scholarly journals Introducing the Deadly Electoral Conflict Dataset (DECO)

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272110216
Author(s):  
Hanne Fjelde ◽  
Kristine Höglund
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Electoral Violence ◽  
Organized Violence ◽  
Political Contention ◽  
Peacekeeping Forces ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
Potential Use

This article introduces the Deadly Electoral Conflict dataset (DECO): a global, georeferenced event dataset on electoral violence with lethal outcomes from 1989 to 2017. DECO allows for empirical evaluation of theories relating to the timing, location, and dynamics of deadly electoral violence. By clearly distinguishing electoral violence from related (and sometimes concurrent) instances of organized violence, DECO is particularly suitable for investigating how election-related violence is connected to other forms of violent political contention. In the article, we present the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the data collection and discuss empirical patterns that emerge in DECO. We also demonstrate one potential use of DECO by examining the association between United Nations peacekeeping forces and the prevalence of deadly electoral violence in conflict-affected countries.

scholarly journals Prostatodynia in United Nations Peacekeeping Forces in Haiti

1997 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Drabick ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gambel ◽  
John F. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Peacekeeping Forces ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping

scholarly journals Malaysian Peacekeepers Perspectives on the Influence of Governance and Ethnic-Cross Relationship in Enhancing Ethnic Tolerance during Peacekeeping Operations

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
N. N. H. Nordin ◽  
W. N. W. Husin ◽  
M. Z. Salleh ◽  
A. L. Harun
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Data Collection Method ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping

Ethnic tolerance among peacekeepers plays an important role in ensuring the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the influence of governance and ethnic-cross relationship towards enhancing of ethnic tolerance based on the perspectives of Malaysian peacekeepers. This study applied quantitative data collection method through a set of questionnaires with 432 participants that previously being deployed to various United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO). The result indicates that both governance and ethnic-cross relationships have a positive correlation towards enhancement of the level of ethnic tolerance among Malaysian peacekeepers. The findings could strengthen the code of ethics for cultural competence, which emphasises the importance of understanding ethnic tolerance during peacekeeping operations or deployments.   Received: 4 October 2021 / Accepted: 21 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

scholarly journals Attacks on United Nations Peacekeeping Forces: A Violation of International Humanitarian Law

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Bolaños Tania Gicela
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Peacekeeping Forces ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping

This paper raises the question as to whether the United Nations peacekeeping forces could be awarded a civilian status during the armed conflict in which they are deployed; which is important for the determination of prohibition of attacks against them. The paper is based on the premise that distinction between civilians and combatants is crucial under international humanitarian law. In doing so, this paper briefly analyses the nature of UN peacekeeping operations and the qualification of the UN forces’ members as civilians or combatants. It also delves into the emerging category of UN robust peacekeeping operations to ascertain whether its personnel would be treated as civilians or combatants in the context of an international armed conflict.

United Nations Peacekeeping and Host State Consent

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Israel Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Primary Element ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
Peacekeeping Forces ◽  
State Consent ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping

In the evolution of United Nations peacekeeping, the United. Nations Emergency Force, which was created in 1956 and withdrawn from the Middle East in 1967, is of special importance. The UNEF is now the archetype for peacekeeping based on the “consent” of the state on whose territory a United Nations force is stationed; and this concept of consent has become the central characteristic of United Nations peacekeeping. It has been the heart of the peacekeeping capacity that has devolved on the General Assembly acting through its “Uniting for Peace” procedure, and it has been a primary element in the legal and political foundation of peacekeeping forces authorized on the basis of Security Council resolutions.

scholarly journals The Significance of Pre-Deployment Training, Culture Tolerance and Impartiality in Reducing Conflicts during Peacekeeping Operations: Malaysian Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. p9
Author(s):  
Nordin, N. N. H. ◽  
Husin, W. N. W. ◽  
Salleh, M. Z.
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Peacekeeping Forces ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
High Level

Cultural understanding is important in peacekeeping operations since it emphasizes on cooperation of various parties including the cooperation of the local community. Without cultural tolerance from both sides, this operation are difficult to run smoothly and effectively and in fact, this can also lead to a worsen situation, such as the armed conflict between the peacekeeping forces and the local community. Therefore, this study is carried out by using semi-structured interview of 25 officers who have been assigned under United Nations peacekeeping operations and it is centered on three parameters namely pre-deployment training, high level of tolerance and impartiality in discharging their duties. Most officers agree that these parameters are the most significant attributes that could reduce cultural based conflict in the assigned areas.

Beyond Keeping Peace: United Nations Effectiveness in the Midst of Fighting

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA HULTMAN ◽  
JACOB KATHMAN ◽  
MEGAN SHANNON
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
The Cold War

While United Nations peacekeeping missions were created to keep peace and perform post-conflict activities, since the end of the Cold War peacekeepers are more often deployed to active conflicts. Yet, we know little about their ability to manage ongoing violence. This article provides the first broad empirical examination of UN peacekeeping effectiveness in reducing battlefield violence in civil wars. We analyze how the number of UN peacekeeping personnel deployed influences the amount of battlefield deaths in all civil wars in Africa from 1992 to 2011. The analyses show that increasing numbers of armed military troops are associated with reduced battlefield deaths, while police and observers are not. Considering that the UN is often criticized for ineffectiveness, these results have important implications: if appropriately composed, UN peacekeeping missions reduce violent conflict.

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