scholarly journals Urban Waste Management in Post-Genocide Rwanda: An Empirical Survey of the City of Kigali

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110354
Author(s):  
Jeffrey NT Squire ◽  
Joseph Nkurunziza
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Service ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Service Delivery Systems ◽  
Urban Waste Management ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The City

African countries are urbanizing rapidly, presenting complex challenges for urban waste management. A compelling nexus between urbanization and waste management can be found in Kigali, the capital and largest city in Rwanda. Since its founding in 1907, the city of Kigali has witnessed steady growth in terms of both population and geographical boundaries. Using mainly qualitative methods, this study provides an empirical survey of waste management practices in post-genocide Rwanda with an emphasis on the city of Kigali, the capital. The study analyzed current regulatory arrangements and legislative instruments, approaches to public cleaning, and minimization, collection, and final disposal of wastes. We found Kigali to be an exceptionally clean city with carefully organized and well-coordinated waste management service delivery systems in place. Conversely, the absence of effective minimization strategies, coupled with a lack of safe treatment and disposal facilities, militate against sustainable waste management.

Municipal Solid Waste Management

2016 ◽  
pp. 19-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaison Chatsiwa ◽  
Never Mujere ◽  
Avhatendi Bethania Maiyana
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The City

The rapid increase in urban population has resulted in poor environmental conditions in urban and peri-urban settlements. In most developing countries, the problem of inefficient municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is endemic. The problem manifests in heaps of uncollected solid waste or ubiquitous illegal dumps on open areas and by the street sides. This paper examines issues of solid waste management practices in the City of Kwekwe in Zimbabwe. It highlights types of waste, its generation, transfer and disposal. A mixed methodological approach including field observations, structured questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were employed in the gathering of data for the study. The key findings established to be the factors affecting effective solid waste management in the City are irregular solid waste collection, inadequate operational funding, inappropriate technologies, inadequate staffing, lack of knowledge cooperation and knowledge on the part of the residents. Based on the research findings, principles of environmental stewardship need to be promoted in the City.

scholarly journals Household Waste Management Policy and Practices in Bengaluru

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5059-5066
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Waste Management Policy ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The City

Households play a very important role in waste management policy development and its implementation in any city. This study is done among households of 12 wards in Urban Bengaluru(India). It is observed that waste management is open of the most important issue among households and households in general are not satisfied by waste collection, segregation its transport service and maintenance of public places, provided by local municipal body. Garrett's ranking method is also used to give ranking for various waste management practices adopted by various wards. The results suggest that problems faced by households across the city is not same, also perception towards the policy and practices of local bodies towards waste management differs significantly across the city. Cleanliness of public places and waste collection process should be given highest priority by the policy makers. The study also determines a different perspective towards understanding behaviour of household. the policymakers may use this technique to identify specific geographic areas where immediate action is required

scholarly journals Solid Waste Management Practices in the Informal Sector of Gweru, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Jerie ◽  
Daniel Tevera
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Management System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The City

This paper contributes to the debate on the role of the informal sector in solid waste management by examining the effectiveness of informal sector solid waste management practices in transforming waste into nonwaste in the city of Gweru in Zimbabwe. The study focused on 589 informal enterprises that were surveys using questionnaire interviews and focus group discussions with key informants. Analysis of solid waste management in the informal sector of Gweru has revealed that large amounts of waste are generated indicating poor material efficiency in the enterprises, especially in food market areas where huge amounts of biodegradable material and vegetable wastes are generated and disposed of haphazardly. Analysis of the key factors that include solid waste generation rates, collection frequencies and transportation, waste minimisation, and reduction practices showed that the current waste management system is unsustainable in the long run. The municipality of Gweru needs to provide more resources for financing, training, and manpower to enable effective provision of an environmentally friendly solid waste management system in the city, including the informal sector.

scholarly journals Medical waste management at different hospitals of Anand and nearby areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Urvashi Mishra ◽  
Sarjoo Patel ◽  
Kushan Shah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
General Information ◽  
Medical Waste Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The City

The increased number of hospitals with rising number of beds generate about 1.5 to 2 kg waste per day and per bed. This gives an insight about the volumes of waste generated from the government and private sector hospitals per day. Therefore, the hospital waste management is of utmost importance in the present public health scenario, where the occurrence and recurrence of the infectious diseases is a major public threat. The objective of this research was to find out how hospitals can benefit from improving medical waste management practices. In the questionnaire, survey questions were formulated for gathering data. The questionnaire was designed in such a way that it can provide general information about the hospital staff along with their knowledge about the medical waste and their concern regarding the waste disposal-training program. It was found that the importance was being laid on proper waste disposal only and much less focus was given on waste minimization and recycling of the waste. The study has found that the city can benefit both environmentally and economically by improving the medical waste management at different hospitals.

scholarly journals Managing urban solid waste in Ghana: Perspectives and experiences of municipal waste company managers and supervisors in an urban municipality

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248392
Author(s):  
Samuel Yaw Lissah ◽  
Martin Amogre Ayanore ◽  
John K. Krugu ◽  
Matilda Aberese-Ako ◽  
Robert A. C. Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Study Setting

Increased population growth and rapid urbanization have resulted in the generation of large quantities of solid waste across major urban cities in Ghana, outstripping local authorities’ ability to manage and dispose of waste in a sanitary manner. This study explored the perspectives and experiences of municipal waste company managers and supervisors in the Ho municipality of Ghana on solid waste management practices. A qualitative inquiry was conducted by adopting a phenomenological approach, using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions for data collection. A total of 35 participants, made up of 12 managers and 23 supervisors took part in the study. Transcribed data were imported into NVivo 11.0 software for coding. Content analysis was applied to analyze all transcribed data using processes of induction and deduction. The results showed that organizational capacity, resources, and expertise; community factors such as socio-cultural beliefs and a low sense of responsibility towards solid waste management among urban residents; contextual factors such as regulations, and weak enforcement all influence and shape the level of efficiency and effectiveness of solid waste management practices in the study setting. The findings suggest that policy frameworks and procedures implemented to curb poor urban waste management practices should be systematic and thorough in order to tackle the issue of solid waste in the study setting and Ghana in general. The nature of the identified issues and challenges requires multidimensional and multilevel interventions to provide sustainable solutions for managing urban waste in Ghana.

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices in Alwar, Rajasthan, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3244-3249
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The City

Solid waste management is the process of collecting, treating and disposing off the material after segregating the reusable and recyclable material. After observing mismanagement of municipal solid waste in Alwar city, it was decided to carry out a study to find out the status of the solid waste management practices. During study, the residential areas of the city were visited and sample were collected from households on per day basis, which helped to analyze the waste generation as well as the seasonal variation of the waste. It has been observed that all wastes are mixed together by the residents due to unawareness about the biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. Even, it is very difficult for the concerned authorities in municipal corporation Alwar to estimate the actual quantity of biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. In absence of segregation of these wastes, the authorities normally use thumb rules for estimating the dry and wet wastes. During study, the main thrust was given to find out the variation in seasonal waste in different areas of the city, so as to help in assessing the deployment of available resources for their full utilization. The biodegradable waste may be used for vermi-composting as well as generation of bio-gas also. It was observed that segregation is not done at the level of individual households and therefore, awareness among people is to be brought as well as to deploy additional manpower for segregation at the collection points. There is a dire need for engaging sufficient number of manpower by the municipal corporation Alwar for collection and transportation of solid waste in the city. At present, diesel vehicles are used for transportation, so it is suggested to make use of electric vehicles like rickshaws and loaders for environmental protection and sustainable development.

scholarly journals The amenability of pre-treated source separated organic (SSO) waste for ethanol production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Mirzajani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Biological Conversion ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The City

Every year, millions of tonnes of municipal solid waste are generated in the city of Toronto from residential and non-residential sources. A large fraction of the municipal solid waste is composed of organic materials. This valuable resource has traditionally been disposed of in landfills, which in turn contributes to the pollution of the environment and the generation of green house gases. This places a great emphasis on the need for the design and implementation of more sustainable waste management practices and the adequate supportive infrastructures in order to achieve sustainability. The city of Toronto has been experiencing a huge challenge over the past few years regarding its waste problem, and having inadequate infrastructure for effective waste management practices. In the year 2000, the City of Toronto established a goal of 100% waste diversion by the year 2010 (Task Force, 2001). In the year 2005, the City of Toronto collected approximately 100,000 tonnes of source separated organic waste (SSO) from single-family households (Butts, 2005). SSO is an excellent source of fermentable carbohydrates including free sugars, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and other degradable organic materials. However, the main obstacle is the release of some of its carbohydrates, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, from their bondage to lignin before conversion to fermentable sugars. Cellulose and hemicellulose in SSO are bonded to lignin and are not easily separated and fermented to ethanol. Therefore, for utilizing SSO as a feedstock for ethanol production, a deep understanding of the nature of lignocellulosic materials is essential in order to overcome the challenges in the biological conversion to ethanol. As an initial part of a multi-staged project, this thesis is to examine the potential of SSO for utilization as a feedstock for ethanol production. A set of experiments were conducted on SSO in order to determine the amenability of SSO to ethanol production The experimental results show a relatively high amount of carbohydrates in the SSO samples, indicating potential of SSO to be utilized as an ethanol production feedstock. Comparing result of the characteristics study with other cellulosic feedstocks, indicates that SSO has a reasonable amount of fermentable sugars and can be utilized for ethanol production instead of using other cellulosic feedstocks such as herbaceous energy crops. A technology for the biological conversion of SSO to ethanol was proposed based on the current techniques and the results from the characterization study on SSO. It is foreseen that the findings of this study will enhance the overall understanding of the nature of SSO and the possibility of using it for ethanol production, and provide technical data and information for the decision makers in the assessment of the potential of SSO for ethanol production.

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