Access to Non-farm Employment in Contemporary India: A Study of Bihar and Punjab

Social Change ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-547
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Labour Markets ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
Situational Assessment

Rural non-farm diversification in India is taking up new roles amidst increasing agrarian distress. In this context, two issues have been examined in this paper: first, the nature of rural non-farm diversification, and second, the accessibility of households to rural non-farm employment in the states of Bihar and Punjab. The study is predominantly based on unit level data of the latest round of the Situational Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households (NSSO). Findings suggest that while non-farm activities are largely adopted by landless and marginal land households in both states, there are a few lucrative options available which are being accessed by large landholders in Punjab. Overall, caste, gender and education are dominant determinants that work as barriers to the entry for rural households. The findings recommend that institutional reforms along with public policies should be prioritised towards generating sustainable non-farm livelihood options while eliminating multi-dimensional exclusions in rural labour markets considering regional prerequisites.

Issues and Challenges of MSP as an Income Enhancement Approach in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Chitrasen Bhue ◽  
Renbeni Kikon
Keyword(s):  
Safety Net ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
The North ◽  
Level Data ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Support Price ◽  
Assessment Survey

Given the proliferating agricultural crisis and cumulative farmer distress, minimum support price (MSP) as an income enhancement approach in Indian agriculture has been contextualised in this study using the unit-level data of NSSO on Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households (2013). The study tries to understand level of awareness and accessibility of MSP, magnitude of difference among the states and reasons for poor accessibility. The classification of states based on awareness about MSP and procuring agencies (PA) and magnitude of sale to PA at MSP shows that Bihar, including the North-Eastern states of Assam, Tripura and Meghalaya, is the low-ranking state. Although MSP works as a safety net for market risk, low level of awareness, pre-harvest sale and non-availability of PA are some of the important issues which need to be addressed for achieving the goals.

scholarly journals Tourism, Farm Diversification and Plurality of Rurality: Case Study of Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Lukić
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Geographic Context ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Farm Tourism ◽  
The One

AbstractPlurality is considered to be one of the most important indicators of rurality in the contemporary society. But in what sense can plurality and diversified geographic context of countryside make a difference for development of farm tourism, if any? This paper aims to explore the significance of rural diversity of Croatia for farm diversification into leisure-orientated activities. The main method is comparison of spatial distribution of those farms, on the one hand, and seven different types of rural areas, on the other. Among others, the results indicate the significance of overall (mass) tourism development along the coast for development of tourism on agricultural households. Furthermore, age and education are confirmed as important factor in the process.

Credit for Agricultural Households in India: Growing Inequities

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
Institutional Finance ◽  
Reserve Bank Of India

Why has the share of non-institutional finance sources for agricultural households not come down between 2002 and 2012? Is the dependency on non-institutional sources the same across farm size classes? Who are the major beneficiaries of the revival in agricultural credit in the 2000s? Are larger farmers becoming more productive and commercial thus requiring higher levels of credit? Are small farms becoming unviable, making it difficult for banks to finance them? This paper examines these issues empirically based on data from the Situation Assessment Survey (SAS) of Agricultural households and the All India Debt and Investment Survey (AIDIS) conducted by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) in its 59th (i.e. 2003) and 70th round (i.e. 2013) and various publications from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

scholarly journals Determinants of households’ choice of energy for lighting in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheshwar Giri ◽  
Binoy Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Clean Energy ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Multinomial Logit Regression ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Energy Choice

The paper identifies the determinants of energy choice for lighting in Nepal by applying a multinomial logit regression to a nationally representative set of household level data.  It has been found that the richer households use better quality source of energy, confirming the energy ladder hypothesis. The other significant determinants of energy choice for lighting in Nepal are: gender and education level of the heads of households, family size and proportion of dependent population in families, distance from the market and location of households. The paper suggests the utilisation of the potential of micro hydropower plants for supplying clean energy in the remote areas of Nepal.  

What is driving economic and financial success of US cow-calf operations?

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Nehring ◽  
Jeffery Gillespie ◽  
Charles Hallahan ◽  
James Michael Harris ◽  
Ken Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Financial Success ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Dupont Analysis ◽  
Cow Calf

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the drivers of economic financial success of US cow-calf operations. Design/methodology/approach – This research uses a system of equations (DuPont analysis) in conjunction with 2008 farm-level data from the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Resource Management Survey to evaluate the factors driving cow-calf profitability, namely net profit margins, asset turnover ratio, and asset-to-equity ratio. Findings – The study finds that the main drivers of return on equity are region, number of harvested acres on the farm, diversification of the farm, operator off-farm work, spousal off-farm work, and adoption of technologies. Of these factors, those for which producers can make short-term adjustments include off-farm work decisions and adoption of technologies. Longer-term adjustments can be made for farm diversification. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, no existing research has used farm-level data across US production regions to examine the factors affecting returns to equity of US cow-calf operations. These research results may be used to identify strategies producers can use to improve their farm's economic viability, areas where extension services can assist farmers in making better financial decisions and economic factors that are likely to lead to structural changes in the beef industry.

scholarly journals The impact of character branding through media: A case study of TV al-Hijrah’s Ustaz celebrity programme

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Rosli Bin Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Branding Strategy ◽  
Electronic Medium ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to see how character branding of religious individual whose known as Ustaz Celebrity relates to the programs aired on TVAlhijrah, in accordance with its concept as an Islamic station which broadcast one hundred percent Islamic-oriented content. This study was conducted based on qualitative findings involving in-depth "face to face” interview and also through telephone conversations, used as a research instrument. The researcher also conducted a survey in which the questionnaires are distributed to tor TVAlhijrah’s viewers. Respondents are divided into several categories such as age, gender and education level. Data from respondents, used to measure the characteristics of an ustaz which suits the title of ustaz celebrity and how their celebrities characteristic be able to used helping TVAlhijrah broadcasting their Islamic content. Transcripts, coding and data analysis was conducted using qualitative analysis. The results of this study can be used in helping TV Alhijrah to find more people to become Ustaz Celebrity in the future. It can also be used as a guideline for all TV station to choose Ustaz Celebrity to be anchoring their programmes. Character branding strategy through Ustaz Celebrity will attract more viewers to tune into TV stations as an alternative electronic medium that is capable of providing Islamic content in accordance with the requirements of syariah (Syariah Compliance)

CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE AND MIGRATION: EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550006 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZI IQBAL ◽  
PARITOSH K. ROY
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Income Shocks ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
And Migration

Changes in climatic variables influence households' decision regarding livelihood options and strategies to mitigate income shocks. Migration is one of the most frequently adopted coping strategies that affected people use. This paper studies how the changes in climatic variables such as temperature and rainfall impact migration through agriculture. Using district level data (64 districts) for three inter-census periods (1974–1980, 1981–1990 and 1991–2000), fixed effect (FE) and IV results show that uncertainty about changes in temperature and rainfall impacts migration through agricultural productivity. We found that a one standard deviation decrease in real per capita revenue increases net out-migration rates by 1.4% to 2.4%. The results suggest a predicted increase in rainfall uncertainty would increase net out-migration rates by 20% in 2030 relative to 1990, assuming that there will be no behavioral response from the farmers.

Examining institutional credit access among agricultural households in Eastern India: trends, patterns and determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Raya Das ◽  
Aditya K S ◽  
Seema Bathla ◽  
Girish K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Heckman Selection Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Agricultural Households

PurposeThis paper is an attempt to understand the pattern of credit among agricultural households in Eastern India and to identify the correlates of their access to institutional credit for policy imperatives.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses unit-level data from the All-India Debt and Investment Survey of the 59th and 70th rounds of the National Sample Survey Office for the years 2002–2003 and 2012–2013. Cragg's double-hurdle model and the Heckman selection model are used to estimate the determinants of access to and the amount of institutional loans taken by households. These models also account for potential selection bias in the findings.FindingsThe study reveals that access to credit is strongly associated with the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of agricultural households. However, about half of the farmers in the eastern states of India lack access to institutional credit despite the government's attempts to include them in the ambit of formal financial services. Thus, strategies for developing agriculture in Eastern India must include efforts to bring small and marginal farmers under the coverage of institutional credit.Research limitations/implicationsThese data are based on the responses given by the sample households and not the experimental data. The data pertain to the year 2013.Originality/valueThe findings emphasize that strategies for developing agriculture in Eastern India must give special push to enhance small and marginal farmers' access to institutional credit.

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