A Comparison of Predictors of General and Violent Recidivism Among High-Risk Federal Offenders

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. J. Glover ◽  
Diane E. Nicholson ◽  
Toni Hemmati ◽  
Gary A. Bernfeld ◽  
Vernon L. Quinsey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Measures ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Federally Sentenced

The accuracy of 10 risk measures in predicting general and violent recidivism among 106 federally sentenced male offenders was compared. During an average period of opportunity to reoffend of 713 days ( SD = 601.38), 28 offenders recidivated nonviolently, and 34 recidivated violently. Common language effect sizes in discriminating violent recidivists from other offenders were .73 for the General Statistical Information on Recidivism–Revised and .72 for the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide. Effect sizes ranging from .58 to .68 were obtained for DSM-IV Conduct Disorder scored as a scale, the Violent Statistical Information on Recidivism–Revised, the Psychological Referral Screening Form, the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised total score and Factor 2, and the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale. Effect sizes of .58 and .51 were obtained with the DSM-IV Antisocial Personality Disorder scored as a scale and the Psychopathy Checklist Factor 1, respectively.

scholarly journals Use and perceived utility of structured violence risk assessments in English medium secure forensic units

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Khiroya ◽  
Tim Weaver ◽  
Tony Maden
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offender ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Risk Appraisal ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised

Aims and MethodWe surveyed the usage and perceived utility of standardised risk measures in 29 forensic medium secure units (a 62% response rate).ResultsThe most common instruments were Historical Clinical Risk–20 (HCR–20) and Psychopathy Checklist – revised (PCL–R); both were rated highly for utility. the Risk Matrix 2000 (RM2000), Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG) and Static-99 were the most common sex offender assessments, but the Sexual Violence Risks–20 (SVR–20) was rated more positively for its use of dynamic factors and relevance to treatment.Clinical ImplicationsMost medium secure units use structured risk assessments and staff view them positively. As HCR–20 and PCL–R/PCL–SV (Psychopathy Checklist – Screening Version) are so widely used they should be the first choices considered by other services.

The HCR-20 Violence Risk Assessment Scheme

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN S. DOUGLAS ◽  
CHRISTOPHER D. WEBSTER
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Violence Risk Assessment ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Federally Sentenced ◽  
Risk Assessment Scheme

The Historical, Clinical, and Risk Management (HCR-20) violence risk assessment scheme was coded in a sample of 75 Canadian male, federally sentenced, maximum-security offenders. The concurrent validity of the HCR-20 was assessed through comparison to other risk instruments and to the presence of several past indexes of violent and antisocial behavior. The HCR-20 showed moderate to strong relationships with the concurrent measures. The HCR-20 was as or more strongly related to past violence than were the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised or the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide. Scores above the median of the HCR-20 increased the odds of the presence of various measures of past violence and antisocial behavior by an average of four times. Although recognizing the limitations of a small sample and retrospective design, the results give some indication that the HCR-20 may be worth investigating as a useful tool for violence risk assessments in correctional samples.

Is the PCL-R Really the “Unparalleled” Measure of Offender Risk?

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gendreau ◽  
Claire Goggin ◽  
Paula Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
General Utility ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised

The declaration that the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) is the “unparalleled” measure of offender risk prediction is challenged. It is argued that such an assertion reflects an ethnocentric view of research in the area and has led to unsubstantiated claims based on incomplete attempts at knowledge cumulation. In fact, another more comprehensive risk measure, the Level of Service Inventory–Revised, notably surpasses the PCL-R in predicting general (φ = .37 vs. .23) and violent recidivism, albeit only modestly so in the case of the latter (φ = .26 vs. .21). In addition, other problematic issues regarding the PCL-R are outlined. Finally, it is suggested that a more useful role for psychopathy in offender risk assessment may be in terms of the responsivity dimension in case management. Finally, the authors suggest further research directions that will aid in knowledge cumulation regarding the general utility of offender risk measures.

Comparative Validity Analysis of Multiple Measures of Violence Risk in a Sample of Criminal Offenders

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Douglas ◽  
Melissa Yeomans ◽  
Douglas P. Boer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Criminal Offenders ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Hare Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Risk Judgments

This study compared the predictive validity of multiple indices of violence risk among 188 general population criminal offenders: Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 (HCR-20) Violence Risk Assessment Scheme, Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG), Violent Offender Risk Assessment Scale (VORAS), Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), and Screening Version (PCL:SV). Several indices were related to violent recidivism with large statistical effect sizes: HCR-20 (Total, Clinical and Risk Management scales, structured risk judgments), VRAG, and behavioral scales of psychopathy measures. Multivariate analyses showed that HCR-20 indices were consistently related to violence and that the VRAG entered some analyses. Findings are inconsistent with a position of strict actuarial superiority, as HCR-20 structured risk judgments—an index of structured professional or clinical judgment—were as strongly related to violence.

Risk Factors in Violent and Nonviolent Offenders

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Valliant ◽  
Chantal Gristey ◽  
Derrick Potter ◽  
Robert Kosmyna
Keyword(s):  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Nonviolent Offenders ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Lower Test ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
Risk Scale

Factors leading to risk for violence were evaluated in an offender population of 36 male offenders including 18 Violent, e.g., assault, threatening and 17 nonviolent (break and enter, theft), and 17 nonoffenders. Their scores on the Psychopathy Checklist Revised, Violence Risk Scale–Experimental Version 1, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-168, and the Porteus Maze tests showed scores for the inmates with violent offenses were elevated on Psychopathic Deviate, Paranoia, Schizophrenia scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, violence risk of the Violence Risk Scale, showed psychopathic orientation on the Psychopathy Checklist Revised, and had a lower test age quotient score on the Porteus Maze test.

Psychopathy/Antisocial Personality Disorder Conundrum

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R.P. Ogloff
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Affective Deficits ◽  
Hare Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Research Findings

Psychopathy has traditionally been characterised as a disorder primarily of personality (particularly affective deficits) and, to a lesser extent, behaviour. Although often used interchangeably, the diagnostic constructs of psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and dissocial personality disorder are distinct. In this article, the relevant historical and contemporary literature concerning psychopathy is briefly reviewed. The diagnostic criteria for psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and dissocial personality disorder are compared. Consideration is given to the assessment, prevalence, and implications of psychopathy for violence risk and treatment efficacy. The DSM-IV-TR criteria for antisocial personality disorder, in particular, are largely behaviourally based. The ICD criteria for dissocial personality disorder, while paying more attention to affective deficits, also do not represent the broad personality and behavioural components of psychopathy. Since 1980, a great deal of research on these disorders has been conducted, using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, Revised (PCL-R). The PCL-R assesses both personality (interpersonal and affective) and behavioural (lifestyle and antisocial) deficits. As such, the research and clinical implications of psychopathy, as operationalised by the PCL-R, cannot be readily extrapolated to the diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder and dissocial personality disorder. As currently construed, the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder grossly over-identifies people, particularly those with offence histories, as meeting the criteria for the diagnosis. For example, research shows that between 50% and 80% of prisoners meet the criteria for a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, yet only approximately 15% of prisoners would be expected to be psychopathic, as assessed by the PCL-R. As such, the characteristics and research findings drawn from the psychopathy research may not be relevant for those with antisocial or dissocial personality disorder.

scholarly journals Violence risk prediction

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dolan ◽  
M. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Recent Developments

BackgroundViolence risk prediction is a priority issue for clinicians working with mentally disordered offenders.AimsTo review the current status of violence risk prediction research.MethodLiterature search (Medline). Key words: violence, risk prediction, mental disorder.ResultsSystematic/structured risk assessment approaches may enhance the accuracy of clinical prediction of violent outcomes. Data on the predictive validity of available clinical risk assessment tools are based largely on American and North American studies and further validation is required in British samples. The Psychopathy Checklist appears to be a key predictor of violent recidivism in a variety of settings.ConclusionsViolence risk prediction is an inexact science and as such will continue to provoke debate. Clinicians clearly need to be able to demonstrate the rationale behind their decisions on violence risk and much can be learned from recent developments in research on violence risk prediction.

scholarly journals La psicopatía en prisioneros chilenos: prevalencia y métodos de evaluación

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elizabeth M. León Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Dsm Iv

La psicopatía es un constructo psicopatológico de relevancia clínica para la salud mental y de gran aplicabilidad en el área forense. El conocimiento de su prevalencia en el ámbito penitenciario y la disponibilidad de instrumentos de medición con sus respectivas normas estadísticas, son altamente valiosos a los efectos de la planificación de intervenciones preventivas en el área de la salud mental y de la evaluación en las variadas áreas de la interfase entre la salud mental y el derecho. El presente estudio tuvo como meta la búsqueda de la prevalencia de la psicopatía y las normas del PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist – Revised) al igual que de otros conocimientos faltantes relacionados con la psicopatía, tanto en la población de penados chilenos como en los métodos de evaluación en general. Tampoco se conocía la prevalencia del trastorno de personalidad antisocial (DSM-IV) y su grado de comorbilidad con la psicopatía. Por lo que este estudio contribuyó a establecer la prevalencia de dicho trastorno y su grado de comorbilidad con la psicopatía. Con respecto de los demás instrumentos se realizaron los estadísticos descriptivos y se evaluó la confiabilidad y validez del PCL: SV y se obtuvieron los percentiles para la muestra chilena.

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