Sustainability Analysis of Sino-Brazilian Bilateral Trade

The large-scale health crisis caused by COVID-19 that appeared in late 2019 has undoubtedly had a huge influence on the global economy. This chapter takes the interruption of international trade in the context of epidemics as the main research subject, using the change in Sino-Brazilian trade as a case study. From the international management perspective, this chapter will investigate how this epidemic affects Sino-Brazilian cross-border trade and business practices. The interlinked relationship between both countries' cross-border trade will be examined. Recommendations will be provided for further enhancing both countries' economic growth and trade practices.

Enjeux Liés à la Traversée de la Frontière Bénino-Togolaise dans le Secteur Materi-Mandouri

Les zones frontalières sont des lieux spécifiques où s’effectuent des échanges des biens et des personnes. La présente recherche a pour objectif d’étudier les enjeux liés à la traversée de la frontière bénino-togolaise dans le secteur Materi-Mandouri. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des investigations ont été faites à partir de la collecte des données et informations aux moyens de la recherche documentaire, des observations directes sur le terrain, des entretiens et enquêtes auprès de 93 personnes du milieu de recherche choisies suivant la méthode de choix raisonné. Le traitement des données et l’analyse des résultats se sont focalisés sur l’analyse sociale et l’évaluation des gains auprès des populations cibles. Il ressort des résultats que le commerce (86,66 %), le transport (6,67 %) et la visite des parents (6,66 %) sont les principaux facteurs qui expliquent la présence d’un important flux de personnes dans le secteur de recherche. Aussi, les échanges transfrontaliers entre le Bénin et le Togo contribuent au développement de l’économie locale à travers le chargement, le transport de marchandise et les taxes perçues par les autorités locales. Cependant, les échanges transfrontaliers sont marqués par des contraintes d’ordre social, sécuritaire et infrastructurel. Il faut alors se poser la question de savoir si les actions actuelles permettent de tirer profit du potentiel économique de cette zone frontalière et de faciliter la traversée des populations. Border areas are specific places where people's goods are traded. The objective of this research is to study the issues related to the crossing of the Benin-Togolese border in the Materi-Mandouri sector. To achieve this objective, investigations were carried out from the collection of data and information by means of documentary research, direct observations in the field, interviews and surveys with 93 people from the research community chosen according to the method of reasoned choice. Data processing and outcome analysis focused on social analysis and evaluation of gains among target populations. The results show that trade (86.66%), transport (6.67%) and parental visits (6.66%) are the main factors explaining the presence of a large flow of people in the research sector. Also, cross-border trade between Burkina Faso, Togo and Benin contributes to the development of the local economy through loading, transport of goods and taxes collected by local authorities. However, cross-border trade is marked by social, security and infrastructural constraints. It is then necessary to ask the question of whether the current actions make it possible to take advantage of the economic potential of this border area and to facilitate the crossing of populations.

Optimization Model of Cross-Border E-commerce Payment Security by Blockchain Finance

Cross-border trade is also changing and innovating. Electronic payment has become the core application of modern cross-border e-commerce. However, although electronic payment has brought convenience and efficiency to enterprises and social life, there are also many problems in transaction information security. These problems not only hinder the development of electronic payment but also bring hidden dangers to people’s property security. Therefore, an encryption algorithm of e-commerce was proposed, and its algorithm security and risk control mode was further studied by means of case analysis, empirical analysis, and comparative analysis. Experimental data show that blockchain technology is a breakthrough. The aim of the study is to explore its application in specific circumstances and strive to make the new e-payment mode in line with international standards.

THE LEGAL STRATEGY OF TREATING TELEMATICS CRIMES IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS IN GLOBAL TRADE

Economic globalization that is sweeping the world today began with the development of transportation facilities and cross-border trade. One of the facilities in the internet world to support economic activity is Electronic Transactions. In Indonesia, problems that arise due to the use of transaction media through telematics technology continue without being followed by the existence of laws that regulate it (cyber law). This study aims to determine legal policies against crime in electronic transaction activities in various sources of positive criminal law in Indonesia and to determine strategies for overcoming telematics crimes in the field of electronic transactions in global trade. This research is a normative legal research that is finding a rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. The results of this study explain the legal policy against crime in electronic transaction activities in various sources of positive criminal law in Indonesia carried out in two stages, namely the Applicative Stage and the Formulation Stage and explain the Legal Strategy for Combating Telematics Crime in the Field of Electronic Transactions in Global Trade which is carried out through the Penalty Policy and non-penal policy.

Border Trade between Regions of Russia and Provinces of China

The purpose of this article is to study border trade in the regions of Russia and the provinces of China. It is shown that in recent years there have been negative trends in border trade, leading to its reduction. Therefore, Russian regions bordering with China should transform into separate objects of regional policy, while also forming a legislative framework for border interaction in all its main spheres: trade, humanitarian cooperation, science and education, and others. In border cooperation with China, special emphasis should be placed on cooperation in the innovation sphere, as well as on improving the quality of exported goods and services and promoting infrastructure projects. Border trade between the regions of Russia and China is built mainly on trade and export of labour resources from China to Russia, as well as China’s receipt of additional sales channels for the confidently growing sales markets for consumer goods and sources of raw materials and primary products. The interaction of Russian regions with neighbouring provinces on the border with China not only preserves the raw material orientation of these regions, but also hinders the development and strengthening of the manufacturing industry in the structure of their regional economies, since border interaction for Russian regions immobilizes those stages of value-added production observed in the very first stages. In general, for the Chinese provinces there is a similar problem associated with such exports to border regions that have common borders with Russia, which does not contribute to the diversification and structural development of the regional economies of the Chinese provinces. That is why building an effective mechanism for border interaction between Russia and China is a strategically important issue for both countries.

VALUE-ADDED TAX IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: A FRESH LOOK AT THE SOUTH AFRICAN DISPENSATION

The online purchase of digital goods has the propensity to generate tax liability involving a notable rise in administrative costs for tax authorities. Online transactions involving the supply of digital goods by foreign businesses to South African consumers are subject to Value-Added Tax (“VAT”). Since 2014, the Value-Added Tax Act 89 of 1991 provides for registration and the reverse-charge mechanism as a means to collect VAT on online cross-border trade in digital goods. From 1 April 2019, significant changes to the VAT Act have been implemented regulating VAT on online cross-border trade in digital goods. This article examines these amendments by way of a comparative analysis of similar legislation in Australia and the European Union with the main aim of making recommendations for the adequate and cost-effective collection of VAT on online cross-border trade in digital goods.