Assessment of Attachment Representations in Basque Adolescents and their Relationship with Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110571
Author(s):  
Jone Aliri ◽  
Nekane Balluerka ◽  
Arantxa Gorostiaga ◽  
Goretti Soroa
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Research has shown a relationship between attachment style and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents. Whereas secure attachment is related to fewer internalizing and externalizing symptoms, the opposite is the case for the various insecure attachment styles. The aim of the two studies reported in this paper was to adapt and validate the CaMir-R (a self-report measure of attachment that has shown adequate psychometric properties) for use among Basque adolescents, and to analyse the relationship between attachment and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In Study 1, the instrument was adapted using the back translation method and applied to a sample of 203 adolescents and young adults. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical dimensions of the scale, and its psychometric properties were found to be adequate. In Study 2 we obtained additional validity evidence by applying, in a sample of 786 adolescents and young adults, the attachment representations section of the CaMir-R alongside other measures of attachment and clinical symptoms. The results once again supported the dimensional structure of the instrument, and evidence of convergent validity was obtained based on correlations between CaMir-R scores and scores on the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). In addition, scores on the five dimensions of attachment representations (Security, Family concerns, Parental interference, Self-sufficiency and resentment of parents and Childhood trauma) were correlated with scores on other measures of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Based on these results, we conclude that the Basque version of the CaMir-R is a valid instrument for assessing the quality of attachment representations among adolescents, and also that internalizing and externalizing problems are related to attachment style. We discuss the importance of attachment in relation to behaviour problems and clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Polygenic Risks for Joint Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Findings from the ALSPAC Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽  
Samuel Neaves ◽  
Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽  
Gibran Hemani ◽  
MIchael Lombardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Background: Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems show considerable heterogeneity; however, this can be parsed into a small number of meaningful subgroups. Doing so offered insights into risk factors that lead to different patterns of internalizing/externalizing trajectories. However, despite both domains of problems showing strong heritability, no study has yet considered genetic risks as predictors of joint internalizing/externalizing problem trajectories. Methods: Using parallel process latent class growth analysis, we estimated joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing difficulties assessed across ages 4 to 16 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate a range of demographic, perinatal, maternal mental health, and child and maternal polygenic predictors of group membership. Participants included 11049 children taking part in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Polygenic data was available for 7127 children and 6836 mothers.Results: Five distinct classes were identified: Unaffected, Moderate Externalizing Symptoms, High Externalizing Symptoms, Moderate Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms and High Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms. Male sex, lower maternal age, maternal mental health problems, maternal smoking during pregnancy, higher child polygenic risk scores for ADHD as well as lower polygenic scores for IQ distinguished affected classes from the unaffected class.Conclusions: While affected classes could be relatively well separated from the unaffected class, phenotypic and polygenic predictors were limited in their ability to distinguish between different affected classes. Thus, results add to existing evidence that internalizing and externalizing problems have mostly shared risk factors.

Patterns of Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Young Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Vanheusden ◽  
Frank J. van Lenthe ◽  
Cornelis L. Mulder ◽  
Jan van der Ende ◽  
Dike van de Mheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Self-Esteem Moderates the Relationship Between Secure Attachment and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Preadolescence

2022 ◽  
pp. 003329412110616
Author(s):  
Taylor J. Irvine ◽  
Christopher D. Aults ◽  
Meenakshi Menon
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Peer Nomination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

This longitudinal study examined the interactive effects of secure attachment and self-esteem on change in internalizing and externalizing problems in a sample of preadolescents. 407 youth ( Mage = 11.1 years) completed measures of self-esteem, secure attachment style, and peer nomination inventories tapping internalizing and externalizing problems at the beginning of the fourth and fifth grades. Results suggest that internalizing and externalizing problems may be reduced for securely attached youth with high self-esteem. Implications for future research are examined, along with a discussion on clinical applications of studies involving interaction effects.

scholarly journals Take your mind off it: Coping style, serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genotype (5-HTTLPR), and children's internalizing and externalizing problems

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1129-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie I. Cline ◽  
Jay Belsky ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Edward Melhuish ◽  
Laura Lysenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Polymorphic Region ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractIndividuals with the short variant of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene are more susceptible than individuals homozygous for the long allele to the effects of stressful life events on risk for internalizing and externalizing problems. We tested whether individual differences in coping style explained this increased risk for problem behavior among youth who were at both genetic and environmental risk. Participants included 279 children, ages 8–11, from the Children's Experiences and Development Study. Caregivers and teachers reported on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and caregivers and children on children's exposure to harsh parenting and parental warmth in middle childhood, and traumatic events. Children reported how frequently they used various coping strategies. Results revealed that short/short homozygotes had higher levels of internalizing problems compared with long allele carriers and that short allele carriers had higher levels of externalizing problems compared with long/long homozygotes under conditions of high cumulative risk. Moreover, among children who were homozygous for the short allele, those who had more cumulative risk indicators less frequently used distraction coping strategies, which partly explained why they had higher levels of internalizing problems. Coping strategies did not significantly mediate Gene × Environment effects on externalizing symptoms.

scholarly journals Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from ages 3 to 12: The moderating role of diurnal cortisol

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Frost ◽  
Ellen Kessel ◽  
Sarah Black ◽  
Brandon Goldstein ◽  
Kristin Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Heterotypic Continuity ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

AbstractPsychological symptoms that arise in early childhood can follow a multitude of patterns into adolescence, including homotypic continuity (i.e., similar symptoms over time) and heterotypic continuity (i.e., a shift in symptoms over time). However, we know very little about the factors that distinguish homotypic vs. heterotypic continuity of early internalizing and externalizing symptoms over development. In a separate line of research, diurnal cortisol has been shown to predict later internalizing and externalizing problems. In the current study, we tested whether diurnal cortisol patterns moderated the course of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from preschool to early adolescence. 554 children (54% male) and parents participated in a longitudinal study. Parents reported on their children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms at ages 3 and 12, and children collected diurnal saliva samples at age 9. Results showed that asteepercortisol decline at age 9 combined with high internalizing or externalizing problems at age 3 predicted higher internalizing problems at age 12. A morebluntedcortisol decline combined with early internalizing or externalizing problems predicted higher externalizing problems in early adolescence. These results illustrate the moderating role of stress system functioning in homotypic and heterotypic patterns of psychopathology from preschool to early adolescence.

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