Effects of Platelet Activating Factor on Vascular Permeability of the Middle Ear Mucosa

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 604-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Ku Rhee ◽  
Yong-Soo Park ◽  
Timothy T. K. Jung ◽  
Steven A. Long ◽  
David Davamony
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Potent Inflammatory Mediator

Platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator, seems to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME), along with other inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PAF on the vascular permeability of middle ear mucosa, in an experimental OME model using chinchillas. We injected PAF in doses of 1, 4, 8, and 16 μg and normal saline as a control into the bullae of chinchillas. Vascular permeability was measured by the Evans blue vital dye technique. All the PAF-injected animals showed a significant increase in middle ear vascular permeability compared to the control group. This study demonstrated that PAF in the middle ear cavity contributes significantly to the development of OME by increasing the vascular permeability of the middle ear mucosa.

Effects of Platelet Activating Factor on the Tubotympanic Mucosa and Inner Ear in the Guinea Pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Ohno ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Okamoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Sugiura ◽  
Yoshiaki Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

The effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) was studied to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss. The PAF alone did not induce a reduction of ciliary activity of the cultured middle ear mucosa. However, a dose-dependent decrease in ciliary activity was observed in the presence of the medium containing both PAF and macrophages. Intravenous injection of PAF did not induce dysfunction of the mucociliary system or morphologic changes of epithelium in the tubotympanum, but cytoplasmic vacuolization and ballooning were observed in the inner ear within 1 hour after injection of PAF. In contrast, intratympanic injection of PAF induced mucociliary dysfunction and some pathologic changes in the tubotympanum. Intratympanic inoculation of PAF induced no pathologic findings in the inner ear. These results suggest that PAF is at least partially involved in the pathogenesis of certain middle ear diseases such as otitis media with effusion. Additionally, PAF might be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.

The anti-inflammatory effects of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and roxithromycin on histamine-induced otitis media with effusion in guinea pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ersoy ◽  
B Aktan ◽  
K Kilic ◽  
M S Sakat ◽  
S Sipal
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

AbstractBackgroundOtitis media with effusion is a clinical manifestation characterised by inflammation of middle-ear mucosa. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and roxithromycin on a histamine-induced animal model of otitis media with effusion.MethodsThe animals were divided into five groups, receiving erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin or saline solution. The guinea pigs in the study groups received erythromycin (40 mg/kg/day), clarithromycin (15 mg/kg/day), azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day) or roxithromycin (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 days by gastric tube. Four hours after the end of the administration, histamine solution was injected into the right middle ear.ResultsThe lowest neutrophil density value obtained using stereological techniques was in the azithromycin group (0.86 ± 0.25 × 10−5/μm3), while the highest value was observed in the control group (6.68 ± 3.12 × 10−5/μm3). The anti-inflammatory properties of clarithromycin, azithromycin and roxithromycin were similar to one another, but better than that of erythromycin.ConclusionThe use of macrolide antibiotics is recommended, as they show antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy in otitis media with effusion.

Efficacy of medical treatment as an adjunct to surgery in the treatment of secretory otitis media

1986 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1347-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. J. Lesser ◽  
M. I. Clayton ◽  
D. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Effusion

AbstractIn a pilot controlled randomised trial of 38 children who had bilateral secretory otitis media, with effusion demonstrated at operation, we compared the efficacy of a six-week course of an oral decongestant—antihistamine combination and a mucolytic preparation with a control group in preventing the presence of middle-ear effusion six weeks after myringotomy and adenoidectomy. The mucolytic preparation decreased the presence of middle-ear effusion when compared to the decongestant-antihistamine combination and the control group (p=0.06).

Transtympanic versus intramuscular steroid administration in a histamine-induced inflammatory middle-ear model

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 630-634
Author(s):  
T S Chimona ◽  
J G Panayiotides ◽  
C E Papadakis ◽  
E S Helidonis ◽  
G A Velegrakis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Vascular Dilatation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histamine Challenge ◽  
Inflammatory Component

Objectives: Assessment of the histopathologic effect of transtympanic and intramuscular administration of dexamethasone in an in vivo experimental animal model of middle-ear mucosal inflammation.Methods: Fifty healthy rabbits weighting 1500–1800 g were randomly divided in three groups. In 10 animals (control group), 0.5 ml of a 20 mg/ml histamine solution was injected transtympanically. In 20 rabbits (group A), histamine challenge followed a three day intramuscular pretreatment with dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg per day. In 20 rabbits (group B), histamine challenge followed pretreatment with dexamethasone via a transtympanic route (0.3 ml, 1.2 mg dexamethasone). Middle-ear mucosa was obtained for histopathology 30 minutes after histamine administration. The following parameters were assessed: inflammation, acute inflammatory component, presence of eosinophils, inflammatory activity and fibrosis.Results: Oedema, vascular dilatation and congestion, inflammation, the presence of an acute (polymorphonuclear) inflammatory component, the presence of eosinophils, and inflammatory activity were found to be of a lesser grade in the mucosae of group B. All differences were found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.01) using the Mann–Whitney test.Conclusion: Our findings validate the transtympanic route of dexamethasone administration in counteracting histamine effects.

Role of Ige-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Otitis Media with Effusion: Pathophysiologic Considerations

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Bernstein ◽  
William J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Accessory Cell ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Ige Mediated

A pathophysiologic model of otitis media with effusion secondary to IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is described. Specific mediators of inflammation are released by mucosal mast cells in the nasal mucosa following the interaction of antigen and specific IgE antibody. These mediators increase vascular permeability, mucosal blood flow, and, most important, mucus production. Furthermore, accessory cell types are recruited by colony-stimulating factors that in turn provide an autocrine-positive feedback for the influx of further inflammatory cells. The eustachian tube is then effectively obstructed by both intrinsic venous engorgement and extrinsic mucus plugs, isolating the middle ear space from the ambient environment The net result is the increased exchange of nitrogen into the middle ear mucosa from the middle ear cavity. This causes the development of a significant middle ear underpressure that disrupts tight junctions and allows for transudation of fluids into the middle ear space. The prolonged obstruction of the eustachian tube with mucus results in middle ear inflammation, mucosal metaplasia, and increased glandular activities, all of which are hallmarks of chronic otitis media with effusion.

scholarly journals Measuring Thickness of Middle Ear Mucosa Using MRI and CT Imaging versus Histopathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Nyc ◽  
Sang Gyoon Kim ◽  
Anil Kapoor ◽  
Timothy Jung
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Temporal Bones

Objective. Otitis media (OM) is characterized by increased middle ear effusion and inflammation of middle ear tissue. In this study, we compared two radiographic methods of analyzing inflammation by measuring mucosal thickness (MT).Methods. 28 chinchillas were divided into three treatment groups consisting of a vehicle control group and two glucocorticoid groups. 6 underwent treatment by vehicle control, 10 were treated with ciprofloxacin 0.3%/dexamethasone 0.1% (DEX), and 10 received ciprofloxacin 0.2%/hydrocortisone 1% (HC). 96 hrs post-LPS inoculation, chinchillas were euthanized and their temporal bones were removed for analyses.Results. MRI scans (F=146.0861,P-value <0.0001) and histology (χ2=40.5267,P-value <0.0001) revealed statistically significant differences in MT measurements among treatment groups, whereas CT imaging did not. DEX-treated chinchillas exhibited overall significantly smaller MT values.Conclusion. Imaging MT was effective for determining severity of inflammation due to OM. Previous gold standard methods using histopathology compromise tissue integrity by chemical manipulation and dehydration effects. MRI and CT scanning are viable tools to preserve tissue and examine changes in MT. In this study, MRI provided more information about internal, soft tissue structures. In a clinical setting, MRI could be used for diagnosing and tracking severe or chronic OM.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induced cytokine production and otitis media with effusion (OME) in the rat middle ear

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Ogura ◽  
Masayuki Furukawa ◽  
Naoki Tada ◽  
Hiroki Ikeda ◽  
Toshio Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor

Protease Inhibitors in Middle Ear Effusions from Experimental Otitis Media with Effusion: Kinetics of α1-Antitrypsin and α2-Macroglobulin Levels

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiyoshi Hamaguchi ◽  
Steven K. Juhn ◽  
Yasuo Sakakura
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Functional Assays ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Serous Otitis Media ◽  
Kinetics Of

Alpha 1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2-M) were measured by both immunochemical and functional assays in paired plasma and middle ear effusions (MEEs) from experimental otitis media models (serous otitis media [SOM], purulent otitis media [POM], and SOM + POM). The MEE/plasma ratio of α1-AT in SOM was significantly higher than that in POM (p< .01) because of the high α1-AT level in POM plasma. The ratio of both antitryptic activity and trypsin-binding activity in POM was significantly higher than that in SOM + POM (p< .01, < .05), and significantly lower than that in SOM (p< .01). The majority of both inhibitors in SOM exist as the free state, and the reaction between proteases and inhibitors in POM and SOM + POM is more active than that in SOM. It is concluded that both α1-AT and α2-M appear to play an important role in the protection of middle ear mucosa by forming protease-inhibitor complexes to reduce proteolytic damage in POM and SOM + POM models.

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