Changes in HIV/AIDS Risk Behaviors in Drug Users in St. Louis: Applications of Random Regression Models

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Gallagher ◽  
Linda B. Cottler ◽  
Wilson M. Compton ◽  
Edward Spitznagel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Aids

A National Institute on Drug Abuse demonstration project in AIDS prevention among drug users was conducted in St. Louis during the years 1990 through 1994. The main objective was to reduce the spread of HIV by counseling drug users and by improving drug-treatment programs in the area. A second objective was to examine the correlates of risk behavior. A structured interview was administered six times over an 18-month period. Of those persons assessed at baseline (n = 475), 95.0% (n = 451) were also reinterviewed in the last interview at 18 months. Both group and individual level changes in risk behavior were assessed using random regression models. We report on three potential risk behaviors for HIV/AIDS: (1) number of sexual partners, (2) frequency of condom use, and (3) injection drug use. For each risk behavior a separate statistical model was estimated. The results of the random regression models showed significant reductions in number of sexual partners and injection drug use. Additionally, a number of variables, such as perceived risk for AIDS and knowledge of HIV/AIDS, were statistically significant covariates of risk behavior.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Factors Associated With HIV/HCV High-Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs on Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 10-Year Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Liu ◽  
Yi-lei Ma ◽  
Xue-han Liu ◽  
Yan-ran Duan ◽  
Pu-lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners

Background: Sociodemographic factors have an impact worldwide on the behavior of people who use drugs (PWUD). This study attempts to clarify the sociodemographic factors related to HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors (injection drug use, syringe sharing, and multiple sex partners) among PWUD on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in the long term.Methods: The 13,300 PWUD recruited into the MMT program were followed during 2006–2015. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors.Results: We found that male (vs. female), living alone (vs. living with family or relatives), temporary income, financial support from family/friends, and financial support from social welfare (vs. regular salary) were positively associated with injection drug use. Age of initial drug use was negatively associated with injection drug use and syringe sharing. For both genders, being unmarried (vs. married or in cohabitation), living with friends, living alone (vs. living with family or relatives), temporary income, financial supports from family/friends (vs. regular salary), being employed (vs. unemployed/between jobs) was positively associated. In contrast, age at baseline was negatively associated with having multiple sexual partners for both genders. Ethnic of non-Han (vs. Han) was positively associated with having multiple sexual partners simply for males. Being divorced or widowed (vs. married or cohabitated) was positively associated with having multiple sexual partners merely for females.Conclusion: HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors correlated with certain sociodemographic factors of PWUD receiving MMT. There is a need for improving the well-being, employment, and housing status of PWUD on MMT to reduce their HIV/HCV risk behaviors.

scholarly journals Changes in Substance Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviors over 12-Month Methadone Maintenance Treatment among Vietnamese Patients in Mountainous Provinces

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bach Xuan Tran ◽  
Mercy Fleming ◽  
Tam Minh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Quan Hoang Vuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs have been used worldwide to reduce the number of drug users and for HIV prevention; however, evidence of their effectiveness in mountainous areas is limited. This study aimed to identify changes in substance abuse and sexual practices among MMT patients after treatment in three Vietnamese mountainous provinces. A survey on risk behaviors was conducted among 300 drug users in six MMT clinics prior to and following one year of MMT. Cramér’s effect size of changes was extrapolated to justify the magnitude of the intervention’s effectiveness. A generalized estimation equation was used to find the factors associated with respondents’ substance use and sexual risk behavior. While drug-related risk behaviors were significantly reduced, alcohol and sex-related behaviors remained risk factors for HIV in this group. Additionally, condom use was common among participants at both time points, but not among those having sex with sex workers. Socio-economic characteristics of ethnic, education, occupation, as well as drug use history influenced the possibility of engaging in drug use and/or sexual risk behavior following treatment. Further emphasis on managing these among MMT patients is required, potentially by providing integrated services including smoking and drinking counseling and condom use promotion in accordance with MMT.

Sex Exchange and HIV-related Risk Behaviors among Female Heroin Users in China

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanyi Wang ◽  
Ge Lin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Heroin Users ◽  
Exchange Sex ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Sex Exchange

This study examines differences in demographic characteristics and HIV-related risk behaviors between Chinese female heroin users who exchanged sex for drugs or money and those who were never involved in sex exchange. A sample of 171 female heroin users was recruited from a detoxification center in China. Female heroin users who exchanged sex for drugs or money were more likely to be unemployed and were at higher risk in both sexual behaviors and injection drug use. Number of sexual partners in the previous year, unemployment, and injection drug use were independently associated with exchange of sex for drugs or money; adjusted odds ratios were 1.2, 3.8, and 2.6, respectively. Findings show that HIV-related risk behaviors are common among female heroin users in China and that HIV harm reduction should be focused on female heroin users who exchange sex for drugs or money.

Effects of Case Management on Drug Users' Risky Sex

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS LONGSHORE ◽  
SUSAN TURNER ◽  
M. DOUGLAS ANGLIN
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Management Protocol

Case management for crime-involved drug users is designed mainly to reduce further drug use and crime but may also promote reductions in HIV risk behavior. In a five-site evaluation, the authors examined the effects of a case-management protocol known as Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC) on drug users' frequency of unprotected sex and frequency of sex while high on drugs and/or alcohol. At one site, case management had a favorable effect on the frequency of unprotected sex. At four sites, case management had a favorable effect on the frequency of sex while high. These effects were moderated by users' baseline level of risk behavior or history of related problem behaviors (drug use and criminal conduct). Implications for case management and drug use treatment are discussed.

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