Comparison of Cytotoxicity of Pristine and Covalently Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are new materials of emerging technological importance. As SWCNT are introduced into the life cycle of commercial products, their effects on human health and environment should be addressed. We demonstrated that pharyngeal aspiration of SWCNT elicited unusual pulmonary effects in C57BL/6 mice that combined a robust but acute inflammation with early onset yet progressive fibrosis and granulomas. A dose-dependent increase in the protein, LDH, and γ-glutamyl transferase activities in bronchoalveolar lavage were found along with accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (oxidative biomarker) and depletion of glutathione in lungs. An early neutrophils accumulation ( day 1), followed by lymphocyte ( day 3) and macrophage ( day 7) influx, was accompanied by early elevation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β; day 1) followed by fibrogenic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (peaked on day 7). A rapid progressive fibrosis found in mice exhibited two distinct morphologies: 1) SWCNT-induced granulomas mainly associated with hypertrophied epithelial cells surrounding SWCNT aggregates and 2) diffuse interstitial fibrosis and alveolar wall thickening likely associated with dispersed SWCNT. In vitro exposure of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages to SWCNT triggered TGF-β1 production similarly to zymosan but generated less TNF-α and IL-1β. SWCNT did not cause superoxide or NO·production, active SWCNT engulfment, or apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Functional respiratory deficiencies and decreased bacterial clearance ( Listeria monocytogenes) were found in mice treated with SWCNT. Equal doses of ultrafine carbon black particles or fine crystalline silica (SiO2) did not induce granulomas or alveolar wall thickening and caused a significantly weaker pulmonary inflammation and damage.

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Comparison of cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of pristine and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.079 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 219-220 ◽

pp. 203-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Ting Zhang ◽

Meng Tang ◽

Lu Kong ◽

Han Li ◽

Tao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Mouse Macrophages ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Direct and indirect effects of single walled carbon nanotubes on RAW 264.7 macrophages: Role of iron

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.02.001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 165 (1) ◽

pp. 88-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 420

Author(s):

V.E. Kagan ◽

Y.Y. Tyurina ◽

V.A. Tyurin ◽

N.V. Konduru ◽

A.I. Potapovich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Single Walled Carbon ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Scavenger Receptor A1 Mediates the Uptake of Carboxylated and Pristine Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Coated with Bovine Serum Albumin

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11020539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 539

Author(s):

Mai T. Huynh ◽

Carole Mikoryak ◽

Paul Pantano ◽

Rockford Draper

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Bovine Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Cho Cells ◽

Bovine Serum ◽

Scavenger Receptor ◽

Chinese Hamster ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Previously, we noted that carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cMWNTs) coated with Pluronic® F-108 (PF108) bound to and were accumulated by macrophages, but that pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (pMWNTs) coated with PF108 were not (Wang et al., Nanotoxicology2018, 12, 677). Subsequent studies with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that overexpressed scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1) and with macrophages derived from mice knocked out for SR-A1 provided evidence that SR-A1 was a receptor of PF108-cMWNTs (Wang et al., Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020, 10, 2417). Herein, we replaced the PF108 coat with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to investigate how a BSA corona affected the interaction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with cells. Both BSA-coated cMWNTs and pMWNTs bound to and were accumulated by RAW 264.7 macrophages, although the cells bound two times more BSA-coated cMWNT than pMWNTs. RAW 264.7 cells that were deleted for SR-A1 using CRISPR-Cas9 technology had markedly reduced binding and accumulation of both BSA-coated cMWNTs and pMWNTs, suggesting that SR-A1 was responsible for the uptake of both MWNT types. Moreover, CHO cells that ectopically expressed SR-A1 accumulated both MWNT types, whereas wild-type CHO cells did not. One model to explain these results is that SR-A1 can interact with two structural features of BSA-coated cMWNTs, one inherent to the oxidized nanotubes (such as COOH and other oxidized groups) and the other provided by the BSA corona; whereas SR-A1 only interacts with the BSA corona of BSA-pMWNTs.

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