scholarly journals Current Treatment Strategies for Intracranial Aneurysms: An Overview

Angiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Zhao ◽  
Hao Lin ◽  
Richard Summers ◽  
Mingmin Yang ◽  
Brian G. Cousins ◽  
...  

Intracranial aneurysm is a leading cause of stroke. Its treatment has evolved over the past 2 decades. This review summarizes the treatment strategies for intracranial aneurysms from 3 different perspectives: open surgery approach, transluminal treatment approach, and new technologies being used or trialed. We introduce most of the available treatment techniques in detail, including contralateral clipping, wrapping and clipping, double catheters assisting coiling and waffle-cone technique, and so on. Data from major trials such as Analysis of Treatment by Endovascular approach of Non-ruptured Aneurysms (ATENA), Internal Subarachnoid Trial (ISAT), Clinical and Anatomical Results in the Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (CLARITY), and Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT) as well as information from other clinical reports and local experience are reviewed to suggest a clinical pathway for treating different types of intracranial aneurysms. It will be a valuable supplement to the current existing guidelines. We hope it could help assisting real-time decision-making in clinical practices and also encourage advancements in managing the disease.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Murphy ◽  
Atul K. Garg ◽  
Joana Silva-Correia ◽  
Rui L. Reis ◽  
Joaquim M. Oliveira ◽  
...  

The treatment of meniscus injuries has recently been facing a paradigm shift toward the field of tissue engineering, with the aim of regenerating damaged and diseased menisci as opposed to current treatment techniques. This review focuses on the structure and mechanics associated with the meniscus. The meniscus is defined in terms of its biological structure and composition. Biomechanics of the meniscus are discussed in detail, as an understanding of the mechanics is fundamental for the development of new meniscal treatment strategies. Key meniscal characteristics such as biological function, damage (tears), and disease are critically analyzed. The latest technologies behind meniscal repair and regeneration are assessed.


Author(s):  
Rodrigo Salmeron de Toledo Aguiar ◽  
Guilherme Brasileiro de Aguiar ◽  
Rafael Gomes dos Santos ◽  
André Freitas Nunes ◽  
Renan Maximilian Lovato ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Introduction: Blister aneurysms are of uncertain pathogenesis and are a vascular lesion located in the brain. Overall, they represent 0.3% - 1.0% of all intracranial aneurysms and 0.9% - 6.5% of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Even with the first description being from 1969, there is still debate in the literature about which type of treatment is the best: surgical or endovascular. In this review, we focus on the surgical management. Method: The authors performed a review of available surgical techniques used for blood blister-like aneurysms treatment. Pubmed database was used as search source introducing blister-like aneurysm and blister aneurysms as keywords. The most relevant articles and those that focused on surgical treatment techniques were selected. Discussion: The most used surgical methods are clipping, trapping, wrapping and bypass. As main features of each technique, we can highlight clipping with good efficiency, when there is good neck exposure; trapping being employed in ruptured aneurysm; wrapping for avulsion and bypass that promotes vascularization to the distal territory of the aneurysm. Conclusion: The endovascular method has shown to be promising and efficient. However, different surgical techniques are still being employed based on their efficiency when facing certain surgical scenarios.Keywords: Neurosurgery, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Intracranial aneurysm, Endovascular proceduresRESUMOIntrodução: Aneurismas cerebrais blister-like são lesões vasculares de patogenia incerta. De modo geral, representam 0.3%-1.0% de todos aneurismas intracranianos e 0.9% - 6.5% dos aneurismas intracranianos que rompem. Estão associados a alta morbimortalidade. Mesmo com a primeira descrição sendo de 1969, ainda há debate na literatura sobre qual tipo de tratamento é o melhor: cirúrgico ou endovascular. Nessa revisão, focamos no tratamento cirúrgico. Métodos: Os autores realizaram uma revisão das técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas para tratamento de aneurismas blister-like. A plataforma Pubmed foi utilizada para a pesquisa das palavras chaves “blister-like aneurysm” e “blister aneurysm”. Os artigos de maior relevância e aqueles que enfatizam as técnicas cirúrgicas foram selecionados. Discussão: Os métodos cirúrgicos empregados são clipagem, trapping, wrapping e bypass. Quanto às características de cada método, podemos salientar a eficácia da clipagem, quanto melhor for a exposição do aneurisma; o uso do trapping em situações de rompimento do aneurisma; wrapping para casos em que houve avulsão do aneurisma e by-pass que promove a vascularização distal ao aneurisma. Conclusão: O método endovascular tem se mostrado promissor e efetivo. No entanto, as diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas ainda são empregadas e defendidas devido a sua eficiência frente certos cenários cirúrgicos.Descritores: Neurocirurgia, Hemorragia subaracnóidea, Aneurisma intracraniano, Procedimentos endovasculares


Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2019
Author(s):  
Maxwell C. Meadows ◽  
Soni M. Pradhanang ◽  
Takahiro Fujioka ◽  
Hitoshi Kodamatani ◽  
Menu B. Leddy ◽  
...  

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a disinfection by-product (DBP) that has been classified as a probable human carcinogen in multiple risk assessments. NDMA presence in drinking water is widespread and dependent on source water, disinfectant type, precursors, and water treatment strategies. The objectives of this study were to investigate NDMA formation potential in a modeled monochloramine water treatment plant (WTP) fed by seasonally and spatially varying source water; and to optimize DBP precursor removal by combining conventional and additional treatment techniques. After NDMA analysis, it was found that NDMA formation was significantly dependent on source water type and monochloramine contact time (CT); e.g., at 24 h CT, Cork Brook produced 12.2 ng/L NDMA and Bailey Brook produced 4.2 ng/L NDMA, compared with 72 h CT, Cork Brook produced 4.1 ng/L NDMA and Bailey Brook produced 3.4 ng/L NDMA. No correlations were found between traditional DBP precursors such as total organic carbon and total nitrogen, and the formation of NDMA. The laboratory bench-top treatment system was highly effective at removing traditional DBP precursors, highlighting the need for WTPs to alter their current treatment methods to best accommodate the complex system of DBP control.


1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-674
Author(s):  
Helen A. Cook

Despite increases in survival beyond the initial hemorrhage, the devastating consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage persist. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms are the most likely cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, with morbidity and mortality rates approaching 75%. Complications arising from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage include rebleeding, delayed cerebral ischemia, hydrocephalus, hypothalamic dysfunction, and seizure activity. In order to positively influence outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage, preservation of an adequate cerebral blood flow and prevention of secondary aneurysmal rupture is essential. This article reviews aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, relating the management of complications to currently accepted treatment strategies


2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Maria Ospel ◽  
Ryan McTaggart ◽  
Nima Kashani ◽  
Marios Psychogios ◽  
Mohammed Almekhlafi ◽  
...  

AbstractSince 2015, endovascular therapy (EVT) has become the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion. It is a safe and highly effective treatment, and its number needed to treat of 2.6 is one of the highest throughout medicine. The ultimate goal when performing EVT is to maximize chances of good outcome through achievement of fast first-pass complete reperfusion, as incomplete and delayed reperfusion increases complication rates and negatively affects outcome. Since EVT has been established as standard of care, new devices have been developed and treatment techniques have been refined. This review provides a brief overview about the rationale for and history of EVT, followed by a detailed step-by-step description of how to perform EVT using the BADDASS (BAlloon guide with large bore Distal access catheter with Dual Aspiration with Stent-retriever as Standard approach), a combined technique, which is in our opinion the safest and most effective way to achieve fast first-pass complete reperfusion. We also discuss treatment strategies for patients with simultaneous high-grade carotid stenosis/pseudoocclusion/occlusion and gaining carotid access in challenging arch anatomy, as these are commonly encountered situations in AIS, and conclude with an outlook on new technologies and future directions of EVT.


VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernemann ◽  
Bender ◽  
Melms ◽  
Brechtel ◽  
Kobba ◽  
...  

Interventional therapies using angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic stenosis of the proximal supraaortic vessels have evolved as safe and effective treatment strategies. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current treatment concepts for stenosis in the subclavian and brachiocephalic artery with regard to clinical indication, interventional technique including selection of the appropriate vascular approach and type of stent, angiographic and clinical short-term and long-term results and follow-up. The role of hybrid interventions for tandem stenoses of the carotid bifurcation and brachiocephalic artery is analysed. A systematic review of data for angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis is discussed with a special focus on restenosis rate.


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