scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Criminal Justice Involvement and Victimization Among Homeless Adults With Mental Illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1288-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanie Edalati ◽  
Tonia L. Nicholls ◽  
Anne G. Crocker ◽  
Laurence Roy ◽  
Julian M. Somers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
Homeless Adults ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Adults With Mental Illness

scholarly journals Associations between adverse childhood experiences and acquired brain injury, including traumatic brain injuries, among adults: 2014 BRFSS North Carolina

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie S Guinn ◽  
Katie A Ports ◽  
Derek C Ford ◽  
Matt Breiding ◽  
Melissa T Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can negatively affect lifelong health and opportunity. Acquired brain injury (ABI), which includes traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as other causes of brain injury, is a health condition that affects millions annually. The present study uses data from the 2014 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the relationship between ACEs and ABI. The study sample included 3454 participants who completed questions on both ABI and ACEs. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between ACEs and ABI as well as ACEs and TBI. Sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse, household mental illness and household substance abuse were significantly associated with ABI after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender and employment. Compared with those reporting no ACEs, individuals reporting three ACEs had 2.55 times the odds of having experienced an ABI; individuals reporting four or more ACEs had 3.51 times the odds of having experienced an ABI. Examining TBI separately, those who experienced sexual abuse, physical abuse, household mental illness and had incarcerated household members in childhood had greater odds of reported TBI, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender and income. Respondents reporting three ACEs (AOR=4.16, 95% CI (1.47 to 11.76)) and four or more ACEs (AOR=3.39, 95% CI (1.45 to 7.90)) had significantly greater odds of reporting TBI than respondents with zero ACEs. Prevention of early adversity may reduce the incidence of ABI; however, additional research is required to elucidate the potential pathways from ACEs to ABI, and vice versa.

scholarly journals The adverse childhood experiences questionnaire: Two decades of research on childhood trauma as a primary cause of adult mental illness, addiction, and medical diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1581447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Zarse ◽  
Mallory R. Neff ◽  
Rachel Yoder ◽  
Leslie Hulvershorn ◽  
Joanna E. Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Examining the Relationships between Cumulative Childhood Adversity and the Risk of Criminal Justice Involvement and Victimization among Homeless Adults with Mental Illnesses after Receiving Housing First Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-417
Author(s):  
Hanie Edalati ◽  
Tonia L. Nicholls ◽  
Christian G. Schütz ◽  
Julian M. Somers ◽  
Jino Distasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Housing First ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
Homeless Adults ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with increased risk of criminal justice involvement and repeated victimization among homeless individuals. This study aimed to (1) examine whether the relationship between cumulative ACE score and odds of experiencing criminal justice involvement and victimization remains significant over time after receiving the Housing First (HF) intervention and (2) investigate the moderating effect of cumulative ACE score on the effectiveness of the HF intervention on the likelihood of experiencing these outcomes among homeless individuals with mental illnesses. Methods: We used longitudinal data over the 2-year follow-up period from the At Home/ Chez Soi demonstration project that provided HF versus treatment as usual (TAU) to homeless adults with mental illness in five Canadian cities (N = 1,888). Results: In all 4 follow-up time points, the relationship between cumulative ACE score and both outcomes remained significant, regardless of study arm (HF vs. TAU) and other confounding factors. However, cumulative ACE score did not moderate intervention effects on odds of experiencing either outcome, suggesting that the effectiveness of HF versus TAU, with regard to the odds of being victimized or criminal justice involvement, did not differ by cumulative ACE scores over the course of study. Conclusions: Findings suggest that providing services for homeless individuals with mental illness should be trauma informed and include specialized treatment strategies targeting the experience of ACEs and trauma to improve their treatment outcomes. An intensive approach is required to directly address the problem of criminal justice involvement and victimization in these individuals.

scholarly journals Health and financial burden of adverse childhood experiences in England and Wales: a combined primary data study of five surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e036374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hughes ◽  
Kat Ford ◽  
Rajendra Kadel ◽  
Catherine A Sharp ◽  
Mark A Bellis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Anxiety Depression

ObjectiveTo estimate the health and financial burden of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in England and Wales.DesignThe study combined data from five randomly stratified cross-sectional ACE studies. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for major health risks and causes of ill health and applied to disability adjusted life years (DALYs), with financial costs estimated using a modified human capital method.SettingHouseholds in England and Wales.Participants15 285 residents aged 18–69.Outcome measuresThe outcome measures were PAFs for single (1 ACE) and multiple (2–3 and ≥4 ACEs) ACE exposure categories for four health risks (smoking, alcohol use, drug use, high body mass index) and nine causes of ill health (cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, respiratory disease, stroke, violence, anxiety, depression, other mental illness); and annual estimated DALYs and financial costs attributable to ACEs.ResultsCumulative relationships were found between ACEs and risks of all outcomes. For health risks, PAFs for ACEs were highest for drug use (Wales 58.8%, England 52.6%), although ACE-attributable smoking had the highest estimated costs (England and Wales, £7.8 billion). For causes of ill health, PAFs for ACEs were highest for violence (Wales 48.9%, England 43.4%) and mental illness (ranging from 29.1% for anxiety in England to 49.7% for other mental illness in Wales). The greatest ACE-attributable costs were for mental illness (anxiety, depression and other mental illness; England and Wales, £11.2 billion) and cancer (£7.9 billion). Across all outcomes, the total annual ACE-attributable cost was estimated at £42.8 billion. The majority of costs related to exposures to multiple rather than a single ACE (ranging from 71.9% for high body mass index to 98.3% for cancer).ConclusionsACEs impose a substantial societal burden in England and Wales. Policies and practices that prevent ACEs, build resilience and develop trauma-informed services are needed to reduce burden of disease and avoidable service use and financial costs across health and other sectors.

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Smoking and Mental Illness in Adulthood: A Preliminary Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi A. Sacco ◽  
Tony P. George ◽  
Cory A. Head ◽  
Jennifer C. Vessicchio ◽  
Caroline J. Easton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Neurocognition and its association with adverse childhood experiences and familial risk of mental illness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Priya Lakkireddy ◽  
Srinivas Balachander ◽  
Pavithra Dayal ◽  
Mahashweta Bhattacharya ◽  
Mino Susan Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Background: Neurocognitive deficits are considered an endophenotype for several psychiatric disorders, typically studied in unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs). Environmental factors such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may also affect neurocognition. This study examines the effect of ACEs on neurocognitive performance in FDRs of patients with severe mental illness in order to determine whether familial risk has a moderating effect on the relationship between ACEs and neurocognition. Methods: The sample consists of a total of 512 individuals composed of unaffected FDRs from multiplex families with severe mental illnesses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or alcohol use disorder) and healthy controls (with no familial risk). Neurocognitive tests included processing speed (Color Trails), new learning (Auditory Verbal Learning Test), working memory (N-Back), and Theory of Mind (SOCRATIS). ACEs were measured using the WHO ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Regression models adjusted for age, gender and education were done to predict each neurocognitive domain by the effect of familial risk, ACE-IQ Total Score and the interaction (familial risk x ACE-IQ Total score). Results: When all FDRs were examined as a group, the main effect of familial risk predicted poor performance in all domains of neurocognition (p <0.01), and the ACEs x familial risk interaction had a significant negative association with global neurocognition, processing speed & working memory. This interaction effect was driven predominantly by the familial risk of AUD. In FDRs of schizophrenia & bipolar disorder, only the main effects of familial risk were significant (working memory, theory of mind & global neurocognition), with no impact of ACEs or its interaction in both these sub-groups. Conclusions: The impact of childhood adversity on neurocognition is moderated by familial risk of psychiatric disorders. Genetic or familial vulnerability may play a greater role in disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, while the interaction between ACEs and family history may be more relevant in the case of disorders with greater environmental risk, such as substance use.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences—household stressors and children’s mental health: a single centre retrospective review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001209
Author(s):  
Hilary Holmes ◽  
Nicolas Darmanthe ◽  
Kevin Tee ◽  
Margaret Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Behavioural Disturbance ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Clinical Symptomatology ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Externalising Behaviours ◽  
Internalising Behaviours

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of reported ‘household stressor’ adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in families of children presenting with neurodevelopmental, behavioural or emotional difficulties and to determine whether family vulnerabilities, individually or cumulatively, were associated with particular clinical symptomatology.DesignRetrospective chart review followed by statistical analysis of family stressors and clinical symptomatology.SettingA community paediatric clinic in Australia.ParticipantsAll 267 children who attended an initial paediatric appointment during 2018.Results162 (60.7%) children had been exposed to one or more household stressor ACEs, including 116 (43.4%) children exposed to parental mental illness. Behavioural disturbance occurred in 144 (53.9%) children and externalising behaviours (other than attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were more frequent than internalising behaviours. Externalising and internalising behaviours were associated with individual and cumulative household stressor ACEs. Most other symptomatology apart from genetic/neurological conditions, autistic symptoms and some developmental delays appeared to be partially associated with ACEs.ConclusionHousehold stressor ACEs were common, frequently occurred concurrently, and were associated with much of the symptomatology, in this cohort. Parental mental illness was the most prevalent stressor and behavioural disturbance the most prevalent symptomatology. These findings may have implications for clinical practice and service provision.

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