Function of the Thyroarytenoid Muscle in a Canine Laryngeal Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Shik Choi ◽  
Ming Ye ◽  
Gerald S. Berke ◽  
Jody Kreiman
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Thyroarytenoid Muscle

Fundamental frequency is controlled by contraction of the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles. While activity of the CT muscle is known to tense and thin the vocal folds, little is known about the effect of the TA muscle on vocal fold vibration. An in vivo canine laryngeal model was used to examine the role of the TA muscle in controlling phonation. Isolated TA muscle activation was obtained by stimulating sectioned terminal TA branches through small thyroid cartilage windows. Subglottic pressure measures, electroglottographic and photoglottographic signals, and acoustic signals were obtained in 5 mongrel dogs during dynamic and static variations in TA muscle activity. Results indicated that TA muscle activation is a major determinant in sudden shifts from high-frequency to modal phonation. Subglottic pressure increased and open quotient decreased gradually with increasing TA activation.

Nonlinear behavior of vocal fold vibration: The role of coupling between the vocal folds

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Giovanni ◽  
Maurice Ouaknine ◽  
Bruno Guelfucci ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Michel Zanaret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration

Effects of Levodopa on Laryngeal Muscle Activity for Voice Onset and Offset in Parkinson Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1284-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Gallena ◽  
Paul J. Smith ◽  
Thomas Zeffiro ◽  
Christy L. Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Research Volunteers ◽  
Thyroarytenoid Muscle

The laryngeal pathophysiology underlying the speech disorder in idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) was addressed in this electromyographic study of laryngeal muscle activity. This muscle activity was examined during voice onset and offset gestures in 6 persons in the early stages of IPD who were not receiving medication. The purpose was to determine (a) if impaired voice onset and offset control for speech and vocal fold bowing were related to abnormalities in laryngeal muscle activity in the nonmedicated state and (b) if these attributes change with levodopa. Blinded listeners rated the IPD participants' voice onset and offset control before and after levodopa was administered. In the nonmedi-cated state, the IPD participants' vocal fold bowing was examined on nasoendo-scopy, and laryngeal muscle activity levels were compared with normal research volunteers. The IPD participants were then administered a therapeutic dose of levodopa, and changes in laryngeal muscle activity for voice onset and offset gestures were measured during the same session. Significant differences were found between IPD participants in the nonmedicated state:those with higher levels of muscle activation had vocal fold bowing and greater impairment in voice onset and offset control for speech. Similarly, following levodopa administration, those with thyroarytenoid muscle activity reductions had greater improvements in voice onset and offset control for speech. In this study, voice onset and offset control ifficulties and vocal fold bowing were associated with increased levels of aryngeal muscle activity in the absence of medication.

Measurement of Young's Modulus in the in Vivo Human Vocal Folds

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang T. Tran ◽  
Bruce R. Gerratt ◽  
Gerald S. Berke ◽  
Jody Kreiman
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
New Device ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration

Currently, surgeons have no objective means to evaluate and optimize results of phonosurgery intraoperatively. Instead, they usually judge the vocal folds subjectively by visual inspection or by listening to the voice. This paper describes a new device that measures Young's (elastic) modulus values for the human vocal fold intraoperatively. Physiologically, the modulus of the vocal fold may be important in determining the nature of vocal fold vibration in normal and pathologic states. This study also reports the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation on Young's modulus of the human vocal folds, measured by means of transcutaneous nerve stimulation techniques. Young's modulus increased with increases in current stimulation to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Ultimately, Young's modulus values may assist surgeons in optimizing the results of various phonosurgeries.

Human Vocalis Contains Distinct Superior and Inferior Subcompartments: Possible Candidates for the Two Masses of Vocal Fold Vibration

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 826-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Sanders ◽  
Yingshi Han ◽  
Surinder Rai ◽  
Hugh F. Biller
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Medial Surface ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
Superior Surface ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Thyroarytenoid Muscle ◽  
Large Muscle

It is not understood how different parts of the thyroarytenoid muscle contribute to vocal fold vibration. This study investigated the medial part of the thyroarytenoid muscle, the vocalis compartment, for anatomic differences that might suggest functionally distinct areas. Twenty human vocal folds were frontally sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A single section from the middle of each vocal fold was magnified, and the muscle fascicles of the most superficial 25% of the vocalis compartment were then examined. In all 20 specimens the vocalis compartment could be separated into 2 plainly distinct subcompartments: the inferior vocalis compartment was composed of a single large muscle fascicle that contained densely packed muscle fibers of similar size; the superior vocalis compartment was composed of multiple small fascicles in which the muscle fibers were loosely arranged and varied greatly in size. On average, the inferior vocalis subcompartment composed 60% of the medial surface of the thyroarytenoid muscle. The superior subcompartment composed the remaining 40% of the medial surface, but also continued past the vocal ligament to make up the superior surface of the thyroarytenoid muscle. It is concluded that 2 distinct entities make up the vocalis compartment of the thyroarytenoid muscle. Their anatomy is so markedly different it suggests that they may function independently. One possibility is that they reflect the 2 masses observed in the superior and inferior aspects of the vocal fold during vibration.

scholarly journals Mapping Thyroarytenoid and Cricothyroid Activations to Postural and Acoustic Features in a Fiber-Gel Model of the Vocal Folds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4671
Author(s):  
Palaparthi ◽  
Smith ◽  
Titze
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Fiber Stress ◽  
Muscle Activations

Any specific vowel sound that humans produce can be represented in terms of four perceptual features in addition to the vowel category. They are pitch, loudness, brightness, and roughness. Corresponding acoustic features chosen here are fundamental frequency (fo), sound pressure level (SPL), normalized spectral centroid (NSC), and approximate entropy (ApEn). In this study, thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) activations were varied computationally to study their relationship with these four specific acoustic features. Additionally, postural and material property variables such as vocal fold length (L) and fiber stress (σ) in the three vocal fold tissue layers were also calculated. A fiber-gel finite element model developed at National Center for Voice and Speech was used for this purpose. Muscle activation plots were generated to obtain the dependency of postural and acoustic features on TA and CT muscle activations. These relationships were compared against data obtained from previous in vivo human larynx studies and from canine laryngeal studies. General trends are that fo and SPL increase with CT activation, while NSC decreases when CT activation is raised above 20%. With TA activation, acoustic features have no uniform trends, except SPL increases uniformly with TA if there is a co-variation with CT activation. Trends for postural variables and material properties are also discussed in terms of activation levels.

Vocal fold vibration viewed from the tracheal side in living human beings

1996 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Yumoto ◽  
Yoshimi Kadota ◽  
Toshihiro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Anterior Commissure ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Oblique View ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Vocal Process ◽  
Inferior Aspect

The mucosal upheaval where the mucosal wave starts and propagates upward appears on the lower surface of the canine vocal fold during vibration. We investigated the vibratory behavior of the in vivo human vocal fold viewed from the tracheal side. Subjects consisted of 14 men and 6 women who had undergone tracheostomy for various head and neck diseases; their ages ranged from 22 to 70 years, with a mean of 53.9 years. The inferior aspect of the vocal fold during phonation was observed with the aid of a rigid oblique-view endoscope inserted through a tracheostome (inferior glottoscopy). Each subject was asked to sustain the vowel / a/ at a comfortable pitch and loudness (easy phonation) and then at a higher pitch. Inferior glottoscopy could be performed during easy phonation in 19 subjects and during high-pitched phonation in 10 subjects. During easy phonation, the mucosal upheaval appeared on the lower surface of the vocal fold between the anterior commissure and the vocal process in all 19 subjects. During high-pitched phonation, the vocal fold became longer, and the subglottic vault surrounded by the bilateral mucosal upheavals became narrower compared with those during easy phonation. Use of a dilated blood vessel as a landmark in one subject showed the location of the mucosal upheaval on the vocal fold mucosa to actually shift medially toward the oral side during high-pitched phonation. Despite structural differences between the human and canine vocal folds, the infraglottic aspect of the vocal fold vibration observed in the living human larynx was quite similar to that observed in the excised canine larynx (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996;115:329-34.)

Effect of Subglottic Pressure on Fundamental Frequency of the Canine Larynx with Active Muscle Tensions

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Pearl Solomon ◽  
Kang Liu ◽  
Tzu-Yu Hsiao ◽  
Erich S. Luschei ◽  
Tsu-Ching Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Stiffness Properties ◽  
Stimulation Of

The relation between subglottic pressure and the fundamental frequency of vocal fold vibration was studied by means of evoked phonation in an in vivo canine model. The evoked-phonation model involved electrical stimulation of the midbrain that resulted in consistent responses by respiratory and laryngeal musculature, accompanied by phonation. The dynamic stiffness properties of the vocal folds, especially the “cover,” were investigated by delivering various amounts of air pressure to the larynx from an opening in the trachea. The fundamental frequency of vocal fold vibration increased linearly with subglottic pressure. The slopes ranged from 22.4 to 118.7 Hz per kilopascal in 7 animals. The results indicated that the dependence of fundamental frequency on subglottic pressure is a passive mechanical phenomenon.

Measurement of Vocal Fold Collision Forces During Phonation

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Gunter ◽  
Robert D. Howe ◽  
Steven M. Zeitels ◽  
James B. Kobler ◽  
Robert E. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Collision Force

Forces applied to vocal fold tissue as the vocal folds collide may cause tissue injury that manifests as benign organic lesions. A novel method for measuring this quantity in humans in vivo uses a low-profile force sensor that extends along the length and depth of the glottis. Sensor design facilitates its placement and stabilization so that phonation can be initiated and maintained while it is in place, with minimal interference in vocal fold vibration. In 2 individuals with 1 vibrating vocal fold and 1 nonvibrating vocal fold, peak collision force correlates more strongly with voice intensity than pitch. Vocal fold collision forces in 1 individual with 2 vibrating vocal folds are of the same order of magnitude as in previous studies. Correlations among peak collision force, voice intensity, and pitch were indeterminate in this participant because of the small number of data points. Sensor modifications are proposed so that it can be used to reliably estimate collision force in individuals with 2 vibrating vocal folds and with changing vocal tract conformations.

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