scholarly journals Erratum to “The Effect of Intravenous Haloperidol on QT Interval Dispersion in Critically Ill Patients: Comparison with QT Interval Prolongation for Assessment of Risk of Torsades de Pointes” [J Clin Pharmacol2001;41:1310-1318]

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Tisdale ◽  
Saeed Rasty ◽  
I. Desmond Padhi ◽  
Nagaraja D. Sharma ◽  
Howard Rosman
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Scuotto ◽  
Rogério Marra ◽  
Lilian Leite de Almeida ◽  
Mariana Santa Rita Soares ◽  
Gabriela Kurita Silva ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been described as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there are safety concerns regarding its QT interval and pro-arrhythmic effects.ObjectiveThis trial aimed to determine the predictors of QT interval prolongation and pro-arrhythmic effects in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection and receiving HCQ.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study of 45 critically-ill patients hospitalized because of SARS-CoV-2 infection and treated with 800 mg of HCQ at day 1 and 400 mg on days 2–5. Clinical aspects and outcomes, basal and final corrected QT (QTc) interval, and the incidence of arrhythmias and arrhythmogenic death were observed. Independent predictors of QTc prolongation were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. QT interval prolongation was considered substantial at final QTc ≥ 480 ms.ResultsThe mean age was 60.9 ± 16.67 years and 28 (62.2%) patients were men. Basal QTc was 442 ± 28 ms, and the final QTc interval was 458 ± 34 ms, for a mean QTc interval variation of 15 ± 11 ms. There was no arrhythmogenic death. The need for hemodialysis remained a statistically significant predictor of QT interval enlargement (odds ratio, 10.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 – 102.18; p = 0.045).ConclusionsHCQ promotes mild to moderate QT interval prolongation. The risk of QT interval prolongation is higher among patients with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis.


2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107424842110694
Author(s):  
Wasim S. El Nekidy ◽  
Khalid Almuti ◽  
Hazem ElRefaei ◽  
Bassam Atallah ◽  
Lana M. Mohammad ◽  
...  

Background: Several reports linked the use of repurposed drugs such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, and favipiravir with QT interval prolongation in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. Little is known about the risk factors for QT interval prolongation in this population. We sought to describe the prevalence and identify the main risk factors associated with clinically significant corrected QT (QTc) prolongation in this population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of critically ill patients who were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU), had at least one electrocardiogram performed during their ICU stay, and tested positive for SARs-CoV-2. Clinically significant QTc interval prolongation was defined as QTc >500 milliseconds (ms). Results: Out of the 111 critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, QTc was significantly prolonged in 47 cases (42.3%). Patients with a clinically significant QTc prolongation had significantly higher proportions of history of cardiac diseases/surgery (22 [46.8%] vs. 10 [15.6%], P < .001), hypokalemia (10 [21.3] vs. 5 [7.8%], P = .04), and male gender (95% vs. 82.8%, P = .036) than patients with QTc ≤500 ms, respectively. A total of 46 patients (41.4%) received HCQ, 28 (25.2%) received lopinavir/ritonavir, and 5 (4.5%) received azithromycin. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of cardiac disease was the only independent factor associated with clinically significant QTc prolongation ( P = .004 for the likelihood-ratio test). Conclusion: The prevalence of clinically significant QTc prolongation in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was high and independent of drugs used. Larger prospective observational studies are warranted to elucidate independent risk factors associated with clinically significant QTc prolongation in this study population.


2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-627
Author(s):  
Ivan Stankovic ◽  
Biljana Putnikovic ◽  
Aleksandar N. Neskovic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jiménez-Jáimez ◽  
Rosa Macías-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Bermúdez-Jiménez ◽  
Ricardo Rubini-Costa ◽  
Jessica Ramírez-Taboada ◽  
...  

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly evolving pandemic causing great morbimortality. Medical therapy with hydroxicloroquine, azitromycin and protease inhibitors is being empirically used, with reported data of QTc interval prolongation. Our aim is to assess QT interval behaviour in a not critically ill and not monitored cohort of patients. We evaluated admitted and ambulatory patients with COVID-19 patients with 12 lead electrocardiogram at 48 h after treatment initiation. Other clinical and analytical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the magnitude of the QT interval prolongation under treatment and to identify clinical, analytical and electrocardiographic risk markers of QT prolongation independent predictors. We included 219 patients (mean age of 63.6 ± 17.4 years, 48.9% were women and 16.4% were outpatients. The median baseline QTc was 416 ms (IQR 404–433), and after treatment QTc was prolonged to 423 ms (405–438) (P < 0.001), with an average increase of 1.8%. Most of the patients presented a normal QTc under treatment, with only 31 cases (14.1%) showing a QTc interval > 460 ms, and just one case with QTc > 500 ms. Advanced age, longer QTc basal at the basal ECG and lower potassium levels were independent predictors of QTc interval prolongation. Ambulatory and not critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and/or antiretrovirals develop a significant, but not relevant, QT interval prolongation.


Author(s):  
Amy D Morris ◽  
Jennifer Chen ◽  
Elaine Lau ◽  
Jennifer Poh

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Domperidone is a prokinetic agent used to treat pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease. Health Canada has issued warnings about an increased risk of domperidone-associated ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, the supporting data referred only to adult patients; therefore, extrapolating the safety risks to pediatric patients is difficult.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize and evaluate the evidence for domperidone associated QT interval prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death to determine the safety of this drug for pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Data Sources: </strong>Two databases (MEDLINE [1946 to August 2015] and Embase [1980 to August 2015]) were searched with the following Medical Subject Headings and keywords: “domperidone”, “arrhythmias, cardiac”, “death, sudden, cardiac”, “electrocardiography”, “heart diseases”, “long QT syndrome”, “tachycardia, ventricular”, “torsades de pointes”, and “ventricular fibrillation”. The search was limited to studies conducted in humans under 18 years of age and published in English.</p><p><strong>Study Selection and Data Extraction:</strong> Original research included in this review reported on the cardiac-related safety of domperidone in nononcologic patients under 18 years of age.</p><p><strong>Data Synthesis: </strong>Of the 5 studies meeting the inclusion criteria (<em>n </em>= 137 patients), one reported a statistically significant change in the corrected QT (QTc) interval, but the clinical significance was unclear. Most of the studies reported rare occurrences of pathological QTc intervals in a limited number of patients. However, confounding factors (e.g., abnormal electrolyte level or concurrent medications) were not consistently considered. Potential bias might have been alleviated by blinding of electrocardiogram (ECG) assessors; however, this was not consistently implemented. The designs of the included studies did not allow assessment of causality. The results should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the available evidence is limited, pathological QTc intervals were noted among a small number of infants, which supports the possibility of domperidone-associated risk of prolonged QTc interval. Because of the potential severity of QT interval prolongation, individual assessment and routine ECG monitoring should be implemented for patients receiving domperidone.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte : </strong>La dompéridone est un agent gastroprocinétique utilisé pour traiter le reflux gastro-oesophagien chez l’enfant. Santé Canada a publié des mises en garde à propos d’un risque accru d’arythmies ventriculaires et de mort subite cardiaque associées à la dompéridone. Or, comme les données probantes ne concernent que l’adulte, il est difficile de généraliser les risques pour la santé à l’enfant.</p><p><strong>Objectif : </strong>Résumer et analyser les données probantes portant sur l’allongement de l’intervalle QT, les arythmies ventriculaires et la mort subite cardiaque associés à la dompéridone afin de déterminer le degré d’innocuité du médicament chez l’enfant.</p><p><strong>Sources des données : </strong>Deux bases de données (MEDLINE [1946 à août 2015] et EMBASE [1980 à août 2015]) ont été interrogées en utilisant les mots clés et les Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) suivants : « domperidone »  dompéridone), « arrhythmias, cardiac » (arythmies cardiaques), « death, sudden, cardiac » (mort, subite, cardiaque),« electrocardiography » (électrocardiographie), « heart diseases » (cardiopathies), « long QT syndrome » (syndrome du QT long), « tachycardia, ventricular » (tachycardie, ventriculaire), « torsades de pointes » (torsades de pointes) et « ventricular fibrillation » (fibrillation ventriculaire). La recherche se limitait aux études publiées en anglais et effectuées chez l’humain de moins de 18 ans.</p><p><strong>Sélection des études et extraction des données : </strong>Les études retenues dans la présente revue abordaient l’innocuité cardiaque de la dompéridone chez les patients de moins de 18 ans qui ne sont pas atteints d’un cancer.</p><p><strong>Synthèse des données : </strong>Parmi les cinq études qui répondaient aux critères d’inclusion (<em>n </em>= 137 patients), une indiquait un changement statistiquement significatif dans l’intervalle QT corrigé (QTc), mais la signification clinique demeurait floue. La plupart des études signalaient de rares cas d’intervalles QTc pathologiques chez un nombre limité de patients. Cependant, des facteurs de confusion (déséquilibre électrolytique ou emploi concomitant de médicaments, par exemple) n’étaient pas systématiquement pris en compte. Il aurait été possible d’éviter de potentiels biais en tenant les lecteurs d’électrocardiogramme (ECG) dans l’ignorance du traitement, mais cette mesure n’était pas toujours mise en oeuvre. Les plans des études retenues ne permettaient pas d’évaluer la causalité. Il faut donc interpréter les résultats avec prudence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions : </strong>Bien qu’il n’y ait que peu de données probantes, des cas d’intervalles QTc pathologiques ont été relevés chez un petit nombre de nourrissons, ce qui vient appuyer le risque possible d’allongement de l’intervalle QTc associé à la dompéridone. À cause de la potentielle gravité de l’allongement de l’intervalle QT, une évaluation individuelle et une surveillance ECG systématique doit être mise en place pour les patients qui reçoivent de la dompéridone.</p>


2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
STAVROS P. KOUNAS ◽  
KONSTANTINOS P. LETSAS ◽  
ANTONIOS SIDERIS ◽  
MICHALIS EFRAIMIDIS ◽  
FOTIOS KARDARAS

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Sides

Prolongation of the QT interval on the surface 12-lead electrocardiogram is widely accepted as a biomarker for the potential of a drug to produce torsades de pointes and/or sudden death. Detection of drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval in animals and man is frequently confounded by extrinsic and intrinsic factors that limit the ability to detect a true drug effect. In particular drugs that increase heart rate show an apparent increase in QT interval that confounds assessment of a true drug effect on cardiac ventricular repolarization. The basis for the use of the QT interval as a biomarker will be examined.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204209862094241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Malone ◽  
Jules C. Hancox

Background: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEis) including donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine are used to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to evaluate evidence from the case report literature for an association between these agents and risk of QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) arrhythmia. Methods: Published literature was mined with predetermined MeSH terms for each of donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine, to identify cases of QT interval prolongation and TdP. Case reports were analysed using causality scales and a QT interval nomogram. Results: A total of 13 case reports were found (10 for donepezil, 2 for galantamine and 1 for rivastigmine) with rate corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation. Five cases with donepezil exhibited TdP. TdP was not reported in the cases with galantamine and rivastigmine. The use of a QT heart rate nomogram highlighted risk with donepezil compared with the other two drugs and the application of the Naranjo causality scale suggested probable or possible causation for all donepezil cases. All patients had at least two other risk factors for TdP, including modifiable risk factors such as electrolyte disturbances, bradycardia, co-administration of QT prolonging drugs. A number of recent cases involved recent changes in medication. Conclusion: Our evaluation of the case report literature suggests that there is evidence for a causal association between donepezil and QTc/TdP risk. Attention to risk factors for QTc prolongation/TdP should be exercised when prescribing donepezil and modifiable risk factors corrected. Owing to the low number of cases with galantamine and rivastigmine, further work is needed to establish whether these drugs may be more suitable than donepezil for patients with other risk factors for TdP.


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