Abnormalities of Cilia in the Middle Ear in Chronic Otitis Media

1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Yeger ◽  
Erma Minaker ◽  
Allen Rubin ◽  
David Charles ◽  
Jennifer M. Sturgess
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Nasal Cilia ◽  
Abnormal Cilia

We studied the fine structure of nasal and middle ear mucosa in 18 patients with chronic otitis media, comparing them with ten age-matched control patients. Electron microscopy revealed no single fundamental defect of cilia in the tissue samples; however, patients with chronic otitis media had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal cilia in the middle ear without correlating abnormalities of nasal cilia. These findings indicated that ciliary anomalies, including deletion of ciliary microtubules, presence of supernumerary tubules, and fusion of cilia, occur as a result of infection or inflammation. Such abnormalities would impair normal mucociliary clearance and exacerbate clinical complications.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Presence of Biofilms in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, Nonsuppurative Otitis Media, and Chronic Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma by Scanning Electron Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Kaya ◽  
Ilknur Dag ◽  
Armagan Incesulu ◽  
Melek Kezban Gurbuz ◽  
Mustafa Acar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective. Biofilms have been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of otolaryngologic infections. However, very limited studies have been undertaken to demonstrate the presence of biofilms in tissues from patients with chronic otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma. Our objective is to study the presence of biofilms in humans with chronic suppurative and nonsuppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma.Study Design. In all, 102 tissue specimens (middle ear, mastoid tissue, and ossicle samples) were collected during surgery from 34 patients.Methods. The samples were processed for the investigation of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results. Our research supports the hypothesis in which biofilms are involved in chronic suppurative otitis media, cholesteatoma, and, to a lesser degree, chronic nonsuppurative otitis media. There were higher rates in hypertrophic and granulated tissue samples than in normal mucosa. In addition, the presence of biofilms was significantly higher in the middle ear mucosa compared with the mastoid and ossicle samples.Conclusion. In the clinic, the careful use of topical or systemic antimicrobials is essential, and, during surgery, hypertrophic tissue must be carefully removed from normal tissue.

S224 – Efficacy of Long Silastic Sheet in COM Surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P150-P150
Author(s):  
Hyong-Ho Cho ◽  
Hyun-Seok Choi ◽  
Chul-Ho Jang ◽  
Yong-Bum Cho
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Hearing Result ◽  
Staged Operation ◽  
Canal Wall Up

Objectives To determine the effect of long silastic sheet for middle ear aeration in chronic otitis media surgery. Methods Between January 2003 and May 2007, 46 patients underwent planned staged canal wall up tympanomastoidetomy, because possibility of residual cholesteatoma and severe swelling middle ear mucosa, especially around the stapes. Long silastic sheet was inserted from mastoid cavity to middle ear via facial recess during operation procedure. To determine the effect of long silastic sheet for recovery of mastoid aeration, various factors such as computed tomography grading, Valsalva maneuver grading for Eustachian function, and hearing result were compared. Results During the average follow-up of 31 months, there was 1 recurred chronic otitis media which was revealed tuberculosis otitis media. Intact tympanic membrane was obtained in 45(97.8%) of 46 patients. In CT grading, middle ear aeration was increased significantly (p<0.05). Air-Bone gap was significantly decreased after staged operation, preoperative average ABG was 29.7dB and last average ABG was 21.0dB (p <0.05). But Eustachian function using Valsalva manerver was not significantly changed (p >0.05). Conclusions Long silastic sheet insertion from mastoid to middle ear is statistically effective for amelioration of middle ear and mastoid aeration after the first-stage operation.

scholarly journals Direct Detection of Bacterial Biofilms on the Middle-Ear Mucosa of Children With Chronic Otitis Media

JAMA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanne Hall-Stoodley ◽  
Fen Ze Hu ◽  
Armin Gieseke ◽  
Laura Nistico ◽  
Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

scholarly journals High Human Papillomavirus DNA loads in Inflammatory Middle Ear Diseases

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Malagutti ◽  
John Charles Rotondo ◽  
Luca Cerritelli ◽  
Claudio Melchiorri ◽  
Monica De Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Hpv Dna

Background. Previous studies reported human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in middle ear tumors, whereas these viruses have been poorly investigated in chronic inflammatory middle ear diseases. We investigated HPVs in non-tumor middle ear diseases, including chronic otitis media (COM). Methods. COM specimens (n = 52), including chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) (n =38) and cholesteatoma (COMC) (n = 14), as well as normal middle ear (NME) specimens (n = 56) were analyzed. HPV sequences and DNA loads were analyzed by quantitative-PCR. HPV genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. Results. HPV DNA was detected in 23% (12/52) of COM and in 30.4% (17/56) of NME (p > 0.05). Specifically, HPV DNA sequences were found in 26.3% (10/38) of CSOM and in 14.3% (2/14) of COMC (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the HPV DNA load was higher in COMC (mean 7.47 copy/cell) than in CSOM (mean 1.02 copy/cell) and NME (mean 1.18 copy/cell) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.017 versus CSOM and NME, respectively). HPV16 and HPV18 were the main genotypes detected in COMC, CSOM and NME. Conclusions. These data suggest that HPV may infect the middle ear mucosa, whereas HPV-positive COMCs are associated with higher viral DNA loads as compared to NME.

Role of Ige-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Otitis Media with Effusion: Pathophysiologic Considerations

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Bernstein ◽  
William J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Accessory Cell ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Ige Mediated

A pathophysiologic model of otitis media with effusion secondary to IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is described. Specific mediators of inflammation are released by mucosal mast cells in the nasal mucosa following the interaction of antigen and specific IgE antibody. These mediators increase vascular permeability, mucosal blood flow, and, most important, mucus production. Furthermore, accessory cell types are recruited by colony-stimulating factors that in turn provide an autocrine-positive feedback for the influx of further inflammatory cells. The eustachian tube is then effectively obstructed by both intrinsic venous engorgement and extrinsic mucus plugs, isolating the middle ear space from the ambient environment The net result is the increased exchange of nitrogen into the middle ear mucosa from the middle ear cavity. This causes the development of a significant middle ear underpressure that disrupts tight junctions and allows for transudation of fluids into the middle ear space. The prolonged obstruction of the eustachian tube with mucus results in middle ear inflammation, mucosal metaplasia, and increased glandular activities, all of which are hallmarks of chronic otitis media with effusion.

Scintigraphic evaluation of nasal mucociliary activity in unilateral chronic otitis media

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemal Cingi ◽  
Fazilet Altin ◽  
Hamdi Cakli ◽  
Ernre Entok ◽  
Kezban Gurbuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
The Difference

Mucociliary clearance is a key defence mechanism in human upper and lower airways. Although mucociliary activity is present in both ears of the patients, most cases of chronic otitis media are unilateral.In this study, we aim to evaluate the difference between nasal mucociliary activity of the affected and non-affected sides in patients with unilateral chronic otitis media. Both nasal transport times of 36 patients with unilateral chronic otitis media were compared statistically with each other and with the control group by independent samples t-test. The nasal mucociliary transport times of the nasal cavity at the same side as the affected ear and as the non-affected ear are significantly different, in the same patients.Our study shows that impaired or decreased nasal mucociliary activity may result in dysfunction of the eustachian tube and middle-ear ciliary activity, which plays an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of chronic otitis media.

Characterization of mucins in human middle ear and Eustachian tube

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. L1157-L1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizhen Lin ◽  
Vladimir Tsuprun ◽  
Hirokazu Kawano ◽  
Michael M. Paparella ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mucin Expression ◽  
Mucin Genes ◽  
Human Middle Ear

Mucins are important glycoproteins in the mucociliary transport system of the middle ear and Eustachian tube. Little is known about mucin expression within this system under physiological and pathological conditions. This study demonstrated the expression of MUC5B, MUC5AC, MUC4, and MUC1 in the human Eustachian tube, whereas only MUC5B mucin expression was demonstrated in noninflamed middle ears. MUC5B and MUC4 mucin genes were upregulated 4.2- and 6-fold, respectively, in middle ears with chronic otitis media (COM) or mucoid otitis media (MOM). This upregulation of mucin genes was accompanied by an increase of MUC5B- and MUC4-producing cells in the middle ear mucosa. Electron microscopy of the secretions from COM and MOM showed the presence of chainlike polymeric mucin. These data indicate that the epithelium of the middle ear and Eustachian tube expresses distinct mucin profiles and that MUC5B and MUC4 mucins are highly produced and secreted in the diseased middle ear. These mucins may form thick mucous effusion in the middle ear cavity and compromise the function of the middle ear.

scholarly journals Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Prevents Mucosal Damage in an Experimental Rat Model of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2992-2994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja J. Nell ◽  
Henk K. Koerten ◽  
Jan J. Grote
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
New Therapy ◽  
Experimental Rat Model

ABSTRACT In this study, the efficacy of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) was assessed in a rat model of chronic otitis media with effusion. BPI injection prevented disturbance of the mucociliary clearance system of the middle ear. Hence, it is postulated that BPI can be a new therapy for chronic otitis media with effusion.

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