Nonresponse Rates to Organic Questionnaire Items as Evidence of Parallel Processes during Organizational Diagnosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton P. Alderfer ◽  
Andrew F. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processes

Time-Dependent Changes in Excitability After One-Trial Conditioning of Hermissenda

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 3460-3464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Crow ◽  
Vilma Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type B ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Phototactic Behavior ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Levels

Crow, Terry and Vilma Siddiqi. Time-dependent changes in excitability after one-trial conditioning of Hermissenda. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3460–3464, 1997. The visual system of Hermissenda has been studied extensively as a site of cellular plasticity produced by classical conditioning. A one-trial conditioning procedure consisting of light paired with the application of serotonin (5-HT) to the exposed, but otherwise intact, nervous system produces suppression of phototactic behavior tested 24 h after conditioning. Short- and long-term enhancement (STE and LTE) of excitability in identified type B photoreceptors is a cellular correlate of one-trial conditioning. LTE can be expressed in the absence of STE suggesting that STE and LTE may be parallel processes. To examine the development of enhancement, we studied its time-dependent alterations after one-trial conditioning. Intracellular recordings from identified type B photoreceptors of independent groups collected at different times after conditioning revealed that enhanced excitability follows a biphasic pattern in its development. The analysis of spikes elicited by 2 and 30 s extrinsic current pulses at different levels of depolarization showed that enhancement reached a peak 3 h after conditioning. From its peak, excitability decreased toward baseline control levels 5–6 h after conditioning followed by an increase to a stable plateau at 16 to 24 h postconditioning. Excitability changes measured in cells from unpaired control groups showed maximal changes 1 h posttreatment that rapidly decremented within 2 h. The conditioned stimulus (CS) elicited significantly more spikes 24 h postconditioning for the conditioned group as compared with the unpaired control group. The analysis of the time-dependent development of enhancement may reveal the processes underlying different stages of memory for this associative experience.

Control Structure Design for Parallel Processes

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-H. Tsai ◽  
H.-P. Huang ◽  
C.-C. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Control Structure ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Parallel Processes

AN OPERATIONAL SEMANTICS FOR THE PARALLEL LANGUAGE EDEN

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
MERCEDES HIDALGO-HERRERO ◽  
YOLANDA ORTEGA-MALLÉN
Keyword(s):  
Operational Semantics ◽  
Transition System ◽  
Lazy Evaluation ◽  
Parallel Language ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
System A ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Level Transition ◽  
Concurrent Algorithms ◽  
Main Thread

The functional parallel language Eden — suitable for the description of parallel and concurrent algorithms in a distributed setting — is an extension of Haskell with a set of coordination features. In this paper we present a formal operational semantics for the kernel of Eden, or more precisely, for a λ-calculus widened with explicit parallelism and potentially infinite communication channels. Eden overrides the lazy nature of Haskell on behalf of parallelism. This interplay between laziness and eagerness is accurately described by the semantics proposed here, which is based on Launchbury's natural semantics for lazy evaluation, and is expressed through a two-level transition system: a lower level for the local and independent evaluation of each process, and an upper one for the coordination between all the parallel processes in the system. As processes are created either under demand or in a speculative way, different scheduling strategies are possible — ranging from a minimal one that only allows the main thread to evolve, to a maximal one that evolves in parallel every active binding.

A solution to the tag-assignment problem for neural networks

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Strong ◽  
Bruce A. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Model Object ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Illusory Conjunctions ◽  
Feature Processing ◽  
Human Object ◽  
Processing Activity ◽  
Normal Perception

AbstractPurely parallel neural networks can model object recognition in brief displays – the same conditions under which illusory conjunctions (the incorrect combination of features into perceived objects in a stimulus array) have been demonstrated empirically (Treisman 1986; Treisman & Gelade 1980). Correcting errors of illusory conjunction is the “tag-assignment” problem for a purely parallel processor: the problem of assigning a spatial tag to nonspatial features, feature combinations, and objects. This problem must be solved to model human object recognition over a longer time scale. Our model simulates both the parallel processes that may underlie illusory conjunctions and the serial processes that may solve the tag-assignment problem in normal perception. One component of the model extracts pooled features and another provides attentional tags that correct illusory conjunctions. Our approach addresses two questions: (i) How can objects be identified from simultaneously attended features in a parallel, distributed representation? (ii) How can the spatial selectional requirements of such an attentional process be met by a separation of pathways for spatial and nonspatial processing? Our analysis of these questions yields a neurally plausible simulation of tag assignment based on synchronizing feature processing activity in a spatial focus of attention.

scholarly journals The Rule of Law or the Perception of the Beholder? Why Investment Arbitrators are Under Fire and Trade Adjudicators are Not: A Response to Joost Pauwelyn

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya Baetens
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade

In his thought-provoking and timely article, Pauwelyn asks how it can be “that today’s perception of two parallel processes involving the legalization of world politics, and on two closely related subjects of global economic affairs—cross-border trade and cross-border investment—differs so much?” He focuses on one explanation: the individuals deciding World Trade Organization (WTO) versus International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) disputes.

AUTOMATIC PARALLELISATION AND EXECUTION OF APPLICATIONS ON CLUSTERS

2001 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 331-343
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER MCAVANEY ◽  
ANDRZEJ GOSCINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Execution ◽  
Parallel Applications ◽  
Parallel Application ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Execution Environment ◽  
Automated Tool

Parallel execution is a very efficient means of processing vast amounts of data in a small amount of time. Creating parallel applications has never been easy, and requires much knowledge of the task and the execution environment used to execute parallel processes. The process of creating parallel applications can be made easier through using a compiler that automatically parallelises a supplied application. Executing the parallel application is also simplified when a well designed execution environment is used. Such an execution environment provides very powerful operations to the programmer transparently. Combining both a parallelising compiler and execution environment and providing a fully automated parallelisation and execution tool is the aim of this research. The advantage of using such a fully automated tool is that the user does not need to provide any additional input to gain the benefits of parallel execution. This report shows the tool and how it transparently supports the programmer creating parallel applications and supports their execution.

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