scholarly journals Greenland Sea Surface Temperature Change and Accompanying Changes in the Northern Hemispheric Climate

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 8576-8596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mototaka Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Surface Temperature Change ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mean State

Abstract A sudden change in the reference Greenland Sea surface temperature (GSST) in 1979 is identified. It is found to be a part of complex changes in the northern North Atlantic seas. The GSST change, in particular, resulted in a major change in the near-surface baroclinicity in the region, in addition to a large change in the net surface heat flux at the air–sea boundary over the Greenland Sea. The differences in the atmospheric mean state between two periods, one before and the other after the GSST change in the late 1970s, resemble those between the high and low North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index states. In addition to the changes in the mean state, major changes in the interannual variability of the atmosphere are found. A particularly interesting change in the interannual variability is found in the relationship between July GSST and the NAO phase in the following February. There is a strong correlation between July GSST and the NAO phase in the following February before the late 1970s but not at all after the late 1970s. The characteristics of these changes suggest that they may be a part of the high-frequency details of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation.

scholarly journals Coupled Interannual Variability of Wind and Sea Surface Temperature in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (14) ◽  
pp. 4263-4280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geidy Rodriguez-Vera ◽  
Rosario Romero-Centeno ◽  
Christopher L. Castro ◽  
Víctor Mendoza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Coupled Modes ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Coupled Variability

Abstract This work describes dominant patterns of coupled interannual variability of the 10-m wind and sea surface temperature in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (CS&GM) during the period 1982–2016. Using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) between the monthly mean anomalies of these fields, four coupled variability modes are identified: the dipole (March–April), transition (May–June), interocean (July–October), and meridional-wind (November–February) modes. Results show that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences almost all the CS&GM coupled modes, except the transition mode, and that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in February has a strong negative correlation with the dipole and transition modes. The antisymmetric relationships found between the dipole mode and the NAO and ENSO indices confirm previous evidence about the competing remote forcings of both teleconnection patterns on the tropical North Atlantic variability. Precipitation in the CS and adjacent oceanic and land areas is sensitive to the wind–SST coupled variability modes from June to October. These modes seem to be strongly related to the interannual variability of the midsummer drought and the meridional migration of the intertropical convergence zone in the eastern Pacific. These findings may eventually lead to improving seasonal predictability in the CS&GM and surrounding land areas.

scholarly journals Coupled Interannual Variability of Wind and Sea Surface Temperature in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geidy Rodríguez-Vera ◽  
Rosario Romero-Centeno ◽  
Christopher L. Castro ◽  
Víctor Mendoza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Coupled Modes ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Coupled Variability

<p>This work describes dominant patterns of coupled interannual variability of the 10-m wind and sea surface temperature in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (CS&GM) during the period 1982–2016. Using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) between the monthly mean anomalies of these fields, four coupled variability modes are identified: the dipole (March–April), transition (May–June), interocean (July–October), and meridional-wind (November–February) modes. Results show that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences almost all the CS&GM coupled modes, except the transition mode, and that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in February has a strong negative correlation with the dipole and transition modes. The antisymmetric relationships found between the dipole mode and the NAO and ENSO indices confirm previous evidence about the competing remote forcings of both teleconnection patterns on the tropical North Atlantic variability. Precipitation in the CS and adjacent oceanic and land areas is sensitive to the wind–SST coupled variability modes from June to October. These modes seem to be strongly related to the interannual variability of the midsummer drought and the meridional migration of the intertropical convergence zone in the eastern Pacific. These findings may eventually lead to improving seasonal predictability in the CS&GM and surrounding land areas.</p>

scholarly journals Atmosphere–ocean interactions in the Greenland Sea during solar cycles 23–24, 2002–2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-134
Author(s):  
P. E. Binns
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Surface Temperature Field

Abstract. Relationships between solar activity and climate in the North Atlantic region have long been reported and, more recently, mechanisms have been proposed to explain these. Normally such relationships are tested over decadal time scales. Here, daily sea surface temperature fields bridging the period of exceptionally low solar activity between solar cycles 23 and 24 have been analysed. The day-to-day variability of the fields has been measured and the fields have been classified, using cluster analysis. The main water masses are clearly expressed, together with detail of their interactions. Three features relate to the level of solar activity. First, there is a statistically significant difference in the day-to-day variability of the sea surface temperature field between the period of lowest solar activity and the remaining periods. Second, during the transition from summer to winter, there are systematic, inter-annual changes in the day-to-day variability of the sea surface temperature field. Third, the forms of the late summer temperature fields exhibit symmetry about the years of lowest solar activity. These features are attributable to variability in the passage of weather systems. The influence on North Atlantic surface climate of variations in the solar ultraviolet band acting through the stratosphere has been reported in a number of studies. This provides a credible mechanism for solar activity influencing sea surface temperatures in the Greenland Sea.

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