scholarly journals Polygenic Risks for Joint Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Findings from the ALSPAC Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽  
Samuel Neaves ◽  
Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽  
Gibran Hemani ◽  
MIchael Lombardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Background: Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems show considerable heterogeneity; however, this can be parsed into a small number of meaningful subgroups. Doing so offered insights into risk factors that lead to different patterns of internalizing/externalizing trajectories. However, despite both domains of problems showing strong heritability, no study has yet considered genetic risks as predictors of joint internalizing/externalizing problem trajectories. Methods: Using parallel process latent class growth analysis, we estimated joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing difficulties assessed across ages 4 to 16 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate a range of demographic, perinatal, maternal mental health, and child and maternal polygenic predictors of group membership. Participants included 11049 children taking part in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Polygenic data was available for 7127 children and 6836 mothers.Results: Five distinct classes were identified: Unaffected, Moderate Externalizing Symptoms, High Externalizing Symptoms, Moderate Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms and High Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms. Male sex, lower maternal age, maternal mental health problems, maternal smoking during pregnancy, higher child polygenic risk scores for ADHD as well as lower polygenic scores for IQ distinguished affected classes from the unaffected class.Conclusions: While affected classes could be relatively well separated from the unaffected class, phenotypic and polygenic predictors were limited in their ability to distinguish between different affected classes. Thus, results add to existing evidence that internalizing and externalizing problems have mostly shared risk factors.

Assessment of Attachment Representations in Basque Adolescents and their Relationship with Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110571
Author(s):  
Jone Aliri ◽  
Nekane Balluerka ◽  
Arantxa Gorostiaga ◽  
Goretti Soroa
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Research has shown a relationship between attachment style and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents. Whereas secure attachment is related to fewer internalizing and externalizing symptoms, the opposite is the case for the various insecure attachment styles. The aim of the two studies reported in this paper was to adapt and validate the CaMir-R (a self-report measure of attachment that has shown adequate psychometric properties) for use among Basque adolescents, and to analyse the relationship between attachment and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In Study 1, the instrument was adapted using the back translation method and applied to a sample of 203 adolescents and young adults. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical dimensions of the scale, and its psychometric properties were found to be adequate. In Study 2 we obtained additional validity evidence by applying, in a sample of 786 adolescents and young adults, the attachment representations section of the CaMir-R alongside other measures of attachment and clinical symptoms. The results once again supported the dimensional structure of the instrument, and evidence of convergent validity was obtained based on correlations between CaMir-R scores and scores on the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). In addition, scores on the five dimensions of attachment representations (Security, Family concerns, Parental interference, Self-sufficiency and resentment of parents and Childhood trauma) were correlated with scores on other measures of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Based on these results, we conclude that the Basque version of the CaMir-R is a valid instrument for assessing the quality of attachment representations among adolescents, and also that internalizing and externalizing problems are related to attachment style. We discuss the importance of attachment in relation to behaviour problems and clinical symptoms.

Child Self-report to Identify Internalizing and Externalizing Problems and the Influence of Maternal Mental Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1605-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowella C. W. M. Kuijpers ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Rutger C. M. E. Engels ◽  
Lisanne L. Stone ◽  
Roy Otten
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

The Self and Mental Health: Self-Salience and the Emergence of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rosenfield ◽  
Mary Clare Lennon ◽  
Helene Raskin White
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
The Self ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

How do schemas about self-salience—the importance of the self versus the collective in social relations—affect mental health? We propose that self-salience shapes the likelihood of experiencing internalizing or externalizing problems. Schemas that privilege others over the self increase the risk of internalizing symptoms, including depressive symptoms and anxiety, whereas those that privilege the self over others predispose individuals to externalizing behaviors of antisocial behavior and substance abuse. Furthermore, we propose that these schemas contribute to the gender differences that exist in these problems. We test these predictions with data from adolescents, the stage at which these problems and the gender differences in them arise. Results show that self-salience underlies both internalizing and externalizing problems. In addition, schemas about self-salience help explain the gender differences found in mental health problems.

scholarly journals Refugee Children’s Social–Emotional Capacities: Links to Mental Health upon Resettlement and Buffering Effects on Pre-Migratory Adversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12180
Author(s):  
Ruth Speidel ◽  
Emma Galarneau ◽  
Danah Elsayed ◽  
Shahdah Mahhouk ◽  
Joanne Filippelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Refugee children who experience severe pre-migratory adversity often show varying levels of mental health upon resettlement. Thus, it is critical to identify the factors that explain which refugee children experience more vs. less healthy outcomes. The present study assessed child social–emotional capacities (i.e., emotion regulation, sympathy, optimism, and trust) as potential moderators of associations between child, parental, and familial pre-migratory adversities and child mental health (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms) upon resettlement. Participants were N = 123 five- to 12-year-old Syrian refugee children and their mothers living in Canada. Children and mothers reported their pre-migratory adverse life experiences, and mothers reported their children’s current social–emotional capacities, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms. Greater familial (i.e., the sum of children’s and their mother’s) pre-migratory adversity was associated with higher child internalizing and externalizing symptoms upon resettlement. Higher emotion regulation and optimism were associated with lower internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and higher sympathy was associated with lower externalizing symptoms. In contrast, higher trust was associated with higher internalizing symptoms. Finally, higher child optimism buffered against the positive association between familial pre-migratory adversity and child internalizing symptoms. In sum, select social–emotional capacities may serve as potential protective factors that support mental health and buffer against the deleterious effects of pre-migratory adversity in refugee children.

Risk Factors for Behavioral and Emotional Difficulties in Siblings of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Behavioral And Emotional Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Abstract This study examined risk factors for behavioral and emotional problems in 1973 siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Results revealed six correlates of sibling internalizing and externalizing problems: male gender, smaller family size, older age of the child with ASD, lower family income, child with ASD behavior problems, and sibling Broader Autism Phenotype. Siblings with few risk factors were at low risk for behavioral and emotional problems. However, siblings with many risk factors were at increased risk for both internalizing and externalizing problems. These results highlight the need to assess risk for individual siblings to best identify a sub-population of siblings who may be in need of additional support.

Mother, Father, and Grandparent Involvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade Profe ◽  
Lauren G. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽  
Grandparent Involvement ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

The objective of this study was to examine whether mother, father, and closest grandparent involvement are associated with South African adolescents’ mental health (internalizing and externalizing problems and prosocial behavior) and substance use. A sample of 512 Grade 8 and Grade 9 learners in Cape Town ( M age = 14 years) completed a structured survey. Of the participants, 57% were female, and 85% identified themselves as “colored” (mixed race). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, indicated that mother and father involvement were negatively associated with adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems, whereas mother and closest grandparent involvement were positively associated with prosocial behavior. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that parent involvement was negatively associated with past-month cigarette use, but not with past-month alcohol or past-year marijuana use. The findings suggest the importance of considering parents and grandparents in interventions to promote adolescent mental health.

Internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence: general and dimension-specific effects of familial loadings and preadolescent temperament traits

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1825-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ORMEL ◽  
A. J. OLDEHINKEL ◽  
R. F. FERDINAND ◽  
C. A. HARTMAN ◽  
A. F. De WINTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Temperament Traits ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Background. We investigated the links between familial loading, preadolescent temperament, and internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence, hereby distinguishing effects on maladjustment in general versus dimension-specific effects on either internalizing or externalizing problems.Method. In a population-based sample of 2230 preadolescents (10–11 years) familial loading (parental lifetime psychopathology) and offspring temperament were assessed at baseline by parent report, and offspring psychopathology at 2·5-years follow-up by self-report, teacher report and parent report. We used purified measures of temperament and psychopathology and partialled out shared variance between internalizing and externalizing problems.Results. Familial loading of internalizing psychopathology predicted offspring internalizing but not externalizing problems, whereas familial loading of externalizing psychopathology predicted offspring externalizing but not internalizing problems. Both familial loadings were associated with Frustration, low Effortful Control, and Fear. Frustration acted as a general risk factor predicting severity of maladjustment; low Effortful Control and Fear acted as dimension-specific risk factors that predicted a particular type of psychopathology; whereas Shyness, High-Intensity Pleasure, and Affiliation acted as direction markers that steered the conditional probability of internalizing versus externalizing problems, in the event of maladjustment. Temperament traits mediated one-third of the association between familial loading and psychopathology. Findings were robust across different composite measures of psychopathology, and applied to girls as well as boys.Conclusions. With regard to familial loading and temperament, it is important to distinguish general risk factors (Frustration) from dimension-specific risk factors (familial loadings, Effortful Control, Fear), and direction markers that act as pathoplastic factors (Shyness, High-Intensity Pleasure, Affiliation) from both types of risk factors. About one-third of familial loading effects on psychopathology in early adolescence are mediated by temperament.

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