Broken Promises: Reading Instruction in the Resource Room

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Vaughn ◽  
Sally Watson Moody ◽  
Jeanne Shay Schumm
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Resource Room ◽  
School Year ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Reading Abilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In The Beginning

Reading instruction and grouping practices provided for students with learning disabilities (LD) by special education teachers in the resource room were examined. Fourteen special education teachers representing 13 schools were observed three times over the course of 1 year and interviewed in the beginning and end of the school year. Results indicated that teachers primarily provided whole group reading instruction to relatively large groups of students (5 to 19), and little differentiated instruction or materials were provided despite the wide range (3 to 5 grade levels) of reading abilities represented. Most teachers identified whole language as their primary approach to reading, and little instruction that addressed word recognition or comprehension was observed.

Reading Instruction in the Resource Room: Set up for Failure

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Watson Moody ◽  
Sharon Vaughn ◽  
Marie Tejero Hughes ◽  
Meryl Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Resource Room ◽  
Grouping Practices ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Individualized Activities

The reading instruction, grouping practices, and outcomes for students with learning disabilities (LD) in resource room settings were examined. The study was a follow-up of an observational study done 2 years previously (Vaughn, Moody, & Schumm, 1998). Whole class instruction was the dominant grouping format although several teachers used small groups and individualized activities. Half of the special education teachers provided differentiated materials and instruction to match the learning levels of the students that they taught. Overall, no significant gains in reading comprehension were evidenced by students in this study. Results from the fluency tests also revealed inadequate student progress in reading. The failure of the present structure of the resource room to provide opportunities for a special education is discussed.

Beginning Special Education Teachers' Classroom Reading Instruction: Practices That Engage Elementary Students with Learning Disabilities

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonjin Seo ◽  
Mary T. Brownell ◽  
Anne G. Bishop ◽  
Mary Dingle
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Beginning Teachers ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Instructional Quality ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Student Needs ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Student Autonomy

Researchers conducted a study that examined the classroom reading practices of beginning special education teachers and each teacher's ability to promote student engagement. The researchers observed 14 beginning special education teachers over a 6-month period and identified the teachers as most engaging, highly engaging, moderately engaging, or low engaging. Through qualitative data analysis, researchers identified 4 themes related to instructional engagement that differentiated the teachers: instructional quality, responsiveness to student needs, socioemotional climate of the classroom, and student autonomy. Although the most engaging and highly engaging teachers were relatively consistent in demonstrating these themes, most other teachers were not. This article discusses these findings in light of previous research on beginning teachers and makes suggestions for additional research.

scholarly journals Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic for Students with Learning Disabilities: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egija Laganovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
General Education ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
School Year ◽  
Remote Learning

The situation in general education in Latvia has changed since the spring semester of 2020. On the 13th of March 2020 Latvia temporarily introduced remote training at all stages of education. The government regularly monitored the spread of the COVID-19 virus and the number of infections, so restrictions in different areas have changed frequently. Educational institutions for students of 1st–12th grade (ages 6–17) in the 2020/2021 school year worked under fluctuating circumstances, and most of the learning process took place remotely. For most of the 2020/2021 school year, teaching and learning were thus largely based on technology and online teaching. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on various aspects of life, such as the economy, education, and social life. This time has led to challenges as well as opportunities for students, teachers, and parents. It has also affected the learning process for students with learning disabilities. For grades 1–12, the Individualised Education Plan (IEP) was developed in Latvia for students with learning disabilities. The IEP had to be adapted to the broader situation, and to work towards its betterment special education teachers participated in the preparation and organisation of the IEP. The aim of this study is to explore the opinions of special education teachers and to examine what support measures are provided for students with learning disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. What are the challenges (barriers, obstacles) and what are the opportunities (benefits) of remote learning? Our research methods involved a literature analysis, a survey of special education teachers from Latvia, and a data collection effort and analysis. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms. During this research, 70 special education teachers were surveyed.

scholarly journals Phonology-based reading instruction to improve dyslexic students’ early reading ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranti Novianti ◽  
S. Syihabuddin ◽  
Endang Rochyadi
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
Phonics Instruction ◽  
Reading Abilities ◽  
Dyslexic Students

Dyslexic students struggle to learn how to read. Yet, few studies reported on how dyslexic students learn to read. In this respect, special education teachers have adopted a myriad of ways to overcome dyslexic students’ reading problems. To respond to this need, the purpose of this study is to examine how phonology-based reading instruction could help dyslexic students improve their early reading abilities. Grounded in a mixed methods research design, four dyslexic students of primary school were recruited to participate in this study. The results of the study showed that the phonology-based reading instruction had a positive impact on improving the dyslexic students’ early reading abilities, particularly in Bahasa Indonesian-medium reading texts. This suggests that phonology-based reading instruction could effectively be implemented if special education teachers could enact phonological instruction as a prerequisite for identifying the students’ early reading ability and phonics instruction as an instructional reinforcement for building students’ early reading repertoire.

Licensure Tests for Special Education Teachers

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Stotsky
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Phonemic Awareness ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Licensure Tests

To determine the extent to which knowledge of evidence-based reading instruction and mathematics is assessed on licensure tests for prospective special education teachers, this study drew on information provided by Educational Testing Service (ETS), the American Board for Certification of Teacher Excellence, and National Evaluation Systems (now Evaluation Systems group of Pearson). It estimated the percentage of test items on phonemic awareness, phonics, and vocabulary knowledge and on mathematics content. It also analyzed descriptions of ETS’s tests of “principles of teaching and learning.” Findings imply that prospective special education teachers should be required to take both a dedicated test of evidence-based reading instructional knowledge, as in California, Massachusetts, and Virginia, and a test of mathematical knowledge, as in Massachusetts. States must design their own tests of teaching principles to assess knowledge of evidence-based educational theories.

A Statewide Exploration of the Nature and Use of Curriculum in Special Education

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna J. Sands ◽  
Lois Adams ◽  
Donna M. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Life Skill ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Service Delivery Models ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Compensatory Skills ◽  
Delivery Models

This study reports the results of a statewide survey of the beliefs and practices, regarding curriculum, of 341 elementary and secondary special education teachers serving students with a variety of disabilities. Findings indicate that (a) teacher training in curriculum development occurs mostly on the job; (b) teachers want training in teaching compensatory skills and life skills; (c) teachers believe that the IEP constitutes the curriculum for students with disabilities; (d) teacher judgment primarily guides the content of classroom instruction; (e) teachers focus principally on academic remediation versus life-skill or other instruction; (f) curriculum focus varies little across service-delivery models, but does vary by grade level; and (g) minimal articulation of curriculum exists across grade levels.

Students with Learning Disabilities at Primary, Intermediate, and Secondary Grade Levels: Identification and Characteristics

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McLeskey
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
School Year ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Descriptive Information ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
End Of Grade

This study provided descriptive information about 790 students with learning disabilities at primary (K-2), intermediate (3–5), and secondary (6–12) grade levels who were identified during the 1987–88 school year in Indiana. The results revealed that identification of students with learning disabilities peaked in the first grade, and that 76% of these students were identified by the end of grade 5. Furthermore, students with more severe discrepancies tended to be identified at the primary level; discrepancies became less severe in higher grade levels. Additional findings were reviewed, and the results of the investigation were compared to previous large-scale studies of students with learning disabilities.

Culturally Responsive Reading Instruction for Students With Learning Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lefki Kourea ◽  
Lenwood Gibson ◽  
Robai Werunga
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
Context Specific

As student populations are becoming more diverse in ability and ethnicity across American classrooms, teachers are faced with instructional challenges in meeting their students’ learning needs. Challenges are heightened for general and special education teachers who teach students with learning disabilities (LD) and have a culturally and linguistically diverse background. This article analyzes three main domains of culturally responsive reading instruction for students with LD: (a) instructional delivery, (b) environmental support, and (c) curriculum context. Specific strategies and teaching tools are described in each domain to assist teachers in making their daily reading instruction more culturally responsive and relevant to the needs of their students.

scholarly journals Developing Reading Instruction Observation Protocols for Special Education Teachers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ann Moylan
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Rigorous Testing ◽  
Observation Protocol ◽  
Decoding Instruction ◽  
Observation Protocols

Considerable resources have been invested in identifying effective reading instruction methods for students with disabilities. Unfortunately, students are not routinely receiving instruction aligned with these practices, impacting their ability to reach their potential. To improve reading instruction, teachers need to receive observation feedback and evaluations reflecting instructional practices shown to be effective. One way to ensure teachers are provided with feedback consistent with evidence based reading instruction is to develop observation protocols aligned to these practices. This dissertation addresses this problem with three distinct, yet interconnected, articles detailing the development of reading instruction observation protocols designed to provide accurate teacher evaluations and feedback to improve reading instruction for students with disabilities. Each protocol is part of the larger Recognizing Effective Special Education Teachers (RESET) observation system. The first article explains the framework that was applied to develop both the observation system and an explicit instruction observation protocol. The second and third articles describe the development of a comprehension and a decoding instruction observation protocol. Development included a comprehensive review of literature and rigorous testing. Results indicate the explicit instruction, comprehension, and decoding instruction protocols will provide reliable evaluations of a teacher’s ability to implement instruction consistent with practices most effective for students with disabilities. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.

Reading and Writing: Integrating Software into the Curriculum

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libby G. Cohen ◽  
Loraine J. Spenciner
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
Resource Room ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Writing Curricula

This study investigated how rural special education teachers and students use computer technology when working on reading, spelling, and writing activities. The results indicate that computers are not very well integrated in reading, spelling, or writing curricula. When students do use computers, they use them by themselves in the resource room or in the special classroom for reinforcement activities. Assistive devices, which could make computers accessible, are, for the most part, unavailable. Despite the evidence of the benefits of the use of microcomputers and software by students with special needs, this technology remains largely untapped.

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