The Policy and Ethical Implications of Genetic Research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Max Yeh ◽  
Katherine I. Morley ◽  
Wayne D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objective To review the policy and ethical implications of recent research on the molecular genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method MEDLINE and psyclNFO database searches were used to identify studies on the genetics of ADHD. The implications of replicated candidate genes are discussed. Results The findings for most genes have been inconsistent but several studies have implicated the genes in the dopaminergic pathway in the aetiology of ADHD. Conclusions The current evidence on the genetics of ADHD is insufficient to justify genetic screening tests but it will provide important clues as to the aetiology of ADHD. Genetic information on susceptibility to ADHD has the potential to be abused and to stigmatize individuals. Researchers and clinicians need to be mindful of these issues in interpreting and disseminating the results of genetic studies of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, ethics, genetics, policy implications.

EARLY RECOGNIZATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER BY VANDERBILT ADHD RATING SCALE FOR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dinh Duong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo ◽  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Han Vo ◽  
Huu Chau Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to examine the associated factors with ADHD among primary students by Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for teacher and parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 564 students who selected randomly in 4 primary schools in Hue city. Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for parents and teachers were applied to evaluate the ADHD of children over 6 months ago. Results: The overall prevalence of children who had high risk with ADHD was 4.1% (95%CI: 2.44 - 5.72), including 4.6% and 4.8% in the rating of teachers and parents, respectively. Male was more likely to have ADHD than female (OR adj: 4.64 (95%CI: 1.53 - 14.05) and lack of closely friend (OR adj: 5.11 (95% CI: 2.13 - 12.24). Conclusion: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnosis rating scale for teachers and parents can be used to early recognization children with a high risk of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, Vanderbilt, ratings scale, teacher, parent, children

scholarly journals Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
Brendan Belsham ◽  
Michael H Bloch ◽  
Maite Ferrin ◽  
Mats Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

While pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions are recommended as the primary frontline treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alternative approaches to managing ADHD are becoming increasingly popular among patients and their families. Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is an example of this. PUFA supplementation is not recommended by guidelines for managing ADHD; however, patients may still decide to use it. To provide direction to healthcare professionals (HCPs) managing ADHD, eight international experts in the field of adult and child ADHD came together for the Continuum Education Board: Omega Supplements in ADHD meeting. This commentary summarises the panel's consensus that current evidence suggests PUFA supplementation has a small beneficial effect on behaviour in children with ADHD, and that further high-quality research is needed to clearly evaluate and define its role in the management of ADHD of children, adolescents and adults. The panel concluded that in cases where patients use PUFA supplementation, HCPs should be comfortable explaining the potential gains that they may have and their possible side effects. The panel also concluded HCPs should not reinforce the idea that PUFA supplementation should replace treatment approaches with a more robust evidence base for managing ADHD.

Autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Cognitive Enhancement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Dud ◽  
Louise Brennan ◽  
Dene Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders. Impairments in attention and executive functions are core characteristics of ADHD. ASD is primarily characterized by severe deficits in social communication, but cognitive impairments are common, including in attention and executive functions. Currently, there is only limited evidence for efficacy of either pharmacological or behavioral interventions for the treatment of the cognitive deficits associated with the disorders. This chapter presents the current evidence base for cognitive enhancements for ADHD and ASD. It summarizes evidence from available and experimental pharmacological interventions, as well as behavioral, cognitive, and psychosocial interventions. The chapter also discusses the limitations of current tools and future directions.

scholarly journals Current Evidence in Management of Concussion Baseline Testing in ADHD and Learning Difficulties Patients: A Critically Appraised Topic

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindi Fisher ◽  
Ryan Tierney ◽  
Anne Russ ◽  
Jamie Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Baseline Testing

Clinical Question: In concussed patients, will having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or learning difficulties (LD) versus not having ADHD or LD cause higher symptom severity scores or invalid baseline protocols? Clinical Bottom Line: Research supports the concept that there is a difference at baseline for individuals with ADHD and/or LD compared with those who do not.

Irish adolescents with ADHD and comorbid substance use disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamede Edokpolo ◽  
Nnamdi Nkire ◽  
Bobby P Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
English Language ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractObjectives:To examine the literature for drug treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents with co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD), the challenges posed by this, and make recommendations taking into account current trend in Ireland.Methods:Articles published from 1992-2008 were identified using OVID-MEDLINE search using the search terms attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder. Studies cited include review articles, epidemiological studies, experimental researches, open and controlled trials of drugs in ADHD with comorbid SUD and clinical guidelines. No non-English language papers were included.Results:Thirty-six studies were examined. A number of the papers reported on the link between ADHD and SUD, that they frequently co-occur, and there is evidence that treating ADHD can reduce the risk of future SUD. Some of the studies reviewed demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of ADHD medication on the ADHD symptoms but less so on the SUD. Concerns around stimulant abuse and diversion are valid. Although there is no current evidence of frequent diversion of ADHD medications in Ireland, this practice is prevalent in the US. Consequently psychiatrists should remain vigilant to the possibility of such diversions and take measures to address them if identified.Conclusions:The available evidence suggests that medication is not hazardous in ADHD comorbid with SUD. Pharmacological treatment of ADHD, following consideration of potential risks and benefits, is justified in the presence of SUD. Both methylphenidate and atomoxetine can be used. Stabilisation of serious SUD before pharmacotherapy is preferable, and it is advisable to provide psychological treatment to address SUD in these patients.

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