Does the Garra population (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Kol River drainage, Persian Gulf basin merit formal description?

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5048 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-278
Author(s):  
GOLNAZ SAYYADZADEH ◽  
HAMID REZA ESMAEILI
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
River Population ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
River Drainage

Recognizing and defining a species has been a controversial concern for a long time. To define the variation and the limitation between different species, especially closely related taxa in a complex species group, several concepts have been proposed which may lead to different taxonomic decisions. When a taxonomist studies a specific taxon, she/he should adopt a species concept and provide a species limitation to define the studied taxa. Garra population from the Kol River drainage, Persian Gulf basin has already been considered as Garra sp., based on molecular data, and to date no taxonomic decision has been made to provide a specific name for it. The Kol population presents several morphological characters that distinguish it from congeners: fully scaled breast; 7–8 ½ branched dorsal-fin rays; caudal fin with 16–17 branched rays and well-developed mental disc with free lateral and posterior margins. It is also distinguished from all other congeners in the Garra rufa group in Iran, by having two fixed, diagnostic nucleotide substitutions in the mtDNA COI barcode region. Furthermore, the Kol population demonstrates some distinct osteological characteristics in comparison to its closest species G. mondica. Based on the integrative molecular phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses, and morphological, osteological and distribution range data presented here, we think that the Kol River population merits formal description and can be considered as a distinct taxonomic unit (species).  

Towards a phylogeny of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Is morphology alone sufficient to reconstruct the genealogical relationship?

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørn Ekrem
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Male Pupa

AbstractA phylogenetic analysis of species potentially belonging to the Tanytarsus eminulus, gregarius, mendax and lugens species groups is performed using morphological characters from the adult male, pupa and larva. The results show that morphological characters do not support the postulated monophyly of the eminulus, gregarius, lugens and mendax group combined in unweighted parsimony analyses, and that a constraint based on unique synapomorphies and evidence from molecular data have to be used in order to produce cladograms with reasonable topologies. Four reasons for this are discussed: Few taxa, few characters, choice of secondary outgroup taxa and a high amount of homoplasy in the data set. A hierarchial analysis procedure is used to avoid the numerous question marks in the complete data matrix. In the preferred tree, the traditional species groups within Tanytarsus are kept, and one new species group, the mcmillani group, comprising only old Gondwanan species is erected. The results are compared to other recent studies on chironomid species relationships, and comments are given to the zoogeographical patterns of the species in the eminulus, gregarius, lugens, mcmillani and mendax species groups.

Conflict and congruence between morphological and molecular data: revision of the Merodon constans group (Diptera : Syrphidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Vujić ◽  
Snežana Radenković ◽  
Laura Likov ◽  
Andrijana Andrić ◽  
Marina Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Revision

We revise the Merodon constans species group of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), provide morphological diagnosesand descriptions, as well as an illustrated key and a discussion on the different taxonomic characters used. In total, 15 species were studied, their geographic distributions are presented on maps, and nine new species are described. Two species are redefined and neotypes are designated, lectotypes are designated for five species, and onespeciesis reinstated as valid. Following a detailed study of type material in different entomological collections, the status of several species is revised and three new synonymies are proposed. The M. constans species group was resolved as being monophyletic within the M. albifrons lineage based on molecular analyses using COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Three species morphologically similar to M. constans (Rossi, 1794) but occurring outside its distributional rangewere supported as being valid and distinct species on the basis of molecular data, but they were not distinguishable based on morphological characters. By contrast, continental populations of M. analis Meigen, 1822 could not be separated from Mediterranean M. constans based on differences in COI or 28S rRNA genes. The same molecular markers could not discriminate between two other species pairs. We conclude that these molecular markers only partially resolve species within the M. constans group. Geometric morphometry of wing shape successfully separated M. analis and M. constans, as well as M. spineus Vujić, Šašić Zorić & Likov, sp. nov. in both species and population analyses.

scholarly journals A new species of Meligethes (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae) of the M. lugubris complex from Sardinia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2318 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLO AUDISIO ◽  
ALESSIO DE BIASE ◽  
MARCO TRIZZINO ◽  
EMILIANO MANCINI ◽  
GLORIA ANTONINI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
A New Species

A combined morphological and bionomical analysis was performed to clarify the position of a problematic species of the Meligethes lugubris group from Sardinia and Corsica (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). This species-group is represented by a dozen anthophagous species associated with Lamiaceae, and distributed from North Africa to Japan. The analysis was mainly focused on the specific distinction and formal description of a new species, M. foddaii Audisio, De Biase & Trizzino sp. nov., from Sardinia and Corsica. The species is morphologically scarcely distinguishable from the allopatric M. lugubris Sturm and M. gagathinus Erichson (both widespread in southern Europe). An identification key to Euro-Mediterranean members of the M. lugubris complex is provided. Combined morphological, ecological, phenological, and preliminary molecular data are presented to support the distinction of the new species. The palaeogeographical scenario explaining the likely Plio-Pleistocene differentiation of the three species, which are all associated with the related Lamiaceae genera Mentha and Thymus, is also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals A new species of marsupial frog (Anura; Gastrotheca) from the Cordillera de Colán in northeastern Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 201-218
Author(s):  
Pablo J. Venegas ◽  
Luis A. García-Ayachi ◽  
Lourdes Y. Echevarría ◽  
Daniel J. Paluh ◽  
Juan C. Chávez–Arribasplata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new species of marsupial frog, genus Gastrotheca, using morphological characters and molecular data as lines of evidence. The new species was discovered in the páramo and the ecotone between páramo and humid montane forest of Cordillera de Colán, at elevations between 3136 and 3179 m a.s.l., in northeastern Peru. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by the combination of the following characters: coarsely granular skin on dorsum, a green dorsal coloration without pattern, finger I shorter than finger II, turquoise iris, and a venter without blotches, flecks or dots. Furthermore, we include a detailed osteological description of the new Gastrotheca species based on Micro-CT scanning. Based on our phylogenetic analyses, the new species belongs to the Gastrotheca marsupiata species group, is sister to G. oresbios and closely related to G. psychrophila, G. spectabilis, G. stictopleura and one undescribed species. Additionally, we test for the presence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). No Bd infection was detected for G. gemma sp. nov. specimens but Bd prevalence was detected among syntopic frogs.

Taxonomy of the Oulimnius tuberculatus species group (Coleoptera: Elmidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2670 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEDOR ČIAMPOR JR. ◽  
JÁN KODADA
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

Two mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, 16S RNA) and one nuclear (18S RNA) gene fragments were used to analyse relationships within the Oulimnius tuberculatus species group. The results of molecular data analysis are compared with morphological characters, and the distributional patterns and taxonomic status of recognized taxa are addressed. Based on molecular data, Oulimnius perezi is re-validated as a distinct species, and the discovery of a possible new species from northwest Italy is reported. The possible origins and times of speciation within the species group are discussed.

Review of the Oxynoemacheilus tigris group with the description of two new species from the Euphrates drainage (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4612 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÖRG FREYHOF ◽  
CÜNEYT KAYA ◽  
DAVUT TURAN ◽  
MATTHIAS GEIGER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Lake Van ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Lake Van Basin ◽  
Endorheic Lake

The Oxynoemacheilus tigris species group is reviewed, resulting in the recognition of six species, of which two are described herein as new. Oxynoemacheilus tigris is known from the endorheic Qweik River and the Merziman River, which is a tributary of the western Euphrates. Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus is endemic to the endorheic Lake Van basin and O. hazarensis is endemic to Lake Hazar basin in the upper Tigris drainage. Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki is widespread in the Euphrates drainage. The two undescribed species occur in the Euphrates drainage. Oxynoemacheilus arsaniasus, new species, from the Murat River and the upper Karasu (Muş) River drainage, is distinguished from other species of the O. tigris group by having a bold, black, irregularly-shaped bar at the caudal-fin base, an incomplete lateral line and a scaleless body. Oxynoemacheilus muefiti, new species, from the upper Murat River drainage and a tributary to the Atatürk reservoir, is most similar to O. ercisianus, from which it is distinguished by a more slender body and a shallower dorsal adipose crest. According to our molecular data, the Qweik population of O. tigris is suspected to be introgressed by O. namiri from the Orontes drainage. Oxynoemacheilus erdali is identified as a synonym of O. bergianus as we were unable to find differences between the two species. 

scholarly journals Description of two new sympatric species of the genusLeptolalax(Anura: Megophryidae) from western Yunnan of China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Huan Yang ◽  
Zhao-Chi Zeng ◽  
Ying-Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Skin Texture ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The Asian leaf litter toads of the genusLeptolalaxrepresent a highly diverse species group and currently contain 53 recognized species. During herpetological surveys in Yingjiang County, western Yunnan of China, we collected series ofLeptolalaxspecimens from an isolated small fragment of montane evergreen forest. Subsequent study based on acoustic, morphological and molecular data reveals that there were three different species among the specimens sampled: while one of them belongs toLeptolalax ventripunctataus, the other two species represent unknown taxa and are described herein:Leptolalax purpurussp. nov.andLeptolalax yingjiangensissp. nov. The two new species can be distinguished from other congeners by the molecular divergences, acoustic data, and by a combination of morphological characters including: body size, dorsal and ventral patterns, dorsal skin texture, sizes of pectoral and femoral glands, degree of webbing and fringing on the toes and fingers, dorsum coloration and iris coloration in life. Our results further reveal that species diversity of the genusLeptolalaxstill remains highly underestimated and warrants further attention.

Revision of the Hycleus sexmaculatus species group (Coleoptera: Meloidae, Mylabrini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4790 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
SAYEH SERRI ◽  
MARCO A. BOLOGNA ◽  
ALESSANDRA RICCIERI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Detailed List ◽  
Southwest Iran ◽  
New Synonymy

In this study, the blister beetles belonging to the Hycleus sexmaculatus species group are revised. Morphological characters are described and figured for each species and keys to both male and female are provided. Hycleus hayki new species from Southwest Iran is described and the following new synonymies are proposed: Mylabris triangulifera ab. reitterioides Mader 1929 = Hycleus bipunctatus (Olivier, 1811) new synonymy; Mylabris triangulifera ab. bushirensis Mader 1929 = Hycleus bipunctatus (Olivier, 1811) new synonymy; Mylabris javeti Marseul, 1870 = Hycleus colligatus (Redtenbacher, 1850) new synonymy; Mylabris javeti umbilicatus Kaszab, 1958 = Hycleus colligatus (Redtenbacher, 1850) new synonymy; Hycleus amrishi Makhan, 2012 = Hycleus cingulatus (Faldermann, 1837) new synonymy. Additional remarks which rectify previous errors in the identification of the species are provided. The taxonomic positions of Zonabris soumacovi Pic, 1930 and Zonabris sialanus Pic, 1929 are also discussed. Phylogenetic relationships of the species, based on a subset of available species inferred from molecular data are proposed, and some morphologically defined subgroups of species are distinguished with the molecular support. The geographic and ecological distributions of all the species are defined, and a detailed list of localities is provided. The ecological information including phenology, elevation and host plants of the species are summarized in a table. Based on literature records, collections and recently collected data, the distribution of the sexmaculatus species and their biogeographic characteristics are discussed. 

Synonymization of the genus nomen Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 and description of a new genus of woodcreeper (Aves: Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae) with remarks on Articles 67.5 and 70.3 of the Code

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4532 (4) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
MARCOS A. RAPOSO ◽  
ALAIN DUBOIS ◽  
GUY M. KIRWAN ◽  
CLAYDSON PINTO DE ASSIS ◽  
ELIZABETH HÖFLING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Considerable Confusion ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Group D ◽  
Real Type

The polytypic Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) is one of the most complex species-groups of Dendrocolaptidae (Aves: Passeriformes), from both the nomenclatural and morphological standpoints. Firstly, its alpha taxonomy is debatable. Virtually all recent works (e.g. Aleixo 2002; Marantz et al. 2003; del Hoyo & Collar 2016) have recognized just two species in the group—Dendroplex picus and Zimmer’s Woodcreeper Dendroplex kienerii (Des Murs, 1856)—although some of the other described taxa possess singular morphological characters and well-defined ranges somewhat isolated from their geographically closest relatives (e.g. Plain-throated Woodcreeper Dendroplex picirostris Lafresnaye, 1847). Secondly, the correct genus to which to allocate taxa presently included in this group (vide Aleixo 2002) has been controversial. There is a considerable confusion as to which nominal species should be regarded as the type of Dendroplex Swainson, 1827b. Three species are involved in the dispute (Cory & Hellmayr 1925; Peters 1951; Aleixo et al. 2002; Marantz et al. 2003; Aleixo et al. 2007): Oriolus picus J. F. Gmelin, 1788; Dendrocolaptes guttatus M. H. C. Lichtenstein, 1818; and Dendrocolaptes ocellatus Spix, 1824. Here, we re-examine the nomenclatural issue and show that application of the nomen Dendroplex to the clade comprising the species-group D. picus (Aleixo et al. 2007) is based on a misunderstanding of the application of Article 70.3 of the Code (Anon. 1999) and that Dendrocolaptes ocellatus Spix, 1824, is its real type species. Consequently, the genus Dendroplex Swainson, 1827b, must be considered a junior synonym of Xiphorhynchus Swainson, 1827a. Because no generic nomen is currently available for them, we propose a new genus nomen to encompass the species originally described as Oriolus picus J. F. Gmelin, 1788, Dendroplex picirostris Lafresnaye, 1847, and Dendrornis kienerii Des Murs, 1856. 

Phylogeny of the Proteaceae based on atpB and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region sequences

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B. Hoot ◽  
Andrew W. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Pollen Presentation

Parsimony analyses were conducted for 46 genera representing all subfamilies and tribes within Proteaceae using two chloroplast sequences: the gene atpB and the noncoding spacer region between atpB and rbcL. The spacer region was more variable than atpB and provided insertion and deletion data as well as nucleotide substitutions. The atpB and spacer region data sets were highly congruent (as indicated by the partition homogeneity test) and were analysed separately and combined. Both unweighted and weighted character states (3 : 1 correction for transition bias) for the atpB data resulted in very similar strict consensus trees. In addition, the large subfamilies Proteoideae and Grevilleoideae were analysed separately, using appropriate outgroups determined by the analyses with complete sampling. The results from the combination of data were better resolved and supported than the results from each separate data set, although the Grevilleoideae were highly unresolved in all analyses. Most subfamilies in the Proteaceae were essentially monophyletic, but most tribes and subtribes were not. Bellendena is weakly supported as the sister group to all remaining members of the Proteaceae. Monotypic Eidotheoideae is well supported as a member of Proteoideae. Carnarvonioideae and Sphalmioideae are strongly supported as closely allied to the Grevilleoideae, but their positions in relation to this subfamily are unresolved. Other unusual alliances supported by our molecular data are: Isopogon–Adenanthos–Leucadendron–Protea, Petrophile–Aulax, Cardwellia–Euplassa–Gevuina, and Opisthiolepis–Buckinghamia–Grevillea. The tree resulting from the combined data showed limited congruence with morphological characters (flower pairs, stylar pollen presentation, and ovule number). Congruence with chromosome number was minimal, but our tree does support previous hypotheses of multiple aneuploidy and chromosome doubling events. The African and South American genera included in our analysis are dispersed among various clades with taxa from Australia and Asia, suggesting a former Gondwanian distribution for Proteaceae.

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