Causes of Late Twentieth-Century Trends in New Zealand Precipitation

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline C. Ummenhofer ◽  
Alexander Sen Gupta ◽  
Matthew H. England
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Climate Modes ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale Atmospheric Circulation

Abstract Late twentieth-century trends in New Zealand precipitation are examined using observations and reanalysis data for the period 1979–2006. One of the aims of this study is to investigate the link between these trends and recent changes in the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. The contributions from changes in Southern Hemisphere climate modes, particularly the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the southern annular mode (SAM), are quantified for the austral summer season, December–February (DJF). Increasingly drier conditions over much of New Zealand can be partially explained by the SAM and ENSO. Especially over wide parts of the North Island and western regions of the South Island, the SAM potentially contributes up to 80% and 20%–50% to the overall decline in DJF precipitation, respectively. Over the North Island, the contribution of the SAM and ENSO to precipitation trends is of the same sign. In contrast, over the southwest of the South Island the two climate modes act in the opposite sense, though the effect of the SAM seems to dominate there during austral summer. The leading modes of variability in summertime precipitation over New Zealand are linked to the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The two dominant modes, explaining 64% and 9% of the overall DJF precipitation variability respectively, can be understood as local manifestations of the large-scale climate variability associated with the SAM and ENSO.

scholarly journals Agreement in late twentieth century Southern Hemisphere stratospheric temperature trends in observations and CCMVal-2, CMIP3, and CMIP5 models

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Young ◽  
Amy H. Butler ◽  
Natalia Calvo ◽  
Leopold Haimberger ◽  
Paul J. Kushner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

scholarly journals New treaty, new tradition: reconciling New Zealand and Māori Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Rowse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
New Tradition

According to Carwyn Jones, New Zealand’s late twentieth century return to the Treaty of Waitangi is both an opportunity for tikanga Māori and a threat to it.

“He Was Beautiful”

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-56
Author(s):  
Paul M. Renfro
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
News Media ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Sexual Motives ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Professional Photographer ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Chapter 1 concentrates on the disappearance of six-year-old Etan Patz in Manhattan in May 1979. It shows how pictures of Patz—taken by his father, a professional photographer, and disseminated around New York City and beyond—inaugurated a new cultural form called the image of endangered childhood. This form foregrounded white childhood innocence and assumed sexual overtones, which shaped the ascendant child safety movement and the news media’s coverage of it. Specifically, observers more readily assigned sexual motives to missing child cases beginning in the late twentieth century. In the Patz case, the racialized and sexualized image of endangered childhood led investigators, activists, and the news media to (wrongly) implicate the North American Man/Boy Love Association in Etan’s abduction. The case thus revealed key fault lines in the LGBTQ and feminist movements, and in late twentieth-century American politics more broadly, while setting the foundation for the child safety regime.

The Origins of Late-Twentieth-Century Variations in the Large-Scale North Atlantic Circulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 3222-3247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Yeager ◽  
Gokhan Danabasoglu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Overturning Circulation ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Abstract Surface forcing perturbation experiments are examined to identify the key forcing elements associated with late-twentieth-century interannual-to-decadal Atlantic circulation variability as simulated in an ocean–sea ice hindcast configuration of the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). Buoyancy forcing accounts for most of the decadal variability in both the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the subpolar gyre circulation, and the key drivers of these basin-scale circulation changes are found to be the turbulent buoyancy fluxes: evaporation as well as the latent and sensible heat fluxes. These three fluxes account for almost all of the decadal AMOC variability in the North Atlantic, even when applied only over the Labrador Sea region. Year-to-year changes in surface momentum forcing explain most of the interannual AMOC variability at all latitudes as well as most of the decadal variability south of the equator. The observed strengthening of Southern Ocean westerly winds accounts for much of the simulated AMOC variability between 30°S and the equator but very little of the recent AMOC change in the North Atlantic. Ultimately, the strengthening of the North Atlantic overturning circulation between the 1970s and 1990s, which contributed to a pronounced SST increase at subpolar latitudes, is explained almost entirely by trends in the atmospheric surface state over the Labrador Sea.

scholarly journals Paulus dalam Konflik Antarumat Beragama: Membaca Konflik di Maluku Utara Berdasarkan Sikap Nasionalisme Paulus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Demianus Nataniel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Roman Imperialism ◽  
The North ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious War

The imagination reflected in this article is what if Paul as a nationalist Jew living in the Roman imperium milieu became part of the North Maluku people in the late twentieth century. What would he likely have done when recognizing that there were signs that the conflict involving Muslims and Christians tended to develop into a religious war? Based on the discourses among scholars in the New Perspectives on Paul, arguing that Paul’sletters were part of his rhethoric againts his opponents including Roman imperialism, this article shows that as an educated leader, he was trying hard to prevent a religious war form occuring. Such an imagining is helpful for reflecting on the context of post-conflict North Maluku, where, as Christopher Duncan assumes, there has never been a truly reconciliation. 

scholarly journals Relative Importance of the Austral Summer and Autumn SAM in Modulating Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Autumn SST*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (20) ◽  
pp. 8003-8020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zheng ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
Juan Feng ◽  
Yanjie Li ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Seasonal Influence ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Sst Variability ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere is mainly determined by physical processes at the air–sea interface associated with the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM). Both the austral summer [December–February (DJF)] and autumn [March–May (MAM)] SAM can imprint their signals on southern extratropical MAM SST. Here three approaches are employed to determine the relative importance of the DJF and MAM SAM in modulating southern extratropical MAM SST: a simple lead–lag correlation without SST decomposition, a decomposition method based on linear regression, and a new approach named the persistent signal decomposition (PSD). The results show that the DJF SAM plays a more important role than the MAM SAM in driving MAM large-scale southern extratropical SST anomalies, implying that MAM SST anomalies caused by the preceding DJF SAM would not be largely perturbed by the MAM SAM, and thus the DJF SAM can be regarded as an effective predictor for the following season’s climate. The PSD also provides an estimation of the contribution of atmospheric persistence and SST persistence toward cross-seasonal influence of the DJF SAM on MAM southern extratropical SST. The results show that this cross-seasonal influence is mainly caused by the SST persistence. The detection of the relative importance of the preceding and contemporaneous atmospheric signal in driving SSTA contributes to the understanding of air–sea interactions and helps to obtain better SST-based statistical predictions. The PSD has the potential to be employed in the North Atlantic and other extratropical oceans.

Luddism

Dismantlings ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Matt Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Edouard Glissant ◽  
Audre Lorde ◽  
The World ◽  
Fiction Writers ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter explains why Luddism is a metaphor that threads through the Long Seventies in the work of poets, activists, and thinkers, each of whom applies literature to the task of dismantling the technocentric world. It includes Édouard Glissant who offers an optimistic promise of literature's power to break systems, writing poetry that can “thicken” the “machine that the world is.” Audre Lorde is more skeptical, opening the possibility that even literature may be one among the “master's tools” that are inapposite to the task of dismantling. Joanna Russ is more skeptical still, in her insistence that scholars and science-fiction writers should “give up talking about technology” and W.S. Merwin imagines an intelligent machine that is fated to be relinquished. Such literary and theoretical practices do not oppose technology as such, but instead oppose large-scale forms of exploitation by dismantling the machines at their disposal. The chapter also talks about Epistemological Luddism, a specific form of Luddism that provides a critical defense against late-twentieth century technological politics and a dedramatization of the false choice for or against technology.

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