Issues and Challenges of MSP as an Income Enhancement Approach in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Chitrasen Bhue ◽  
Renbeni Kikon
Keyword(s):  
Safety Net ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
The North ◽  
Level Data ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Support Price ◽  
Assessment Survey

Given the proliferating agricultural crisis and cumulative farmer distress, minimum support price (MSP) as an income enhancement approach in Indian agriculture has been contextualised in this study using the unit-level data of NSSO on Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households (2013). The study tries to understand level of awareness and accessibility of MSP, magnitude of difference among the states and reasons for poor accessibility. The classification of states based on awareness about MSP and procuring agencies (PA) and magnitude of sale to PA at MSP shows that Bihar, including the North-Eastern states of Assam, Tripura and Meghalaya, is the low-ranking state. Although MSP works as a safety net for market risk, low level of awareness, pre-harvest sale and non-availability of PA are some of the important issues which need to be addressed for achieving the goals.

Active-middle alignment and the aoristic drift

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
Delia Bentley
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western

In the classification of Romance along a northern–southern continuum the languages which exhibit patterns of active-middle alignment (notably, the HABERE ~ ESSE alternation in the perfect) are also known to have undergone the aoristic drift. This article starts from Smith’s (2016) observation that the north-western oïl varieties have maintained the preterite, while also alternating the two auxiliaries, whereas the north-eastern oïl varieties have lost the HABERE ~ ESSE alternation and undergone the aoristic drift. It is argued that the developments which have occurred in the north-western varieties are not theoretically challenging or unique within the Romània. With respect to the generalization of habere in the north-eastern areas and, less conspicuously, throughout Gallo-Romance, it is claimed that this development was engendered by the rise of a dependent-marking system which follows undifferentiated nominative alignment. It is concluded that the modern Romània exhibits a stronghold of active-middle alignment in a group of central languages, which are essentially head marking.

Eucalyptus fusiformis (Myrtaceae), a new species of Ironbark (in the Informal E. series Paniculatae Pryor et Johnson) from North-eastern NSW.

Brunonia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
DJ Boland ◽  
DA Kleinig ◽  
JJ Brophy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Eucalyptus fusiformis Boland et Kleinig, from the north coast of New South Wales is described. Its taxonomic position is in E. subgenus Symphyomyrtus series Paniculatae following the informal classification of eucalypts proposed by Pryor and Johnson (1971). E. fusiformis is characterised by its flowers, fruits and adult leaves. In the bud the staminal filaments are fully inflected while the androecium has outer staminodes and the anthers are cuboid and adnate. The fruits are narrow, often truncate fusiform, tapering into long slender pedicels. The adult leaves are dull grey, concolorous and hypoamphistomatic. The species resembles the more numerous and often co-occurring ironbark E. siderophloia which has similar adult and seedling leaves. The volatile oils of both species are very similar. The ecology, distribution, taxonomic affinities and conservation status are discussed.

scholarly journals Morphological classification of conspecific birds from closely situated breeding areas – A case study of the Common Nightingale

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Kováts ◽  
Andrea Harnos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Bill Length

Abstract In this paper, a complex morphological comparison of four Common Nightingale groups (Luscinia megarhynchos) is demonstrated. In total, 121 territorial nightingales were mist-netted and measured individually on four study areas called ‘Bódva’, ‘Felső-Tisza’, ‘Szatmár-Bereg’ and ‘Bátorliget’ in the North-Eastern part of Hungary in 2006–2013. To distinguish groups by morphology, Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) methods were used. Comparison of the four studied Common Nightingale groups shows substantial morphological differences in the length of the second, the third and the fourth primaries (P2, P3, P4), in bill length (BL) and bill width (BW), while other characteristics showed greater similarities. Based on the results of all the applied classification methods, birds originated from Szatmár-Bereg were clearly distinguishable from the others. The differences in morphology can be explained by interspecific competition or phenotypic plasticity resulting from the change of ecological, environmental parameters. Our case study highlights the advantageous differences of the classification methods to distinguish groups with similar morphology and to choose important variables for classification. In conclusion, broad application of the classification methods RF and CART is highly recommended in comparative ecological studies.

scholarly journals Roman settlement pattern and LCP modelling in ancient North-Eastern Pannonia (Hungary)

2016 ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Bence Simon
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Cost Paths ◽  
Least Cost Paths ◽  
North Eastern Part

Roman times are known as an epoch when man subdued nature all over the \textit{orbis terrarum}, however all humans were and are still bound by certain environmental conditions, therefore in settling a special dichotomy can be observed. In my present study I am analysing the Roman settlement patterns of the North-Eastern part of Pannonia by evaluating field-walking material and results of excavations. The classification of the sites is mainly based on building material and pottery collected on the field. After examining the structure of settlements with the assistance of GIS technologies, I assess how the least cost paths calculated from the relief of terrain influenced settling.

Classification of the floodplain meadows of the Seym and the Dnieper river valleys in the north-eastern part of Ukraine

Biologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Mykola Kozyr ◽  
Olexander Senchylo
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
North Eastern Part

Access to Non-farm Employment in Contemporary India: A Study of Bihar and Punjab

Social Change ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-547
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Labour Markets ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
Situational Assessment

Rural non-farm diversification in India is taking up new roles amidst increasing agrarian distress. In this context, two issues have been examined in this paper: first, the nature of rural non-farm diversification, and second, the accessibility of households to rural non-farm employment in the states of Bihar and Punjab. The study is predominantly based on unit level data of the latest round of the Situational Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households (NSSO). Findings suggest that while non-farm activities are largely adopted by landless and marginal land households in both states, there are a few lucrative options available which are being accessed by large landholders in Punjab. Overall, caste, gender and education are dominant determinants that work as barriers to the entry for rural households. The findings recommend that institutional reforms along with public policies should be prioritised towards generating sustainable non-farm livelihood options while eliminating multi-dimensional exclusions in rural labour markets considering regional prerequisites.

Dynamics and growth of a bivalve, Abra tenuis, at the northern edge of its distribution

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dekker ◽  
J. J. Beukema
Keyword(s):  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
High Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Cold Spring ◽  
Eastern Edge

The small bivalve Abra tennis (Montagu) (Bivalvia: Semelidae) reaches the north-eastern edge of its range in the Wadden Sea near the Dutch/German border. In the Wadden Sea it is restricted to a narrow intertidal zone close to the high-water level. Data are reported from a population at Balgzand, in the south-westernmost part of the Wadden Sea, which has been monitored for two decades. This population showed a strongly fluctuating density and was seemingly absent for more than three years following three severe winters in succession. Over-winter survival in adults was greater during mild than cold winters, and close to zero during all winters that were colder than average. Recruitment was higher in warm than in cold summers. Growth was more rapid in warm than in cold spring-summer periods. In warm years growth rates were higher than in more southern locations, and values for maximum size and life span were relatively high.

scholarly journals The Potential Of Geomatics In The Realization Of A Map Of Desertification Sensitivity Southern Massif Belezma - Batna - (Algeria)

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Benmessaoud ◽  
F. Chergui ◽  
R. Sahnouni ◽  
C. Chafai
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Sustained Reduction ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Human Reality ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
North Eastern Part

Desertification is the gradual and sustained reduction in the quantity and quality of the biological productivity of arid and semi-arid land. <br><br> The study area is located in the North Eastern part of Algeria, it has a rich heritage in its biodiversity, however weather conditions and adverse human reality, induce a degradation of the physical environment in the form of a regression of vegetation cover. To assess desertification in our study area map of desertification sensitivity is a tool for decision support. <br><br> For the realization of this Map we used the ArcGis software applied a methodology which is inspired by the concept MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use, 1999) by crossing four thematic layers that may have an impact on the process of desertification. <br><br> The results of Cartography and statistical analysis permit the classification of our region in terms of sensitivity to desertification in four very important classes. (Not affected, Insensitive, Sensitive and highly sensitive). <br><br> More than 69.92% of the surface area were classified sensitive to very sensitive, For against 30.07% is classified in unallocated insensitive. <br><br> Planning restoration work and the fight against desertification are expected to limit the risk of desertification in the study area perspectives.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Agitation in India Due to Audacious Farm Bill of 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Subhendu Bhattacharya ◽  
Utsavi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Crop Insurance ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Minimum Support ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Support Price ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Support

Farmers are doing primary and significant duty for the society by engaging in agriculture. They are tirelessly ploughing the field, planting the seed, watering the land and yielding crops. Production of cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetable are necessary to feed people of billion plus nation and ensuring food security. It is necessity of the government to provide necessary support with legislation of law, enactment of the same, crop insurance and provision of subsidy for agricultural inputs. There should be advancement in irrigation facility, application of biotechnology, credit facility, land reform and availability of market. But new framed agricultural reform act enraged the farmers and injected fear in their mind. Farmers feel apprehensive regarding the restructuring of the Indian agriculture. There is a shadow of uncertainty about annulment of minimum support price facility. It is presumed that new farm bill would take away Mandi facility which so far gave assurance to selling of crop. Although middle men were involved in the process, farmers were sanguine about selling of agricultural output with intermediation of them. Farmers so far enjoyed crop insurance and minimum support price for agricultural output. But newly passed bill in parliament spread tension among farmers about future uncertainties. Fear and ambiguity lingered with respect to corporate support and assurance. Loss of land and livelihood to corporate also gripped the minds. Question revolved about farmers wherewithal and whereabouts if corporates fail to buy crop or agricultural output. Like majority of Indian citizen, farmers are devoid of social security measure. Corporate indifference might cause grave loss for poor farmers in the absence of safety net. But sticking to this defunct system, would result in more harm than good for Indian farmers.

scholarly journals Classification of down-core foraminifera image sets using convolutional neural networks.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Marchant ◽  
Martin Tetard ◽  
Adnya Pratiwi ◽  
Thibault de Garidel-Thoron
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
The North ◽  
Manual Counting ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Image Set

Manual identification of foraminifera species or morphotypes under stereoscopic microscopes is time-consuming for the taxonomist, and a long-time goal has been automating this process to improve efficiency and repeatability. Recent advances in computation hardware have seen deep convolutional neural networks emerge as the state-of-the-art technique for image-based automated classification. Here, we describe a method for classifying large down-core foraminifera image set using convolutional neural networks. Construction of the classifier is demonstrated on the publically available Endless Forams image set with an best accuracy of approximately 90%. A complete down-core analysis is performed for benthic species in the Holocene period for core MD02-2518 from the North Eastern Pacific, and the relative abundances compare favourably with manual counting, showing the same signal dynamics. Using our workflow opens the way to automated paleo-reconstruction based on computer image analysis, and can be employed using our labelling and classification software, ParticleTrieur.

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