scholarly journals The Significance of Pre-Deployment Training, Culture Tolerance and Impartiality in Reducing Conflicts during Peacekeeping Operations: Malaysian Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. p9
Author(s):  
Nordin, N. N. H. ◽  
Husin, W. N. W. ◽  
Salleh, M. Z.
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Peacekeeping Forces ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
High Level

Cultural understanding is important in peacekeeping operations since it emphasizes on cooperation of various parties including the cooperation of the local community. Without cultural tolerance from both sides, this operation are difficult to run smoothly and effectively and in fact, this can also lead to a worsen situation, such as the armed conflict between the peacekeeping forces and the local community. Therefore, this study is carried out by using semi-structured interview of 25 officers who have been assigned under United Nations peacekeeping operations and it is centered on three parameters namely pre-deployment training, high level of tolerance and impartiality in discharging their duties. Most officers agree that these parameters are the most significant attributes that could reduce cultural based conflict in the assigned areas.

scholarly journals Attacks on United Nations Peacekeeping Forces: A Violation of International Humanitarian Law

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Bolaños Tania Gicela
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Peacekeeping Forces ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping

This paper raises the question as to whether the United Nations peacekeeping forces could be awarded a civilian status during the armed conflict in which they are deployed; which is important for the determination of prohibition of attacks against them. The paper is based on the premise that distinction between civilians and combatants is crucial under international humanitarian law. In doing so, this paper briefly analyses the nature of UN peacekeeping operations and the qualification of the UN forces’ members as civilians or combatants. It also delves into the emerging category of UN robust peacekeeping operations to ascertain whether its personnel would be treated as civilians or combatants in the context of an international armed conflict.

The Implementation of the Action for Peacekeeping in Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 223-251
Author(s):  
Blanca Montejo ◽  
Bojan Stefanovic
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Renewal Process ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Specific Field ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Independent Panel ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
High Level ◽  
Do So

Abstract With the launching of the Action for Peacekeeping and its culmination with the Declaration of Shared Commitments in 2018, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres aimed to mobilize all partners and stakeholders to support United Nations peacekeeping, marking its seventieth anniversary and revitalizing a long process of reform which had started with previous Secretaries-General, and in its last phase by Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon. The purpose of this article is to look at the implementation of Commitment 5 of the Declaration of Shared Commitments to realize the objective of sequenced, prioritized and achievable mandates. To do so, this article looks at the process of endorsement and progressive implementation of the Declaration of Shared Commitments by the Security Council, starting with the examination of the conclusions of the High Level Independent Panel on Peacekeeping Operations (hippo report), the subsequent Secretary-General’s report under Secretary-General Ban’s tenure and the passing of the baton to Secretary-General Guterres who continued the process through the launching of the Action for Peacekeeping. The article looks at the definitions available to guide the implementation of sequenced and prioritized mandates and describes and assesses the mandate renewal process in the context of three specific field missions concentrating some of the most recent efforts of the Security Council to apply the principles of the Declaration of Shared Commitments.

Addressing Gender Imbalance in United Nations’ Peacekeeping

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Agha
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Uniform Domain ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping

The Department of Peacekeeping Operation (DPKO) is the backbone of United Nations‟ Peacekeeping operations worldwide. The history of United Nations Peacekeeping operations can be traced back to1948 when the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East (ME). Since then its presence has been recognized and appreciated by all those affected by armed conflict and/or to humanitarian crises. Men in uniform have been at the forefront of its face in difficult and violent situations regardless of the areas being remote or urban in nature. As with many „traditional‟ aspects of Peacekeeping operations (such as force application), the continuously changing environment has also influenced the „face‟ itself to be changed, albeit at a slower pace. For instance, the need for incorporating women into this so far purely „men in uniform‟ domain is being considered in all facets of its operations. Women with their natural affinity to Peace- making, and their ability to access gender restrictive societies is continuously being recognized as a necessary resource for UN operations.

Marchal, Lemaire and Dewez v. Mukeshimana-Ngulinzira and Others; Belgian State v. Mukeshimana-Ngulinzira and Others

2021 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 179-218
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Law Commission

179State responsibility — Imputability — International Law Commission Articles on State Responsibility — International Law Commission Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations — Imputability in context of United Nations peacekeeping operations — Responsibility of troop-contributing countries — Ultimate control — Effective controlWar and armed conflict — Non-international armed conflict — United Nations — Peacekeeping — United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), 1993 — Rwandan genocide — The law of Belgium

scholarly journals Implementation in practice: The use of force to protect civilians in United Nations peacekeeping

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Bode ◽  
John Karlsrud
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Relations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Member States ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
Normative Foundations

Since the failures of the United Nations of the early 1990s, the protection of civilians has evolved as a new norm for United Nations peacekeeping operations. However, a 2014 United Nations report found that while peacekeeping mandates often include the use of force to protect civilians, this has routinely been avoided by member states. What can account for this gap between the apparently solid normative foundations of the protection of civilians and the wide variation in implementation? This article approaches the question by highlighting normative ambiguity as a fundamental feature of international norms. Thereby, we consider implementation as a political, dynamic process where the diverging understandings that member states hold with regard to the protection of civilians norm manifest and emerge. We visualize this process in combining a critical-constructivist approach to norms with practice theories. Focusing on the practices of member states’ military advisers at the United Nations headquarters in New York, and their positions on how the protection of civilians should be implemented on the ground, we draw attention to their agency in norm implementation at an international site. Military advisers provide links between national ministries and contingents in the field, while also competing for being recognized as competent performers of appropriate implementation practices. Drawing on an interpretivist analysis of data generated through an online survey, a half-day workshop and interviews with selected delegations, the article adds to the understanding of norms in international relations while also providing empirical insights into peacekeeping effectiveness.

South Sudan

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Giffen
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
The Government ◽  
Do So

Two years and five months following the country’s independence from Sudan, a political crisis in South Sudan quickly devolved into a civil war marked by violence that could amount to atrocities. At the time, a United Nations peacekeeping operation, UNMISS, was the principal multinational intervention in South Sudan. UNMISS was explicitly mandated to assist the government of South Sudan to fulfil its responsibility to protect and was also authorized to protect civilians when the government was unable or unwilling to do so. Despite this role, UNMISS’s Special Representative of the Secretary-General said that no one could have predicted the scale or speed at which the violence unfolded. This chapter explores whether the atrocities could have been predicted by UNMISS, why UNMISS was unprepared, and what other peacekeeping operations can learn from UNMISS’s experience.

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