scholarly journals High Human Papillomavirus DNA loads in Inflammatory Middle Ear Diseases

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Malagutti ◽  
John Charles Rotondo ◽  
Luca Cerritelli ◽  
Claudio Melchiorri ◽  
Monica De Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Hpv Dna

Background. Previous studies reported human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in middle ear tumors, whereas these viruses have been poorly investigated in chronic inflammatory middle ear diseases. We investigated HPVs in non-tumor middle ear diseases, including chronic otitis media (COM). Methods. COM specimens (n = 52), including chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) (n =38) and cholesteatoma (COMC) (n = 14), as well as normal middle ear (NME) specimens (n = 56) were analyzed. HPV sequences and DNA loads were analyzed by quantitative-PCR. HPV genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. Results. HPV DNA was detected in 23% (12/52) of COM and in 30.4% (17/56) of NME (p > 0.05). Specifically, HPV DNA sequences were found in 26.3% (10/38) of CSOM and in 14.3% (2/14) of COMC (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the HPV DNA load was higher in COMC (mean 7.47 copy/cell) than in CSOM (mean 1.02 copy/cell) and NME (mean 1.18 copy/cell) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.017 versus CSOM and NME, respectively). HPV16 and HPV18 were the main genotypes detected in COMC, CSOM and NME. Conclusions. These data suggest that HPV may infect the middle ear mucosa, whereas HPV-positive COMCs are associated with higher viral DNA loads as compared to NME.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Presence of Biofilms in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, Nonsuppurative Otitis Media, and Chronic Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma by Scanning Electron Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Kaya ◽  
Ilknur Dag ◽  
Armagan Incesulu ◽  
Melek Kezban Gurbuz ◽  
Mustafa Acar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective. Biofilms have been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of otolaryngologic infections. However, very limited studies have been undertaken to demonstrate the presence of biofilms in tissues from patients with chronic otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma. Our objective is to study the presence of biofilms in humans with chronic suppurative and nonsuppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma.Study Design. In all, 102 tissue specimens (middle ear, mastoid tissue, and ossicle samples) were collected during surgery from 34 patients.Methods. The samples were processed for the investigation of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results. Our research supports the hypothesis in which biofilms are involved in chronic suppurative otitis media, cholesteatoma, and, to a lesser degree, chronic nonsuppurative otitis media. There were higher rates in hypertrophic and granulated tissue samples than in normal mucosa. In addition, the presence of biofilms was significantly higher in the middle ear mucosa compared with the mastoid and ossicle samples.Conclusion. In the clinic, the careful use of topical or systemic antimicrobials is essential, and, during surgery, hypertrophic tissue must be carefully removed from normal tissue.

scholarly journals Pre-operative predictors of ossicular necrosis in chronic otitis media-mucosal type

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Razim Abdul Rasheed ◽  
Mubeena . ◽  
K. S. Gangadhara Somayaji
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Wide Range

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media can cause a wide range of pathologies in the middle ear that include irreversible mucosal changes, granulation tissue formation, cholesteatoma, tympanosclerosis, and destruction of ossicles. Knowledge regarding ossicular discontinuity before surgery enables the surgeon to be prepared for ossiculoplasty. Objective was to study the pre-operative clinical, audiological and microscopic findings in chronic otitis media mucosal type and correlate preoperative findings with intra-operative ossicular necrosis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Study design was observational, descriptive and cross sectional study. All patients were subjected to detailed clinical, otoscopic and microscopic examination to assess the size and site of perforation, presence or absence of ear discharge, granulation tissue, tympanosclerosis in the middle ear, exposure of incudostapedeal joint and condition of middle ear mucosa. Pure tone audiogram was also done. All patients underwent tympanoplasty±cortical mastoidectomy and the intraoperative findings of ossicular necrosis were noted.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 105 patients, 18(17.1%) had ossicular necrosis. Bivariate analysis showed positive correlation for long standing disease (p=0.004), presence of discharging ear (p=0.014), polypoidal middle ear mucosa (p=0.000) granulations in middle ear (p=0.000) and also when incudostapedeal joint was exposed (p=0.005). Mean Air bone gap was higher with 35 dB in ossicular necrosis and 22.7 dB in intact ossicular chain was also statistically significant (p=0.0001).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Ossicular necrosis was best indicated by the presence of polypoidal mucosa, granulation in the middle ear and higher air-bone gap on audiometry. However longer duration of disease, persistent active stage of disease and exposure of incudostapedeal joint were also found to be significant.</p>

Development of an ear cap in chronic suppurative otitis media using additive manufacturing and TRIZ

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh B Mawale ◽  
Abhaykumar Kuthe ◽  
Anupama M Mawale ◽  
Sandeep W Dahake
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Collaborative Tool ◽  
Middle Ear Infection

The prevalence rate of chronic suppurative otitis media is high and its treatment continues to be a challenge for the otorhinolaryngologists. Due to middle ear infection, there may be pain, hearing loss and spontaneous rupture of the eardrum which results in perforation. Infections can cause a hole in the eardrum as a side effect of otitis media. The patients suffering from ear perforation or having a hole in eardrum require preventing entry of water in the ear. This article describes the development of ear cap using additive manufacturing and TRIZ (a collaborative tool) to prevent the entry of water in the ear during chronic otitis media.

Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
D. Stewart Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Purulent Fluid

Most pediatricians recognize and treat acute otitis media several times each day. Yet there is wide disagreement about certain aspects of its diagnosis and treatment, despite a large and growing literature on the subject. This review attempts to summarize what is known about acute otitis media in children. DEFINITION Acute suppurative otitis media is distinguished from secretory (serous) otitis media by the presence of purulent fluid in the middle ear. Pathogenic bacteria may be cultured from the majority of needle aspirates of this purulent fluid. In secretory otitis media, relatively few polymorphonuclear cells are present in the middle ear fluid, which is either thin and straw-colored (serous) or thick and translucent grey (mucoid). The fluid has the chemical characteristics either of a transudate of plasma or of a mucoid secretion, presumably produced by goblet cells and mucous glands which are greatly increased in the middle ear mucosa of patients with secretory otitis media. Cultures of this middle ear fluid are usually negative for pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Suppurative otitis media can be diagnosed positively only by aspiration of purulent fluid from the middle ear, but this procedure is rarely necessary for initial diagnosis and management. Clinical findings helpful in distinguishing suppurative from secretory otitis media are discussed below. INCIDENCE In a study of 847 British children during the first five years of life, 19% had at least one episode of otitis media; one third of these had more than one episode. This was considered to be a minimal estimate in these children, since otorrhea was the chief criterion for diagnosis.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Evaluation of Defects to the Ossicular Chain in the Course of Chronic Otitis Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 014556131987391
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiatr ◽  
Katarzyna Swiezy ◽  
Jacek Skladzien ◽  
Maciej Wiatr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Ossicles ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: Chronic otitis media is a heterogeneous disorder. Chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma and, to a lesser extent, chronic otitis media with granulation lead to the destruction of bone structures within the middle ear. Bone loss may appear in the prominence of the horizontal semicircular canals and the bony canal of the facial nerve. The inflammatory process may spread to the bony labyrinth of the sigmoidal sinuses and the cranial cavities. Materials and Methods: The analysis comprised the examination of fragments of auditory ossicles removed during surgery in 21 patients with various types of chronic inflammation of the middle ear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of scanning electron microscopy in evaluating the erosion of middle ear ossicles in different types of chronic otitis media. Images captured at various magnifications were used for the best possible illustration of the observed lesions in bone tissue. Results: The observed lesions and the degree of bone surface damage were dependent on the type of chronic inflammation of the middle ear. The largest destructive changes in the ossicular chain were observed in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma; smaller changes were observed in chronic otitis media with granulation. Conclusion: In the case of damage to the ossicles inflicted by inflammation, the use of a modeled bone block made of a temporal bone taken from outside the tympanic cavity or a biomaterial prosthesis is a good choice in ossiculoplasty.

S224 – Efficacy of Long Silastic Sheet in COM Surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P150-P150
Author(s):  
Hyong-Ho Cho ◽  
Hyun-Seok Choi ◽  
Chul-Ho Jang ◽  
Yong-Bum Cho
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Hearing Result ◽  
Staged Operation ◽  
Canal Wall Up

Objectives To determine the effect of long silastic sheet for middle ear aeration in chronic otitis media surgery. Methods Between January 2003 and May 2007, 46 patients underwent planned staged canal wall up tympanomastoidetomy, because possibility of residual cholesteatoma and severe swelling middle ear mucosa, especially around the stapes. Long silastic sheet was inserted from mastoid cavity to middle ear via facial recess during operation procedure. To determine the effect of long silastic sheet for recovery of mastoid aeration, various factors such as computed tomography grading, Valsalva maneuver grading for Eustachian function, and hearing result were compared. Results During the average follow-up of 31 months, there was 1 recurred chronic otitis media which was revealed tuberculosis otitis media. Intact tympanic membrane was obtained in 45(97.8%) of 46 patients. In CT grading, middle ear aeration was increased significantly (p<0.05). Air-Bone gap was significantly decreased after staged operation, preoperative average ABG was 29.7dB and last average ABG was 21.0dB (p <0.05). But Eustachian function using Valsalva manerver was not significantly changed (p >0.05). Conclusions Long silastic sheet insertion from mastoid to middle ear is statistically effective for amelioration of middle ear and mastoid aeration after the first-stage operation.

scholarly journals Direct Detection of Bacterial Biofilms on the Middle-Ear Mucosa of Children With Chronic Otitis Media

JAMA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanne Hall-Stoodley ◽  
Fen Ze Hu ◽  
Armin Gieseke ◽  
Laura Nistico ◽  
Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

Role of Ige-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Otitis Media with Effusion: Pathophysiologic Considerations

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Bernstein ◽  
William J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Accessory Cell ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Ige Mediated

A pathophysiologic model of otitis media with effusion secondary to IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is described. Specific mediators of inflammation are released by mucosal mast cells in the nasal mucosa following the interaction of antigen and specific IgE antibody. These mediators increase vascular permeability, mucosal blood flow, and, most important, mucus production. Furthermore, accessory cell types are recruited by colony-stimulating factors that in turn provide an autocrine-positive feedback for the influx of further inflammatory cells. The eustachian tube is then effectively obstructed by both intrinsic venous engorgement and extrinsic mucus plugs, isolating the middle ear space from the ambient environment The net result is the increased exchange of nitrogen into the middle ear mucosa from the middle ear cavity. This causes the development of a significant middle ear underpressure that disrupts tight junctions and allows for transudation of fluids into the middle ear space. The prolonged obstruction of the eustachian tube with mucus results in middle ear inflammation, mucosal metaplasia, and increased glandular activities, all of which are hallmarks of chronic otitis media with effusion.

scholarly journals Correlation between histomorphometric changes and the type of aerobic bacteria isolated in chronic suppurative otitis media

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Emilija Zivkovic-Marinkov ◽  
Milan Stankovic ◽  
Dragan Mihailovic ◽  
Mila Bojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media

Background/Aim. Bacterial flora is a very important factor in pathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and significantly influences the type and intensity of osteolytic process. There are few histomorphometric investigations of middle ear mucosa in chronic otitis. The aim of this study was to identify aerobic bacteria responsible for chronic suppurative otitis media as well as their association with histomorphometric changes of middle ear mucosa. Methods. A prospective study that comprised 153 patients treated in the Clinc for Ear, Thorat and Nose Diseases, Nis, was conducted. Bacteriologic analysis of diseased ear secretion was carried out in all patients. Intraoperatively removed granulation tissue was used for histomorphometry. The analysed parameters were: the number of inflammatory cells, as well as vascularization and vasodilatation. Results. The most frequently isolated aerobic bacteria from chronic suppurative otitis media were Staphylococcus aureus (29.02%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29.02%) and Proteus spp. (21.76%). There was no correlation between the type of pathologic process and the type of bacteria.The number of inflammatory cells in the granulation tissue in pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus was 1,597.33 ? 549.45 and in Pseudomonas auriginosa cultures was 2,639 ? 648. Conclusion. This study showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between the number of inflammatory cells in the granulation tissue and the type of aerobic bacteria we isolated. The intensity of the infection in chronic suppurative otitis media depends on the type of the isolated bacteria, which emphasizes the importance of adequate preoperative antimicrobial therapy.

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