Blood Flow and Blood Pressure in the Internal Maxillary Artery

1960 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Redden ◽  
J.G. Bishop ◽  
J.L. Matthews ◽  
H.L. Dorman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Internal Maxillary Artery

Cerebral blood flow and behavior during brain stimulation in the goat

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. H495-H499
Author(s):  
M. Manrique ◽  
E. Alborch ◽  
J. M. Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Internal Maxillary Artery ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cerebral blood flow, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and behavior were studied in conscious goats during electrical stimulation of the diencephalon and mesencephalon. Stimulation of the subthalamic area produced a considerable increase in ipsilateral cerebral blood flow and heart rate, accompanied by either a small or a large increase in systemic arterial blood pressure. Cardiovascular effects were associated with changes in alertness. The increase in cerebral blood flow was partially abolished by previous administration of atropine directly into the internal maxillary artery. Stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation caused a marked increase in blood pressure with no change or with some decrease in cerebral blood flow. After administration of phentolamine into the internal maxillary artery, stimulation produced increase in cerebral blood flow. The behavioral response consisted of restlessness and attempted flight. These results suggest the existence of cholinergic vasodilator and adrenergic vasoconstrictor pathways to cerebral blood vessels that may be stimulated electrically.

Measurement of Blood Flow in an Intracranial Artery Bypass From the Internal Maxillary Artery by Intraoperative Duplex Sonography

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaitao Yu ◽  
Xiang'en Shi ◽  
Shams Raza Brohi ◽  
Hai Qian ◽  
Fangjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Intracranial Artery ◽  
Internal Maxillary Artery

scholarly journals STUDIES ON INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

1909 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. E. Eyster ◽  
M. T. Burrows ◽  
C. R. Essick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
No Value ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Internal Maxillary Artery ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
Physiological Investigation ◽  
Ophthalmic Branch ◽  
The Brain

1. The results of this work form a confirmation of the earlier work of Cushing in all details investigated. 2. The increase of blood pressure that results from an increase of the intracranial pressure above the blood pressure is due in the dog to a vaso-constriction of the vessels of the intestine, the kidney and the limbs. Preceding this constriction there is dilatation. 3. The anastomotic connection between the internal carotid artery within the skull and the ophthalmic branch of the internal maxillary is of a size in the dog approximately equal to the internal carotid outside of the skull. The anatomical relations are such as to indicate that the internal maxillary artery in this animal is a cerebral artery equal in importance to the internal carotid. The anastomotic connection because of its position within the cranial cavity is unaffected except by extreme grades of intracranial compression. 4. The ordinary method of artificial perfusion of the dog's brain as used in physiological investigation appears from this work to be of no value, since there is at least one important path open besides that through the vessels of the brain. 5. The increase of the intracranial pressure above the blood pressure leads to a complete anæmia, superficial and deep, of the blood vessels of the brain. If the intracranial pressure is not greatly increased above the blood pressure, the circle of Willis and some of the larger arterial connections at the base of the brain are more or less well injected. An intracranial pressure somewhat below blood pressure leads apparently to a certain degree of anæmia directly beneath the point of entrance of the intracranial fluid; the condition of the rest of the brain as regards blood supply is normal.

Cerebral hemodynamics following internal maxillary artery ligation in the goat

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Miletich ◽  
A. D. Ivankovic ◽  
R. F. Albrecht ◽  
E. T. Toyooka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Internal Maxillary Artery ◽  
Large Component ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Surgical Manipulations ◽  
The Brain

Changes in cerebral and extracerebral blood flow in the goat after ligation of the internal maxillary artery and deliberate thrombosis of the extracerebral arteries (buccinator, ethmoidal, and ophthalmic) with thrombin were compared to changes seen in animals after internal maxillary artery ligation only and in normal animals where no surgical manipulations were performed. Blood flow was measured by injecting 51-Cr-labeled microspheres into the internal maxillary artery via a catheter placed into the temporal artery. Analysis of the radioactivity in extracerebral and intracerebral tissues indicated that when the internal maxillary artery is ligated and the extracerebral arteries are thrombosed, virtually all of the blood flow from the carotid artery is destined from the brain. However, if only the internal maxillary artery is ligated nearly one-fourth of the blood flow from the maxillary travels to extra-cerebral tissues. In normal animals, it was determined that only one-fourth of the blood flow in the internal maxillary is destined for the cerebral circulation. Results from this study indicate that if the former method is employed an accurate measure of cerebral blood flow is possible without the complications of extra-cerebral flow. If the latter technique is used care must be taken in evaluating cerebral blood flow since a large component of extra-cerebral blood flow is present.

Endothelin action on cerebral circulation in unanesthetized goats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. R581-R587
Author(s):  
J. L. Garcia ◽  
B. Gomez ◽  
L. Monge ◽  
A. L. Garcia-Villalon ◽  
G. Dieguez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Internal Maxillary Artery ◽  
Cerebrovascular Resistance ◽  
Infusion Of Norepinephrine ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses

The effects of endothelin 1 on the internal maxillary artery blood flow, measured as an index of cerebral blood flow, were examined in six unanesthetized goats under control conditions, hypercapnia induced by inhalation of 10% CO2 in air, hypertension by intravenous infusion of norepinephrine, and hypotension by intravenous injection of diazoxide. Under control, administration of endothelin (0.01-0.3 nmol) into the internal maxillary artery produced dose-dependent sustained decreases in cerebral blood flow and increases in cerebrovascular resistance; higher doses (0.1 and 0.3 nmol) also caused hypertension and bradycardia. During hypercapnia or hypertension, endothelin did not significantly affect cerebral blood flow, and only higher doses (0.1 and/or 0.3 nmol) increased cerebrovascular resistance, but this was lower than under control. However, under hypotension endothelin evoked a higher reduction in cerebral blood flow and increment in cerebrovascular resistance, and systemic effects were also more marked than under control. Therefore endothelin is a potent cerebral vasoconstrictor, and this effect is very attenuated during hypercapnia and hypertension but is increased under hypotension.

Rete mirabile of goat: its flow-damping effect on cerebral circulation

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (4) ◽  
pp. R482-R489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lluch ◽  
G. Dieguez ◽  
A. L. Garcia ◽  
B. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
Rete Mirabile ◽  
Induced Changes

This work was designed to characterize in anesthetized goats the hemodynamic response of the carotid rete during pharmacologically induced changes in systemic blood pressure or blood flow to the brain. Under control conditions, mean blood pressure in the middle cerebral artery (distal to rete) was 18% lower than that measured in the internal maxillary artery (proximal to rete). Pressure gradient and calculated resistance across the rete were unchanged when systemic arterial pressure was increased or decreased by intravenous administration of norepinephrine or isoproterenol, respectively. Hypercapnia or injections of isoproterenol and acetylcholine into the internal maxillary arteries increased blood flow and decreased middle cerebral arterial pressure, whereas injections of norepinephrine decreased blood flow and increased postrete pressure. Calculated resistance across the rete was unchanged. These observations indicate that the response of the carotid rete to the substances tested is negligible; they also suggest that the carotid rete may have a flow-damping effect by maintaining resistance to blood flow when a change in the caliber of brain vessels occurs.

Lutein Complex Supplementation Increases Ocular Blood Flow Biomarkers in Healthy Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Alon Harris ◽  
Brent Siesky ◽  
Amelia Huang ◽  
Thai Do ◽  
Sunu Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Retinal Capillary

Abstract. Introduction: To investigate the effects of a lutein complex supplementation on ocular blood flow in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthy female patients (mean age 36.8 ± 12.1 years) were enrolled in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, two-period crossover study. Subjects received daily an oral dose of the lutein with synergistic phytochemicals complex (lutein (10 mg), ascorbic acid (500 mg), tocopherols (364 mg), carnosic acid (2.5 mg), zeaxanthin (2 mg), copper (2 mg), with synergistic effects in reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines when administered together in combination) and placebo during administration periods. Measurements were taken before and after three-week supplementation periods, with crossover visits separated by a three-week washout period. Data analysis included blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity detection, ocular perfusion pressure, confocal scanning laser Doppler imaging of retinal capillary blood flow, and Doppler imaging of the retrobulbar blood vessels. Results: Lutein complex supplementation produced a statistically significant increase in mean superior retinal capillary blood flow, measured in arbitrary units (60, p = 0.0466) and a decrease in the percentage of avascular area in the superior (−0.029, p = 0.0491) and inferior (−0.023, p = 0.0477) retina, as well as reduced systolic (−4.06, p = 0.0295) and diastolic (−3.69, p = 0.0441) blood pressure measured in mmHg from baseline. Data comparison between the two supplement groups revealed a significant decrease in systemic diastolic blood pressure (change from pre- to post-treatment with lutein supplement (mean (SE)): −3.69 (1.68); change from pre- to post-treatment with placebo: 0.31 (2.57); p = 0.0357) and a significant increase in the peak systolic velocity (measured in cm/sec) in the central retinal artery (change from pre- to post-treatment with lutein supplement: 0.36 (0.19); change from pre- to post-treatment with placebo: −0.33 (0.21); p = 0.0384) with lutein complex supplement; data analyses from the placebo group were all non-significant. Discussion: In healthy participants, oral administration of a lutein phytochemicals complex for three weeks produced increased ocular blood flow biomarkers within retinal vascular beds and reduced diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo.

Patterns of Cerebral Blood Flow and Systemic Hemodynamics During Arithmetic Processing

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Werner ◽  
Neval Kapan ◽  
Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamics ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Flow Velocities

The present study explored modulations in cerebral blood flow and systemic hemodynamics during the execution of a mental calculation task in 41 healthy subjects. Time course and lateralization of blood flow velocities in the medial cerebral arteries of both hemispheres were assessed using functional transcranial Doppler sonography. Indices of systemic hemodynamics were obtained using continuous blood pressure recordings. Doppler sonography revealed a biphasic left dominant rise in cerebral blood flow velocities during task execution. Systemic blood pressure increased, whereas heart period, heart period variability, and baroreflex sensitivity declined. Blood pressure and heart period proved predictive of the magnitude of the cerebral blood flow response, particularly of its initial component. Various physiological mechanisms may be assumed to be involved in cardiovascular adjustment to cognitive demands. While specific contributions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems may account for the observed pattern of systemic hemodynamics, flow metabolism coupling, fast neurogenic vasodilation, and cerebral autoregulation may be involved in mediating cerebral blood flow modulations. Furthermore, during conditions of high cardiovascular reactivity, systemic hemodynamic changes exert a marked influence on cerebral blood perfusion.

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