scholarly journals Cities on and off the map: A bibliometric assessment of urban globalisation research

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2569-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Miguel Kanai ◽  
Richard Grant ◽  
Radu Jianu
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Global North ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
Published Research

Growing out of writings on Global (North) cities, urban globalisation research (UGR) has expanded its canon to engage with an increasing diversity of cities and locations. Yet, this broadening has been uneven and controversial in its theoretical horizons and empirical universe. Focusing on the latter, this paper combines bibliometric, demographic, economic and georeferenced data to assess how UGR maps onto internationally documented cities ( n: 1692). Our study analyses city-themed publications by city location, demographic size and home-country income (2000–2014). Drawing on social science publications indexed in English (Scopus database), our results provide grounds for cautious optimism: recent publications offer broader, though still uneven coverage. The moving spatial average of publication counts also implies that the topical centre of published research gravity is shifting away from Euro-America. Yet, UGR lags in its coverage of the urban geographical universe, failing to keep pace with the economic/demographic trends that are resulting in southward/eastward shifts in worldwide urbanisation. Furthermore, while smaller cities and those in lower-income countries are still sidelined, cities in upper-middle income countries exhibit the largest gaps between observed and expected publication values. In our conclusion, we contend that urban bibliometrics could be further mobilised to identify publication foci and lacunae. Applied to cities on and off the map and a broader universe of urban knowledges, bibliometrics could help move contentious debates forward, identifying newer paradigms that may be engaging the world of cities beyond the globalisation umbrella and charting out multiple and complex topical relations across variegated worlds of urbanism.

scholarly journals Dialysis Care Around the World: A Global Perspectives Series

Kidney360 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0001082021
Author(s):  
Timmy Lee ◽  
Jennifer E. Flythe ◽  
Michael Allon
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The World ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Worldwide, end stage kidney disease prevalence has steadily increased, with the greatest proportional increases occurring in lower- and middle-income countries. Although dialysis is a life-saving therapy, it is also extraordinarily expensive, so its use is limited in lower income countries with less resources available for healthcare. The Kidney360 Global Dialysis Perspective series launched in 2020 and showcases how dialysis is practiced, delivered, and financed in different countries across the world. To date, we have featured perspectives from 17 countries in 6 continents: Africa (Senegal, South Africa); Asia (India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam); Australia; Europe (Spain); North America (Canada, Mexico, United States); and South America (Argentina, Brazil, Guatemala).

scholarly journals Foreign Portfolio Investments and Economic Freedom: Empirical Investigation of the World Countries Grouping Based on the Level of Income

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Ullah ◽  
Fazal e Wahid ◽  
Muhammad Irshad Khan Mohmand ◽  
Abid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
High Income ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
The World ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Portfolio Investments

This study investigates the effect of the economic freedom on the foreign portfolio investments in various countries of the World classified based on the level of income. The study used a sample of 184 countries for a period of 2001 to 2017, the full sample is further divided based on the level of income into a subsample of 74 high-income countries, 52 upper-middle-income countries, 32 lower-middle-income countries, and 26 lower income countries. The study estimated panel data regression models and found that a fixed effect is prevailing in all models. The regression results show that economic freedom has a positive effect on foreign portfolio investments. Furthermore, the results of the subsample also shows that economic freedom has a significant positive effect on foreign equity and foreign debts portfolio investments in high income, upper middle income, and lower-middle-income countries, however, there exists an insignificant effect of the economic freedom on the foreign equity and debts portfolio investments in the lower income countries.

Industrial and Agricultural Pollution Patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Don P. Clark ◽  
Alejandro E. Dellachiesa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Agricultural Pollution ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Industrial and agricultural pollution emissions are compared with levels of economic activity as countries move up the per capita income scale. Pollution emissions are found to be concentrated among the lower income countries. Industrial CH4 and both agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions display the highest degrees of concentration among poorer countries relative to their GDP shares. Agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions are more concentrated among the poorer countries than are industrial CH4 and N2O emissions. Little improvement in environmental quality will result from implementing costly emissions reductions in the industrial nations alone. Environmental policies must focus on lower- and middle-income countries. More attention must be devoted to reducing agricultural pollution emissions. Improving the economic activity–environmental tradeoff will require a global approach to reducing greenhouse gases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Abnormal Umbilical Arterial Flow on Doppler Ultrasound in Low-risk and Unselected Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Peter Vogel ◽  
Valerie Vannevel ◽  
Gianna Robbers ◽  
George Gwako ◽  
Tina Lavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Abstract Background: While Doppler ultrasound screening is beneficial for women with high-risk pregnancies, there is insufficient evidence on its benefits and harms in low- and unselected-risk pregnancies. This may be related to fewer events of abnormal Doppler flow, however the prevalence of absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AEDF or REDF) in such women is unknown. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise available data on the prevalence of AEDF or REDF.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Global Index Medicus with no date, setting or language restrictions. All randomized or non-randomized studies reporting AEDF or REDF prevalence based on Doppler assessment of umbilical arterial flow >20 weeks’ gestation were eligible. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data on primary (AEDF and REDF) and secondary (fetal, perinatal, and neonatal mortality, caesarean section) outcomes, with results presented descriptively. Results: A total of 42 studies (18,282 women) were included. Thirty-six studies reported zero AEDF or REDF cases. However, 55 AEDF or REDF cases were identified from just six studies (prevalence 0.08% to 2.13%). Four of these studies were in unselected-risk women and five were conducted in high-income countries. There was limited evidence from low- and middle-income countries.Conclusions: Evidence from largely observational studies in higher-income countries suggests that AEDF and REDF are rare among low- and unselected-risk pregnant women. There are insufficient data from lower-income countries and further research is required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of abnormal umbilical arterial flow on Doppler ultrasound in low-risk and unselected pregnant women: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Peter Vogel ◽  
Valerie Vannevel ◽  
Gianna Robbers ◽  
George Gwako ◽  
Tina Lavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Abstract Background While Doppler ultrasound screening is beneficial for women with high-risk pregnancies, there is insufficient evidence on its benefits and harms in low- and unselected-risk pregnancies. This may be related to fewer events of abnormal Doppler flow, however the prevalence of absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AEDF or REDF) in such women is unknown. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise available data on the prevalence of AEDF or REDF.Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Global Index Medicus with no date, setting or language restrictions. All randomized or non-randomized studies reporting AEDF or REDF prevalence based on Doppler assessment of umbilical arterial flow >20 weeks’ gestation were eligible. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data on primary (AEDF and REDF) and secondary (fetal, perinatal, and neonatal mortality, caesarean section) outcomes, with results presented descriptively. Results A total of 42 studies (18,282 women) were included. Thirty-six studies reported zero AEDF or REDF cases. However, 55 AEDF or REDF cases were identified from just six studies (prevalence 0.08% to 2.13%). Four of these studies were in unselected-risk women and five were conducted in high-income countries. There was limited evidence from low- and middle-income countries.Conclusions Evidence from largely observational studies in higher-income countries suggests that AEDF and REDF are rare among low- and unselected-risk pregnant women. There are insufficient data from lower-income countries and further research is required.

scholarly journals The relationship between transport, economic growth and environmental degradation for ninety countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Listiono Listiono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between freight transport, economic growth and environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) experienced by ninety countries over the period 1980-2014. The estimation is divided into the global panel, high-income countries, upper-middle income countries, lower-middle income countries, and lower-income countries. This paper employed simultaneous equation Model and was estimated by Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS). The results discovered the existence of bi-directional causality relationship between economic growth and freight transport in the high-income countries and lower-income countries. The result also indicated the bi-directional causality relationship between the transportation and CO2 emissions in the panel upper-middle-income countries. Lastly, the finding indicated the bi-directional causality between economic growth and CO2 emissions in lower-middle income countries.

scholarly journals Troika of Trade Openness, Poverty and Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from Lower and Middle Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Rashid Sattar ◽  
Rana Ejaz Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Lower Income Countries

The current study investigates the relationship among trade openness, poverty and income inequality in the developing economies classified as lower and middle income countries. Kao and Fisher cointegration tests are employed to see the long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Panel cointegration regression is employed to calculate the magnitude of variables through FMOLS and DOLS techniques. The results demonstrate that interaction of these three variables differ for income groups of countries, however, trade openness and poverty increase income inequality in both groups. Similarly, income inequality decreases trade openness in both lower income and middle income groups of the economies. Trade openness increases poverty in lower income countries only. Poverty increases income inequality in lower income countries but in middle income countries it decreases trade openness. In the control variables the financial development has shown encouraging effect on trade openness in lower and middle income countries. GDP growth has shown positive impact on income inequality in lower income countries but negative impact in middle income countries. As trade openness has discoursing effect so the economies should carefully deal with the implications through proper policy framework.

scholarly journals Prevalence of abnormal umbilical arterial flow on Doppler ultrasound in low-risk and unselected pregnant women: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Vogel ◽  
Valerie Vannevel ◽  
Gianna Robbers ◽  
George Gwako ◽  
Tina Lavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Abstract Background While Doppler ultrasound screening is beneficial for women with high-risk pregnancies, there is insufficient evidence on its benefits and harms in low- and unselected-risk pregnancies. This may be related to fewer events of abnormal Doppler flow, however the prevalence of absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AEDF or REDF) in such women is unknown. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise available data on the prevalence of AEDF or REDF. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Global Index Medicus with no date, setting or language restrictions. All randomized or non-randomized studies reporting AEDF or REDF prevalence based on Doppler assessment of umbilical arterial flow > 20 weeks’ gestation were eligible. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data on primary (AEDF and REDF) and secondary (fetal, perinatal, and neonatal mortality, caesarean section) outcomes, with results presented descriptively. Results A total of 42 studies (18,282 women) were included. Thirty-six studies reported zero AEDF or REDF cases. However, 55 AEDF or REDF cases were identified from just six studies (prevalence 0.08% to 2.13%). Four of these studies were in unselected-risk women and five were conducted in high-income countries. There was limited evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Conclusions Evidence from largely observational studies in higher-income countries suggests that AEDF and REDF are rare among low- and unselected-risk pregnant women. There are insufficient data from lower-income countries and further research is required.

scholarly journals Climate drivers of plague epidemiology in British India, 1898–1949

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1928) ◽  
pp. 20200538
Author(s):  
Warren S. D. Tennant ◽  
Mike J. Tildesley ◽  
Simon E. F. Spencer ◽  
Matt J. Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
British India ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis infection, continues to threaten low- and middle-income countries throughout the world. The complex interactions between rodents and fleas with their respective environments challenge our understanding of human plague epidemiology. Historical long-term datasets of reported plague cases offer a unique opportunity to elucidate the effects of climate on plague outbreaks in detail. Here, we analyse monthly plague deaths and climate data from 25 provinces in British India from 1898 to 1949 to generate insights into the influence of temperature, rainfall and humidity on the occurrence, severity and timing of plague outbreaks. We find that moderate relative humidity levels of between 60% and 80% were strongly associated with outbreaks. Using wavelet analysis, we determine that the nationwide spread of plague was driven by changes in humidity, where, on average, a one-month delay in the onset of rising humidity translated into a one-month delay in the timing of plague outbreaks. This work can inform modern spatio-temporal predictive models for the disease and aid in the development of early-warning strategies for the deployment of prophylactic treatments and other control measures.

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