species distributed worldwide, and in an extensive bathymetric range. Three Eurypon species are known for Brazil, all endemic from the Northeast region. Here, we describe three new species of Eurypon. Two of which are recorded from shallow waters (down to 100 m) off Pernambuco and Paraíba States, and one species is from deep waters (157 m) off Rio Grande do Norte State. Eurypon oxychaetum sp. nov. has large subtylostyles (1025–2125 µm, length), styles, two categories of acanthostyles and oxychaetes; Eurypon potiguaris sp. nov. has large tylostyles (1000–2315 µm, length), two categories of acanthostyles, and thin oxeas; Eurypon verticillatum sp. nov. is a blue sponge with exclusive verticillate acanthostyles. The new species were compared with all other Atlantic species of the genus. A replacement name for the secondary homonym Eurypon topsenti is proposed: Eurypon pulitzeri nom. nov. The presence of verticillate acanthostyles and oxychaetes spicules are reported for the first time in Table 1 genus. 

New species and records of alpheid shrimps, genera Salmoneus Holthuis and Parabetaeus Coutière, from the tropical western Atlantic (Decapoda, Caridea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1653 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR ANKER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Coral Rubble ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Netherlands Antilles ◽  
Ascension Island ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Alpheid Shrimp

Six species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955, including two new species, are reported from the tropical western Atlantic. Salmoneus ortmanni (Rankin, 1898) is reported for the first time from Atol das Rocas, Brazil and Aruba, Netherlands Antilles. Salmoneus carvachoi n. sp. is described on the basis of specimens previously misidentified as S. ortmanni from Guadeloupe, French Antilles, and is also known to occur in Brazil. The main difference between S. carvachoi n. sp. and S. ortmanni is the much more slender dactylus of the third to fifth pereiopods in the first species. The two species also appear to be ecologically separated: S. carvachoi n. sp. prefers silt-mud bottoms of estuaries and mangroves, while S. ortmanni occurs mostly in the rocky-coralline algae intertidal and on seagrass beds with reef patches, under rocks and coral rubble. Salmoneus rocas n. sp. is described on the basis of a single specimen collected at Atol das Rocas; this species belongs to the mostly Indo-Pacific S. serratidigitus (Coutière, 1896) species complex. Salmoneus teres Manning & Chace, 1990 and S. setosus Manning & Chace, 1990 previously known only from the isolated Ascension Island in the central Atlantic, are reported for the first time from the tropical western Atlantic: Guadeloupe and northeastern Brazil, respectively. Finally, Parabetaeus hummelincki (Schmitt, 1936) is recorded for the first time in Brazil.

Taxonomic review of the genus Opaliopsis (Gastropoda: Nystiellidae) from Brazil, with description of a new species

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 1561-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Garcia Andrade ◽  
Paulo Márcio Santos Costa ◽  
Alexandre Dias Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Deep Water Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Water Species

The genus Opaliopsis from Brazil is revised based on three deep-water species. Opaliopsis atlantis (Clench & Turner, 1952) is confirmed as occurring in north-eastern and south-eastern localities. Opaliopsis opalina (Dall, 1927) is reported for the first time in the south-western Atlantic. A new species, Opaliopsis cearense, is described from the north-eastern Brazilian coast, and is distinguished by its large number of fine spiral cords per teleoconch whorl.

On the taxonomy of Turbonilla puncta (C. B. Adams, 1850) (Gastropoda, Pyramidellidae), with the description of a new species from Brazil and remarks on other western atlantic species

Zootaxa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE D. PIMENTA ◽  
RICARDO S. ABSALÃO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A neotype is designated for Chemnitzia puncta C. B. Adams, 1850, now placed in the genus Turbonilla and considered to be a senior synonym of Turbonilla peilei Dall & Bartsch, 1911, Turbonilla haycocki Dall & Bartsch, 1911 and Turbonilla alfredi Abbott, 1958. Turbonilla obsoleta Dall, 1892, described as a variety of T. puncta, exhibits great deal of intraspecific variation in shell morphology and is considered as valid at the specific level. Turbonilla deboeri Jong & Coomans, 1988, Turbonilla westermanni Jong & Coomans, 1988 and Turbonilla punicea Dall, 1884 share a spiral sculpture pattern very similar to T. puncta, differing in the outline of the whorls, details of the ribs and/or width of the protoconch. Turbonilla puncta, T. deboeri, T. obsoleta and T. westermanni are reported for the first time from the Brazilian coast. Turbonilla tupinamba n. sp. is described from the southeast coast of Brazil and is distinguished from the conchologically related T. puncta and T. deboeri, by the shape of the ribs, outline of the whorls and growth pattern of the shell.

Three new species ofStrongylacidon(Chondropsidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from north-east Brazil, with new morphological characters for the family

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Menegola ◽  
George Joaquim Garcia Santos ◽  
Fernando Moraes ◽  
Guilherme Muricy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Definition Of

Three new species ofStrongylacidonfrom north-east Brazil are described:Strongylacidon oxychaetumsp. nov. andStrongylacidon solangeaesp. nov. from Bahia State, andStrongylacidon chelospinatasp. nov. from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Pernambuco State.Strongylacidon oxychaetumsp. nov. has thinly encrusting shape with lobate projections, strongyles, oxychaetes and arcuate chelae;S. solangeaesp. nov. is characterized by having massive shape with hispid surface, strongyles and unguiferate chelae; andS. chelospinatasp. nov. present thinly encrusting shape, strongyles, and arcuate isochelae with large spines on the outer edge of the axis. An identification key for the nine valid species ofStrongylacidonfrom the Tropical Western Atlantic is provided. New morphological characters, viz., oxychaetes and spined arcuate isochelae (here termed acanthochelae), are added to the definition of the genusStrongylacidonand of the family Chondropsidae.

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