Acute Vestibular Paralysis in Herpes Zoster Oticus

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Proctor ◽  
John Lindsay ◽  
Henry Perlman ◽  
Gregory Matz
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Caloric Test ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Herpes Zoster Oticus ◽  
Eye Closure

A case of herpes zoster oticus is presented in which the lateral and superior semicircular canals of the labyrinth were affected unilaterally. The results of several electronystagmographic examinations are described and correlated with the patient's description of symptoms. This case study indicates that disease affecting the lateral semicircular canal is reliably detected by the conventional caloric test. However, the fact that the posterior semicircular canal remained intact could not be inferred from the results of the caloric test in this case. Also, the appearance of nystagmus upon eye closure appears to have been a more sensitive index of the state of the disease process than was the caloric test.

The incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossificans

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
H-Y Lin ◽  
Y-K Fan ◽  
K-C Wu ◽  
M-T Shu ◽  
C-C Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Labyrinthitis Ossificans ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjective:To estimate the incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossificans.Methods:The records of patients treated with mastoidectomy for various tympanogenic aetiologies from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients whose high-resolution computed tomography scans showed evidence of labyrinthine calcification of the temporal bone were enrolled. Patients with a history of head and neck cancer, meningitis, and otosclerosis, and patients with cochlear implants, were excluded from this study.Results:A total of 195 patients were enrolled in this study; 4 of the patients presented with calcification in the inner ear. Therefore, the incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossification was 2 per cent. The computed tomography findings revealed: (1) cochlear calcifications of the basal and middle turn in two patients; and (2) vestibular, superior semicircular canal, posterior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal calcification in one, four, three and two patients, respectively.Conclusion:The incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossification in patients who had undergone a mastoidectomy was 2 per cent.

scholarly journals NEUROANATOMÍA DEL SAURÓPODO TITANOSAURIO NARAMBUENATITAN PALOMOI DEL CRETÁCICO SUPERIOR DE PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana Paulina-Carabajal ◽  
Leonardo Filippi ◽  
Fabien Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Brain

this taxon has uncertain phylogenetic relationships within the clade. An X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the holotypebraincase allowed the first reconstruction of the brain and inner ear of this taxon, making it possible to compare the neuroanatomy with thatof closely related forms. Except for the slightly sigmodal shape of the endocast in lateral view—considered a basal condition—, the brainshows derived titanosaurian traits such as a poorly developed dorsal expansion and a single exit for Cranial Nerve (CN) XII. In contrast, the innerear exhibits slender and long semicircular canals (the anterior semicircular canal is distinctly longer than the posterior semicircular canal), whichis a character present in more basal representatives of the group, such as Sarmientosaurus. We consider, however, the morphology of theinner ear as an unreliable indicator of phylogenetic position. Furthermore, there is a remarkable similarity between the morphology of theendocast of Narambuenatitanand the possible saltasaurid from (FAM 03.064), from the Upper Cretaceous of Fox-Amphoux-Métisson, France,suggesting saltasaurine affinities for the Argentinean taxon.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Sensitivity of the Head Thrust Test for Identifying Vestibular Hypofunction

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C Schubert ◽  
Ronald J Tusa ◽  
Lawrence E Grine ◽  
Susan J Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibular Hypofunction ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Abstract Background and Purpose. The head thrust test (HTT) is used to assess the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) in patients following vestibular ablation is excellent (100%), although sensitivity is lower (35%–39%) for patients with nonsurgically induced UVH. The variability of the test results may be from moving the subject's head outside the plane of the lateral semicircular canals as well as using a head thrust of predictable timing and direction. The purpose of this study was to examine sensitivity and specificity of the horizontal HTT in identifying patients with UVH and bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH) when the head was flexed 30 degrees in attempt to induce acceleration primarily in the lateral semicircular canal and the head was moved unpredictably. Subjects. The medical records of 176 people with and without vestibular dysfunction (n=79 with UVH, n=32 with BVH, and n=65 with nonvestibular dizziness) were studied. Methods. Data were retrospectively tabulated from a de-identified database (ie, with health information stripped of all identifiers). Results. Sensitivity of the HTT for identifying vestibular hypofunction was 71% for UVH and 84% for BVH. Specificity was 82%. Discussion and Conclusion. Ensuring the head is pitched 30 degrees down and thrust with an unpredictable timing and direction appears to improve sensitivity of the HTT.

Traumatic perilymphatic fistulae of the lateral semicircular canal

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-523
Author(s):  
Eitan Yaniv ◽  
Phillip Traub
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Csf Leaks

AbstractFifteen patients with perilymphatic fistulae were evaluated. Of these patients, three had CSF leaks in addition to the perilymphatic fistulae. Eight patients had fistulae of one or both windows; two had fistulae confined to the lateral semicircular canal; and two had combined fistulae of both round window and lateral semicircular canals. All improved dramatically following surgical repair.In the following study, we have shown that perilymphatic fistulae can occur in the lateral semicircular canal, and we suggest exploration of this area when indicated.

Evaluation of Vertical Semicircular Canal Function in Patients With Vestibular Schwannoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishi Fujiwara ◽  
Hiroko Yanagi ◽  
Shinya Morita ◽  
Kimiko Hoshino ◽  
Atsushi Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Anterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Vertical Semicircular Canal

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate vertical semicircular canal function in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) by video head impulse test (vHIT). Methods: Fifteen patients with VS who had not received any treatment, including surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy, before vHIT examination were enrolled. Vestibulo-ocular reflex gain and catch-up saccade in vHIT were evaluated. Results: Dysfunction of anterior and posterior semicircular canals was detected by vHIT in 26.7% and 60.0%, respectively. Six patients (40.0%) demonstrated abnormalities referable to both vestibular nerve divisions. Abnormalities referable to the superior vestibular nerve were identified in 3 patients (20.0%), while 3 patients (20.0%) demonstrated a pattern indicative of inferior vestibular nerve involvement. Anterior semicircular canal vHIT produced fewer abnormalities than did either horizontal or posterior semicircular canal vHIT. Conclusions: Dysfunction of the semicircular canals, including the vertical canals, in patients with VS was detected by vHIT. The anterior semicircular canal was less frequently involved than the horizontal or posterior semicircular canal. The examination of the vertical canals by vHIT is useful in the evaluation of vestibular function in patients with VS.

The harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777). XXI. The structure of the vestibular apparatus

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1357-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ramprashad ◽  
K. E. Money ◽  
K. Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
Body Orientation ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Vestibular Apparatus ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Pagophilus Groenlandicus ◽  
Sensory Hairs

The structure of the large vestibular apparatus of the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) is similar to that of other mammals. However, the posterior semicircular canal is the smallest of the three canals and the plane of the lateral is below that of the posterior semicircular canal. An additional sensory end organ (crista neglecta) is present about 0.75 mm from the posterior crista. The neuroepithelium of the crista neglecta is similar to that of the crista of the semicircular canals and consists of large supporting and sensory cells, the sensory hairs of which project into the cupula. No otoconia were seen on the crista neglecta as were present on the otolithic membrane of the maculae utriculi and sacculi. A large macula utriculi and crista neglecta may be necessary for body orientation during diving.

scholarly journals Revision surgery after triple semicircular canal plugging and morphologic changes of vestibular organ

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daogong Zhang ◽  
Yafeng Lv ◽  
Yuechen Han ◽  
Gaoying Sun ◽  
Yawei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Caloric Test ◽  
Vestibular Organ ◽  
Episodic Vertigo ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Incomplete Occlusion ◽  
Morphologic Changes

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the causes of vertigo relapse in patients with Meniere’s disease (MD) who had undergone triple semicircular canal plugging (TSCP) and explore the morphologic changes of vestibular organ through revision surgery. Eleven intractable MD patients who underwent TSCP initially and experienced episodic vertigo recurrence later, were enrolled. All patients accepted revision surgery, including seven cases who underwent labyrinthectomy and four cases who underwent repeat TSCP. Pure tone test, caloric test and video-head impulse test (v-HIT) were used to evaluate audiological and vestibular functions. Specimens of canal plugging materials and vestibular end organs were collected from patients who underwent labyrinthectomy during revision surgery. Mineralization and other histological characteristics of canal plugging materials were evaluated by von Kossa staining. Incomplete occlusion or ossification was observed in the semicircular canals (SCs) of all eleven patients, with all three SCs affected in three, the superior SC in five patients, the horizontal SC in two and the posterior SC in one. The results of v-HIT were in accordance with findings discovered intraoperatively. Few mineralized nodules and multiple cavities were found in the von Kossa-stained canal plugging materials. Incomplete occlusion or ossification of SCs was the principal cause of vertigo recurrence in MD patients who underwent TSCP. v-HIT was helpful in determining the responsible SCs.

Analysis of the coplanarity of functional pairs of semicircular canals using three-dimensional images reconstructed from temporal bone magnetic resonance imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
D-K Kim ◽  
D-R Kim ◽  
S H Jeong ◽  
G J Kim ◽  
K-H Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Horizontal Semicircular Canal ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectives:This study was conducted to investigate the angles and orientation of semicircular canals, and the coplanarity of functional canal pairs.Methods:Fluid signals in semicircular canals were reconstructed with three-dimensional reconstruction software using 20 temporal bone magnetic resonance images of normal subjects. The angles between each pair of semicircular canals were measured.Results:The mean angles between the anterior and horizontal semicircular canal plane, the horizontal and posterior semicircular canal plane, and the anterior and posterior semicircular canal plane were 83.7°, 82.5° and 88.4°, respectively. Pairs of contralateral synergistic canal planes were formed 15.1° between the right and left horizontal semicircular canal planes, 21.2° between the right anterior and left posterior semicircular canal, and 21.7° between the left anterior and right posterior semicircular canal.Conclusion:Each semicircular canal makes an almost right angle with other canals, but synergistically acting functional canal pairs of both ears do not lie in exactly the same plane.

scholarly journals Measurement of Human Semicircular Canal Spatial Attitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhi Wu ◽  
Ping Lin ◽  
Yanyan Zheng ◽  
Yifei Zhou ◽  
Zhaobang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Normal Vector ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Spatial Coordinate ◽  
Superior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Normal Vectors

Located deep in the temporal bone, the semicircular canal is a subtle structure that requires a spatial coordinate system for measurement and observation. In this study, 55 semicircular canal and eyeball models were obtained by segmentation of MRI data. The spatial coordinate system was established by taking the top of the common crus and the bottom of the eyeball as the horizontal plane. First, the plane equation was established according to the centerline of the semicircular canals. Then, according to the parameters of the plane equation, the plane normal vectors were obtained. Finally, the average unit normal vector of each semicircular canal plane was obtained by calculating the average value of the vectors. The standard normal vectors of the and left posterior semicircular canal, superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal were [−0.651, 0.702, 0.287], [0.749, 0.577, 0.324], [−0.017, −0.299, 0.954], [0.660, 0.702, 0.266], [−0.739, 0.588, 0.329], [0.025, −0.279, 0.960]. The different angles for the different ways of calculating the standard normal vectors of the right and left posterior semicircular canal, superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal were 0.011, 0.028, 0.008, 0.011, 0.024, and 0.006 degrees. The technology for measuring the semicircular canal spatial attitudes in this study are reliable, and the measurement results can guide vestibular function examinations and help with guiding the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV.

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