scholarly journals Summer Water Vapor Sources in Northeast Asia and East Siberia Revealed by a Moisture-Tracing Atmospheric Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 3883-3899
Author(s):  
Jinling Piao ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Shangfeng Chen ◽  
Hainan Gong ◽  
Qiong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

AbstractPrevious studies found a seesaw pattern of summer precipitation between northeast Asia and east Siberia on an interannual time scale, which is associated with an eastward-propagating atmospheric wave train over Eurasia and corresponding water vapor transport circulations. Using a general circulation model with an embedded water-tagging module, the main water vapor sources of the two regions, as well as the relative contributions of each source region to the total precipitation for both the climatological mean and interdecadal variation, are further compared in this study. The model simulation results show that local evaporation, the Pacific Ocean, and East Asia are the dominant moisture sources for northeast Asian precipitation. In contrast, for east Siberia, moisture mainly originates from the Pacific Ocean, northeast Asia, west Siberia, and local evaporation. This suggests that the local evaporation and Pacific Ocean are both crucial to the moisture supply of the two regions, implying the important roles of the land processes and adjacent oceanic sources. In addition, northeast Asia appears to be the major moisture source for east Siberia, whereas east Siberia has weak impacts on the moisture input for northeast Asia. Further analysis finds that the model simulation can capture interdecadal changes in summer precipitation over the two regions around the late 1990s. This interdecadal change is mainly manifested in the moisture supplies from the Pacific Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, and east Siberia, which suggests a link with the circulation anomalies under the combined impacts of the Pacific decadal oscillation and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Intense Poleward Water Vapor Transports into High Latitudes of Western North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1732-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Roberge ◽  
John R. Gyakum ◽  
Eyad H. Atallah
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
North America ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Subtropical Oceans ◽  
Pineapple Express

Abstract Significant cool season precipitation along the western coast of North America is often associated with intense water vapor transport (IWVT) from the Pacific Ocean during favorable synoptic-scale flow regimes. These relatively narrow and intense regions of water vapor transport can originate in either the tropical or subtropical oceans, and sometimes have been referred to as Pineapple Express events in previous literature when originating near Hawaii. However, the focus of this paper will be on diagnosing the synoptic-scale signatures of all significant water vapor transport events associated with poleward moisture transport impacting the western coast of Canada, regardless of the exact points of origin of the associated atmospheric river. A trajectory analysis is used to partition the events as a means of creating coherent and meaningful synoptic-scale composites. The results indicate that these IWVT events can be clustered by the general area of origin of the majority of the saturated parcels impacting British Columbia and the Yukon Territories. IWVT events associated with more zonal trajectories are characterized by a strong and mature Aleutian low, whereas IWVT events associated with more meridional trajectories are often characterized by an anticyclone situated along the California or Oregon coastline, and a relatively mature poleward-traveling cyclone, commonly originating in the central North Pacific.

scholarly journals Artificial Radionuclides Database in the Pacific Ocean: HAM Database

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 200-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Aoyama ◽  
Katsumi Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Marginal Seas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The database “Historical Artificial Radionuclides in the Pacific Ocean and its Marginal Seas”, or HAM database, has been created. The database includes90Sr,137Cs, and239,240Pu concentration data from the seawater of the Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas with some measurements from the sea surface to the bottom. The data in the HAM database were collected from about 90 literature citations, which include published papers; annual reports by the Hydrographic Department, Maritime Safety Agency, Japan; and unpublished data provided by individuals. The data of concentrations of90Sr,137Cs, and239,240Pu have been accumulating since 1957–1998. The present HAM database includes 7737 records for137Cs concentration data, 3972 records for90Sr concentration data, and 2666 records for239,240Pu concentration data. The spatial variation of sampling stations in the HAM database is heterogeneous, namely, more than 80% of the data for each radionuclide is from the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, while a relatively small portion of data is from the South Pacific. This HAM database will allow us to use these radionuclides as significant chemical tracers for oceanographic study as well as the assessment of environmental affects of anthropogenic radionuclides for these 5 decades. Furthermore, these radionuclides can be used to verify the oceanic general circulation models in the time scale of several decades.

The possible formation mechanism of the Subtropical Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichun Zhang ◽  
huijie Xue
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Luzon Strait ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Subtropical Countercurrent ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The North Pacific

<p>            Based on a nonlinear reduced gravity model simulation, formation cause of Subtropical Countercurrent(STCC) in the Pacific Ocean are investigated. The model reproduces well the characteristics of circulation of thermocline in the North pacific Ocean. The results suggest that the variation of the west boundary topography, especially the witdh of the luzon strait, play a key role on the formationg of STCC as well as the wind sress meridional gradient. When the witdh of the luzon strait gradually decrease, the STCC increase . the model results also reveal that the wind stress dipole curl of west ot the hawaii islands is key to the HLCC formation.</p>

scholarly journals An Indo-Pacific see-saw wobbles the Earth at intraseasonal timescales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Afroosa ◽  
B Rohith ◽  
Arya Paul ◽  
Fabien Durand ◽  
Romain Bourdallé-Badie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Pacific Basin ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Abstract Strong large-scale winds can relay their energy to the ocean bottom and elicit an almost immediate intraseasonal barotropic (depth independent) response in the ocean. The intense winds associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), over the tropical interface between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean (popularly known as Maritime Continent) generate significant basin-wide intraseasonal barotropic sea level variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. Here we show, using an ocean general circulation model and a network of in-situ bottom pressure recorders, that the concerted barotropic response of the Indian and the Pacific Ocean to these winds leads to an intraseasonal see-saw of oceanic mass in the Indo-Pacific basin. This global-scale mass shift is unexpectedly fast, as we show that the mass field of the entire Indo-Pacific basin is dynamically adjusted to MJO in a few days. We also explain how this near-global-scale MJO-induced oceanic phenomenon is the first signature from a climate mode that can be isolated into the Earth polar axis motion, in particular during the strong see-saw of early 2013.

Estimation of 137Cs inventories by a global ocean general circulation model for the global database interpolation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Tsumune ◽  
Frank Bryan ◽  
Keith Lindsay ◽  
kazuhiro Misumi ◽  
Takaki Tsubono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Global Fallout ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ocean General Circulation ◽  
The One

<p>Artificial radionuclide <sup>137</sup>Cs has been supplied into the ocean by global fallout due to atmospheric nuclear weapons tests since 1945, releases from reprocessing plants since 1952, and most recently by fallout and discharge due to the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F NPP) accident since 2011.<sup>137</sup>Cs activities measured for scientific purposes as well as environmental health and safety monitoring have been summarized in a historical database by IAEA. The spatio-temporal density of the observations varies widely, therefore simulation by an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) can be helpful in the interpretation of these observations. We used the Parallel Ocean Program version 2 (POP2) of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). The horizontal resolution is 1.125 degrees in longitude and 0.28 to 0.54 degrees in latitude. The simulation period was from 1945 to 2030, and the atmospheric conditions were forced to cycle through repeating normal years. The purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of the release from the reprocessing plants on the distribution of <sup>137</sup>Cs activity by global fallout in the Atlantic Ocean, and the effect of the release derived from the 1F NPP accident on the one by global fallout in the Pacific Ocean.</p><p>The simulated <sup>137</sup>Cs activities were in good agreement with the observed data in the database in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The simulated <sup>137</sup>Cs activity immediately after each release event in the North Pacific were inconsistent with the observed one because of the inadequate reproduction of the Kuroshio Current in this quasi-resolution ocean model. However, the influence of the dilution effect is expected to become smaller as the time after the release increases. The influence of the <sup>137</sup>Cs activity by release from the reprocessing plant on the one by global fallout in the Atlantic Ocean is limited to the northeast coast of the European continent and the Marginal Seas. It was also suggested that <sup>137</sup>Cs activity by global fallout has made detection difficult since the 1990s.The influence of the <sup>137</sup>Cs activity by the 1F NPP on the one by global fallout was found to be broadened by the Kuroshio extension area and extended to the California coast. This distribution was similar to that of the one by global fallout. However, there are few observed data off the California coast after 2011. It was also suggested that <sup>137</sup>Cs activity by global fallout has made detection difficult since the 2020 in the Pacific Ocean.</p><p>Even after 2020, it is still possible to detect <sup>137</sup>Cs activity by global fallout in the global ocean. The difference in the vertical distribution between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans reflects the ocean circulation, which is useful for the validation of ocean general circulation models. There is still room for improvement in setting the input conditions to the ocean for each event.</p>

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