Alcohol and Homicide: Interviews with Prison Inmates

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Spunt ◽  
Paul Goldstein ◽  
Henry Brownstein ◽  
Michael Fendrich ◽  
Sandra Langley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
New York State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
York State ◽  
Record Data ◽  
The Relationship

In 1989 and 1990 interviews were conducted with 268 homicide offenders incarcerated in New York State correctional facilities for homicides that occurred in 1984. The primary purpose of these interviews was to obtain the offenders' own perspectives as to the drug relatedness of these homicides. In this article we report on data obtained during these interviews focusing on the relationship between alcohol and homicide. We show how interviews with prison inmates overcome some of the problems that exist with studies of the alcohol-homicide connection that rely on official record data. Among our findings are that 19% of the homicides were reported to be related to alcohol use, that the majority of these cases involved arguments or disputes, and that in about half of these cases the respondent was high on at least one other substance. We also examine the “alcohol-related” cases from the perspective of a tripartite conceptual framework that specifies the variety of ways that drugs and violence can be related. The methodological and policy implications of our findings are also discussed.

Abstract 20: Patterns of Stroke Center Certification and the Impact on Stroke Mortality in Counties of New York State

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Chapman ◽  
Kurt A Yaeger ◽  
J D Mocco
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Household Income ◽  
New York State ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
York State ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: To establish a statewide stroke system in March 2019, New York State (NYS) created the Stroke Designation Program. Stroke centers (SCs) must be certified by a state-approved certifying organization (CO), which is tasked with initial designation and ongoing re-certification. Previous research has found an association at the national level between socioeconomic status and access to higher levels of acute stroke care. Objective: This study characterizes the relationship between socioeconomic status of NYS populations and stroke care level access by comparing median household income and wealth in counties with and without certified SCs. Methods: Population and median household income from the U.S. Census (2010), stroke epidemiological data from the Center for Disease Control, and Area Deprivation Index (ADI) data (ranked within NYS) from the Neighborhood Atlas, a project that quantifies disadvantage by census tract, were collected and averaged for each county. Income has been used to assess local wealth and ADI to analyze community health risks. Certification data were mined from quality check databases for The Joint Commission and Det Norske Veritas, the most commonly used COs. Student’s t-tests compared income and ADI in counties with at least one certified SC to those without. Linear regression characterized the relationship between income and ADI with number of certified SCs, stroke incidence and stroke mortality. Results: All 62 counties in NYS were investigated to yield 40 certified SCs. Counties with at least one certified SC had a significantly higher income ($68,183.63 vs. $57,155.12; p=0.03) and lower ADI (5.90 vs. 7.37; p=0.004) compared to counties with no certified SC. Higher income (p<0.001) and lower ADI (p<0.001) were also associated with more certified SCs. Counties with fewer certified SCs had significantly higher stroke mortality (p<0.001) despite having similar stroke incidence. Conclusion: Socioeconomic heterogeneity in NYS counties is correlated to differential access to certified SCs and quality stroke care, as fewer centers are found in lower-income and disadvantaged communities. Although populations with less access experience stroke at similar rates, this study finds higher death rates in these counties.

Changes in the hatch rate of Haemonchus contortus eggs between geographic regions

Parasitology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Le Jambre ◽  
J. H. Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
New York State ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
York State ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
The Relationship

Vulvar phenotypes and the rate of development of eggs over a range of temperatures were used to compare Haemonchus contortus populations in New York State and Ohio. These parameters indicated that the westernmost boundary of the subspecies Haemonchus contortus cayugensis is the Chautauqua valley in New York. The Haemonchus ecotype in Ohio had a vulvar phenotype formula similar to that described for the subspecies Haemonchus contortus contortus. The relationship between slope and intercept of the regression of rate of egg hatch on temperature was different for morphs within ecotypes as well as between the New York and Ohio ecotypes. Linguiform-A appeared to be the cold-adapted morph in both ecotypes. Smooth was the warm-adapted morph in New York with linguiform-B filling that niche in Ohio.

scholarly journals Availability and Utilization of Automated External Defibrillators in New York State Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milla Arabadjian ◽  
Stephanie Serrato ◽  
Mark V. Sherrid
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
New York State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Automated External Defibrillators ◽  
York State

Background: Use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) improve survival. Professional health organizations recommend that AEDs be available in crowded places, including schools but currently only 18 US states require them. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) research in the school-age population has largely focused on school sub-groups, leaving out the majority of US students and adults working in schools. New York State (NYS) has one of the largest student populations in the US. Our objective was to gain epidemiologic data on SCA across a variety of school levels and examine the availability and utilization of AEDs in a state that requires them.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study utilizing an electronic survey. We included NYS school nurses and collected electronic surveys in January-March, 2018. We analyzed demographic data of school characteristics, SCA occurrences and AED use and availability.Results: Of 876 respondents (36.1% response rate), 71 (8.2%) reported SCAs, with 41 occurring in adults. AEDs were deployed in 59 of 71 (84.3%) events, 40 individuals had long-term survival. Most SCAs occurred in middle-schools. School size or number of AEDs/school had no bearing on short-term or long-term survival. AEDs were widely available in private schools, though this was not required by state law.Conclusions: Our data suggest a need for more comprehensive examination of SCA in US schools. Research comparing the availability and utilization of school AEDs between states that do and do not require them is needed and may have important clinical and policy implications for SCA emergency preparedness in US schools.

Lowell, Josephine Shaw

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larraine M. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
York State ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Mental Health Institutions ◽  
Female Member ◽  
State Board

Josephine Shaw Lowell (1843–1905) the first female member of the New York State Board of Charities, succeeded in providing more correctional facilities for women and mental health institutions. In 1891 she became the first president of the Consumers League.

Abstract 148: Installation and Deployment of Automated External Defibrillators in New York State Schools

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milla Arabadjian ◽  
Alexandra Stepanovic ◽  
Mark Sherrid
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
New York State ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Automated External Defibrillators ◽  
York State

Introduction: AHA recommends that automated external defibrillators (AEDs) be made available in public areas with high likelihood of a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Only 18 US states have regulations requiring AEDs in schools and the legislation varies. There is no comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiology of sudden death in schools. School nurses are often the only healthcare providers within a school. New York State (NYS) enrolls almost 3.5 million students with New York City (NYC) being the largest school system in the US; legislation requires AEDs in all public but not in private schools. Purpose: Our aims were threefold: to gain epidemiologic data on SCAs in NYS schools, to evaluate the availability and utilization of AEDs, and to identify factors affecting deployment of AEDs. Methods: Electronic surveys were sent to school nurse members of the NYS Association of School Nurses and NYC school nurses. We also conducted structured interviews with a representative sample of NYS school nurses. Results: Nurses representing 750 public schools and 116 private schools responded, a response rate of 36.4%. There were 71 SCA events, with majority affecting adults on school grounds 41 (58%). AEDs were deployed in 59 (73%). Short term survival occurred in 50 (69%) with 40 (56%) returning to regular activity. While not required to have AEDs available, most private schools had them 69(60%). There were 21 (30%) SCA events in private schools with 8 (11%) occurring in private schools with no AEDs. Of these, 6 (75%) had a negative outcome. Interviews revealed that staff attitude, fear, and training adequacy were factors influencing AED utilization. Conclusions: AEDs in schools improve survival outcomes. There has been no comprehensive evaluation of SCA events in US schools and no uniformity in AED legislation among states. While focus is on students, NYS data suggests that attention should also encompass adult SCAs in schools. Comparisons of AED utilization and SCA outcomes in states with and without AED legislation will be of interest, and may have health policy implications.

Mandatory emergency response training for clinicians in New York State: Can a policy case be made?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Steven H. Silber, DO, ScM ◽  
Kristine M. Gebbie, DrPH, RN ◽  
Theodore J. Gaeta, DO, MPH
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
New York State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
York State ◽  
Mandatory Training ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
And Training

There is no mandatory training for individual physicians with respect to overall emergency preparedness in New York State. This paper explores the policy implications of linking licensure and registration to mandatory competency-based educational programs on emergency preparedness response structure and high-risk biological agents. In this article, we explore the implications of mandatory registration and training with a single emergency response facility or agency, and we propose creative solutions that may make such a policy palatable to all stakeholders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document