Effects of Biochar, Plant Density and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Rice in a Tropical Inland Valley Swamp

SUMMARYThe influence of leaf area and inter-plant competition on the growth and yield of a crop of high-yielding dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in central Mexico was studied, using density and thinning treatments. The highest seed yield (4210 kg/ha at 14% moisture) was obtained with the highest density (28·8 plants/m2). Thinning showed that pods/plant was sensitive to inter-plant competition between 36 and 78 days after seeding (first flower at 50 days), but seeds/pod, and especially seed weight, were not sensitive. It is suggested that the close positive relation between yield and leaf area duration derives from the influence of photosynthate supply upon pod number.

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Drip irrigation in coffee crop under different planting densities: Growth and yield in southeastern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v18n11p1116-1123 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 1116-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gleice A. de Assis ◽

Myriane S. Scalco ◽

Rubens J. Guimarães ◽

Alberto Colombo ◽

Anderson W. Dominghetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Soil Water Tension ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Coffee Cultivation ◽

Water Tension

Irrigation associated to reduction on planting spaces between rows and between coffee plants has been a featured practice in coffee cultivation. The objective of the present study was to assess, over a period of five consecutive years, influence of different irrigation management regimes and planting densities on growth and bean yield of Coffea arabica L.. The treatments consisted of four irrigation regimes: climatologic water balance, irrigation when the soil water tension reached values close to 20 and 60 kPa; and a control that was not irrigated. The treatments were distributed randomly in five planting densities: 2,500, 3,333, 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 plants ha-1. A split-plot in randomized block design was used with four replications. Irrigation promoted better growth of coffee plants and increased yield that varied in function of the plant density per area. For densities from 10,000 to 20,000 plants ha-1, regardless of the used irrigation management, mean yield increases were over 49.6% compared to the non-irrigated crop.

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Growth and yield of autumn-sown sugar beet: Effects of sowing time, plant density and cultivar

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/0378-4290(86)90042-0 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.E. Castillo Garcia ◽

L. Lopez Bellido

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Sowing Time

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Effect of sowing density and nitrogen top-dress fertilisation on growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in a Mediterranean environment: first results

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2015.640 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 163 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rocco Bochicchio ◽

Roberta Rossi ◽

Rosanna Labella ◽

Giovanni Bitella ◽

Michele Perniola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Italy ◽

Plant Density ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Area Index ◽

First Results ◽

Salvia Hispanica L ◽

Set Up

The demand for sources of nutraceuticals has led to the rediscovery and diffusion of traditional crops such as chia (Salvia hispanica L.), whose leaves and fruits are rich in W3 fatty acids and anti-oxidants. Chia originates in Central America but it is rapidly expanding to new areas. A field experiment conducted at Atella in Basilicata (Southern Italy) was set up to test the response of chia to N top-dress fertilisation (0 and 20 kg ha–1) and to sowing density (D1=125, D2=25, D3=8 and D4=4 plants m–2) in a split-plot design with three replications. First results show maximum leaf area index values up to 7.1 and fresh vegetative biomass production at early flowering ranging between 50.87 (D4) and 59.71 (D1) t ha–1. Yield increased with plant density: a significantly (P<0.01) higher production (398 kg ha–1) was reached in D1. N top-dressing had a detrimental effect on yield and corresponded to higher lodging and lower maturation percentage of seeds, though non-significant. Based on our first results it seems worthwhile to continue agronomical trials for chia in herbaceous systems of southern Italy for leaf production based on traditional genotypes, while fruit production might be pursued by adopting high sowing density and the search for longer-day genotypes.

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The effect of plant spacing, nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on the appearance of symptoms and spread of virus yellows in sugar-beet crops

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960005022x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. D. Heathcote

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Plant Density ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Virus Diseases ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Virus Incidence ◽

Beet Yellows Virus ◽

Yellowing Virus

SUMMARYSatisfactory comparisons of the incidence of virus yellows in sugar-beet fields or experimental plots with different amounts of N fertilizer can be made from visual symptoms early in the growing season, but not later because dressings of N fertilizer may then mask or delay the appearance of symptoms. Sugar-beet plants in the field infected with beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) are less likely to show symptoms than those with beet yellows virus (BYV), and plants with BMYV in the glasshouse often fail to show clear symptoms.Crop yield will be affected by the spread of viruses and colonization of plants by aphids, which in turn are affected by such factors as plant density, nitrogen supply and irrigation. The presence or absence of virus diseases and of aphids should therefore be considered during studies on the effects of these agronomic factors on the growth and yield of sugar beet. Where ample rather than little N fertilizer is used a small increase in the percentage of plants infected with yellows can be expected, and aphids will be more numerous, if plants are not treated with insecticide. Irrigation may also increase yellows incidence (e.g. from 16% to 20% of plants at Broom's Barn in 1967), but any loss of potential yield from increased virus incidence will be small compared with that gained from the use of fertilizer or irrigation. However, plant density can appreciably affect yellows incidence. For example, at Broom's Barn in 1972, 51% of plants in crops with 17500 plants/ha contracted BMYV but only 15 % of plants in crops with 126500 plants/ha. The less dense crop lost 3–4% more of its potential yield due to yellows than the dense crop; this represents a difference due to virus of about 0·25 t sugar/ha.

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Effects of Hill Spacing, Number of Plants Per Hill and Nitrogen Supply on Growth and Yield of Rice

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700100456 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 55-66

Author(s):

B. A. C. Enyi

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Percentage Increase ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Higher Plant ◽

High Plant Density ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Number Of Shoots

SummaryIn a factorial experiment with two spacings, four numbers of seedlings per hill, and two levels of nitrogen the highest numbers of shoots were produced in high nitrogen and high plant density plots. Increasing the number of seedlings per hill led to a rise in the number of shoots per plot and this was more pronounced in high than in low plant densities. Significant differences in shoot number between high and low nitrogen plots occurred only at the higher plant density, but high nitrogen and wide spacing led to an increase in the number of shoots per hill and per plant. Increasing the number of seedlings per hill resulted in an increase in the number of shoots per hill but a decrease in the number of shoots per plant. The effects of treatments on leaf blade area at ear emergence and on grain yields were similar to those on shoot number. The percentage increase in the yield of grain per unit area due to increasing the number of seedlings to three and four were 12 and 9 respectively. The percentage shoot mortality was greater in plots with low than with high plant density. Plants were higher in high nitrogen plots, especially at high plant density, while high nitrogen supply and four seedlings per hill increased the number of days from seeding to ear emergence. The former treatment also increased ear length. Low plant density and three seedlings per hill increased the ear to shoot dry weight ratio. The best combination of treatments for high grain yield was high nitrogen, 15 cm x 15 cm spacing, and four seedlings per hill.

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Effects of high plant populations on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698006091 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

J. E. LEACH ◽

H. J. STEVENSON ◽

A. J. RAINBOW ◽

L. A. MULLEN

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Plant Density ◽

High Density ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Rothamsted Experimental Station ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Very High

The effects of plant density on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) were examined in a series of five multifactorial experiments at Rothamsted Experimental Station between 1984 and 1989. Plant densities, manipulated by changing the seed rate and row spacing, or because of overwinter losses, ranged from 13·5 to 372 plants/m2. Normalized yields for the multifactorial plots increased with densities up to 50–60 plants/m2. In very high density plots in 1987/88, yield decreased as density increased >150 plants/m2. Plants grown at high density had fewer pod-bearing branches per plant but produced more branches/m2. Branch dry matter (DM) per plant was decreased by 42%, the number of fertile pods per plant and pod DM/plant by 37%. There was no effect of density on the number or DM of pods/m2. Over 74% of the fertile pods were carried on the terminal and uppermost branches of plants grown at high density in 1987/88 compared with only 34% in plants grown at low density in 1988/89. Seed DM/plant decreased with increase in density but seed size (1000-seed weight) increased. There was no effect of density on seed glucosinolate or oil contents.

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Influence of size of achenes sown and depth of sowing on growth and yield of dryland oilseed sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) on the Darling Downs

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9770489 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 17 (86) ◽

pp. 489 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

BJ Radford

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Plant Density ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Hypocotyl Length ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Delayed Emergence ◽

Development Processes ◽

Mean Size ◽

Emergence Percentage

Large achenes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) exhibited a slightly higher germination percentage and greater mean hypocotyl length than small achenes, resulting in a higher field emergence percentage at sowing depths exceeding 6 cm. Size of achenes sown had no effect on achene yield, provided plant populations from large and small achenes were equal. Plants grown from small achenes produced achenes of higher kernel percentage in both seasons, resulting in higher protein percentage in one season and higher oil percentage in the other. Performance of ungraded achenes was equal to that of graded achenes of the same mean size. Deep sowing reduced emergence percentage considerably, especially when small achenes were sown, but the effect of deep sowing on growth and yield was confounded with effects of reduced plant density (because of reduced emergence) and effects of delayed emergence causing slightly later timing of growth and development processes in relation to environmental factors.

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