Assessment for Special Education: Diagnosis and Placement

2019 ◽  
Vol 683 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Instructional Planning ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Program Planning And Evaluation ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Eligibility Determination ◽  
Disability Categories

Over the last 40 years, federal legislation has led to improved access to public education for students with disabilities. Today, more than six million students receive special education and related services through American public schools; however, evaluation practices for eligibility determination largely have remained unchanged. Assessment approaches used for identification, program planning, and evaluation of progress, arguably, have been insensitive to cultural differences, contributing to disproportional representation of children from different backgrounds in specific special education disability categories, and inefficient because they are too broad to immediately inform instructional planning for both students within and across disability categories. This article critiques current practices for identifying children for special education services and offers considerations, grounded in developmental and cognitive neuroscience, that could lead to more useful assessment approaches that optimize all students’ learning.

scholarly journals Contention Between English as a Second Language and Special Education Services for Emergent Bilinguals with Disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Solange A. Lopes-Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Emergent Bilinguals ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Education Services ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Steady Growth

The debate surrounding the prioritization of services for emergent bilinguals with disabilities is an area in need of attention. The generalized belief that disability-related services must take priority over English as a Second Language services suggests that there is a critical need to develop school professionals’ understanding that these learners, in addition to receiving special education services, need substantial support in developing their second language abilities. The steady growth of emergent bilinguals and multilinguals in public schools, that is, students acquiring English as a new language, calls for well-trained practitioners able to meet these students’ diverse linguistic, academic, cultural, emotional, and intellectual needs. The typical challenges this population faces acquiring a new language have, well too often, been misrepresented, neglected, or led them to programs for students with true disabilities. However, when emergent bilinguals are legitimately referred to special education, it is not uncommon for their disability-related needs to be prioritized over their English as a Second Language-related needs, and they end up not receiving the support they need to develop social and academic skills in the new language. This review article is intended to stimulate reflection on the types of services being delivered to emergent bilinguals and multilinguals with disabilities in U.S. public school settings.

The Educational Rights of Students with Chronic Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 550-577
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Gibbon ◽  
Jenifer Cline ◽  
Christopher L. Schwilk ◽  
Patricia D. Hosfelt ◽  
David F. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Section 504 ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Free Appropriate Public Education ◽  
Educational Rights ◽  
Definition Of

Effective implementation of services for students with chronic disease in any school district relies on a solid understanding of the rules and regulations governing the educational rights of those with disabilities. This chapter enumerates the history of the educational rights of students with disabilities, describes the key laws as promulgated by the federal government, provides a definition of a disability based on these laws, possible categories of special education services and the qualification process for 504 or special education services. This chapter discusses the consideration for education in the least restrictive environment, and key components in the development of both IEP's and Section 504 plans, issues related to providing a free appropriate public education, and the Family and Educational Rights Privacy Act. It concludes with a discussion of working with related services personnel. The two main ways students with chronic disease receive services is under IDEA in the category of Other Health Impaired or under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.

The Educational Rights of Students with Chronic Disease

2016 ◽  
pp. 199-226
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Gibbon ◽  
Jenifer Cline ◽  
Christopher L. Schwilk ◽  
Patricia D. Hosfelt ◽  
David F. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Section 504 ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Free Appropriate Public Education ◽  
Educational Rights ◽  
Definition Of

Effective implementation of services for students with chronic disease in any school district relies on a solid understanding of the rules and regulations governing the educational rights of those with disabilities. This chapter enumerates the history of the educational rights of students with disabilities, describes the key laws as promulgated by the federal government, provides a definition of a disability based on these laws, possible categories of special education services and the qualification process for 504 or special education services. This chapter discusses the consideration for education in the least restrictive environment, and key components in the development of both IEP's and Section 504 plans, issues related to providing a free appropriate public education, and the Family and Educational Rights Privacy Act. It concludes with a discussion of working with related services personnel. The two main ways students with chronic disease receive services is under IDEA in the category of Other Health Impaired or under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.

Legal Considerations in Providing Special Education Services in Parochial Schools

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan G. Osborne ◽  
Philip DiMattia ◽  
Charles J. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Private School ◽  
Parochial Schools ◽  
Parochial School ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
School Students ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Education Services

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires public school districts to provide special education and related services to students with disabilities enrolled in private schools. When the private school is a parochial school this issue may be complicated because of the First Amendment's separation of church and state doctrine. Until recently, providing most on-site special education services was prohibited. A recent U.S. Supreme Court decision lifted the ban, and the 1997 amendments to IDEA have helped to clarify a school district's obligation for providing services to parochial school students. In this article the authors summarize and analyze the major court decisions concerned with the provision of special education and related services to parochial school students and discuss their implications for providing on-site special education services at parochial schools. In particular, two questions are addressed: Must private school students with disabilities be provided with the same level of services as their public school peers? Are school districts required to provide parochial school students with on-site special education services?

Dysphagia Services in Schools: Applying Special Education Requirements to a Health Service

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lissa Power-deFur
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Due Process Hearings ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Eligibility Determination ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Related Service ◽  
Specially Designed Instruction

Abstract School speech-language pathologists and districts frequently need guidance regarding how the legal provisions of special education affect the needs of children with dysphagia. This article reviews key principles of special education that guide eligibility determination and provision of services to all children. In the eligibility process, the school team would determine if the child's disability has an adverse effect on his/her education program and if the child needed special education (specially designed instruction) and related services. Dysphagia services would be considered a related service, a health service needed for the child to benefit from specially designed instruction. The article concludes with recommendations for practice that stem from a review of due process hearings and court cases for children with disabilities that include swallowing.

A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses in Special Education: Exploring the Evidence Base for High-Leverage Practices

2021 ◽  
pp. 074193252110634
Author(s):  
Gena Nelson ◽  
Sara Cothren Cook ◽  
Kary Zarate ◽  
Sarah R. Powell ◽  
Daniel M. Maggin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Intensive Instruction ◽  
Disability Categories ◽  
Meta Analyses

It is crucial that special education teachers are equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to improve outcomes for students with disabilities. Despite federal legislation and efforts of the field to identify and disseminate evidence-based practices for students with disabilities, it is uncertain whether all special education teachers provide instruction based on the best available research. To better prepare special education teachers, McLeskey et al. proposed 22 high-leverage practices (HLPs). We conducted this systematic review of meta-analyses to provide an initial investigation of the experimental evidence reporting on the effectiveness of the HLPs for students with, or at risk for, a disability. Results indicated the largest amount of evidence from meta-analyses related to intensive instruction, explicit instruction, and social skills, with few meta-analyses reporting on collaboration and assessment. The results highlighted disproportional evidence according to disability categories. Implications for future research, practice, and teacher education are discussed.

Why Working Apart Doesn’t Work at All: Special Education and English Learner Teacher Collaborations

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Sara E. N. Kangas
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
English Learner ◽  
Individualized Education Programs ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Individualized Education ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Synergistic Relationships ◽  
Learning English

With many students learning English also identified with disabilities in public schools, collaborations across special education and English learner (EL) education are critical to promoting these students’ academic and linguistic development. Yet, many special education and EL teachers work independently of one another, focusing on their own specialized roles. In the process, students with disabilities who are learning English receive fragmented, inadequate special education and EL services. This article provides specific strategies—cocreating individualized education programs and instituting consultations—special education and EL teachers can implement to break out of their isolated roles and to build synergistic relationships that benefit the learning of students with disabilities who are learning English.

Supporting the needs of students with undiagnosed disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Silverman Schechter
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Public University ◽  
School Experience ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Underserved Students ◽  
Postsecondary Success

Students with disabilities, especially those with non-apparent conditions, are entering universities in growing numbers. Yet more and more students are going off to college unprepared to manage their disabilities, in part because their high schools are overburdened, understaffed, and uninformed to identify and support them. A recent survey of students receiving disability supports at one public university revealed that the majority of these undergraduates with disabilities did not receive special education services in high school, instead waiting until college to seek help. Respondents reflected on what could have been improved about their high school experience, and they offered advice to school practitioners as to how to support these underserved students for postsecondary success.

Special Education Is Associated With Reduced Odds of School Discipline Among Students With Disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 0013189X2098258
Author(s):  
Sarah Hurwitz ◽  
Emma D. Cohen ◽  
Brea L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
Urban School District ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Special Education Referral ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Decomposition Models

Students with disabilities are disciplined at disproportionately high rates, despite federal laws designed to ensure disciplinary protection. We examine the association between disability and discipline using a novel approach, investigating whether behavior problems trigger special education referral, and if disciplinary outcomes change once students are enrolled. Using longitudinal data from an urban school district, we estimate lagged variance decomposition models that disaggregate the outcomes of special education services from the behavioral characteristics that prompt disciplinary responses. We find that (1) ongoing disruptive behavior leads to placement in special education and (2) receiving special education is associated with a reduced likelihood of punishment. Earlier identification is vital in order to treat, rather than punish, disruptive behavior.

Provision of Related Services for Children with Chronic Disabilities

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-797
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Individual Education Plan ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Physician’S Role ◽  
Free Appropriate Public Education ◽  
Physician's Role

The term "related services" is defined in Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, as follows: . . . related services means transportation, and such developmental, corrective and other supportive services (including speech pathology and audiology, psychological services, physical and occupational therapy, recreation, and medical and counseling services, except that such medical services shall be for diagnostic and evaluation purposes only) as may be required to assist a handicapped child to benefit from special education, and includes the early identification and assessment of handicapping conditions in children. Under PL 94-142, all handicapped children are to have available to them "a free, appropriate, public education which includes special education and related services to meet their unique needs." Such services are to be provided at no cost to the child or family in conformity with an Individual Education Plan. PROBLEMS In the implementation of PL 94-142, the physician's role in providing related services has been narrowly defined as meaning: . . . services provided by a licensed physician to determine a child's medically related handicapping condition which results in the child's needs for special education and related services. This definition fails to recognize the physician's potential role in the supervision, program planning, medical management, and monitoring process. According to the definition, the physician's role in the delivery of related services has become limited to diagnosis. Little physician input is sought on treatment-related issues. As a result, the delivery and coordination of related services have posed a serious problem.1,2

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