Dependency Theory in the Academic Self-Reports of the Brasília Group

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110367
Author(s):  
Claudia Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

A group of Brazilian writers—Ruy Mauro Marini, Theotônio dos Santos, and Vânia Bambirra—met in Brasilia in the 1960s and 1970s and produced, predominantly in exile, theories about the reality of Latin America and the periphery. In the 1980s, with the amnesty, the group returned to Brazil and confronted a hostile atmosphere in the academy. Analysis of these writers’ trajectories based on the academic self-reports they produced in the 1990s for admission or reentry into Brazilian universities addresses their views of the 1964 coup, exile, and the return to Brazil after the amnesty, the identity assigned to the group, and the controversy over the authorship of dependency theory. Um grupo de autores brasileiros—Rui Mauro Marini, Theotônio dos Santos e Vânia Bambirra—reuniu-se em Brasília e nos anos 1960 e 1970 e produziu, predominantemente no exílio, teorias acerca da realidade latino-americana e periférica. Nos anos 1980, com a anistia, o grupo retornou ao Brasil e foi hostilizado na academia. Um analisis da trajetória dos autores a partir de seus memoriais acadêmicos elaborados nos anos 1990 para ingresso ou reingresso nas universidades brasileiras abordam as visões a respeito do golpe de 1964, o exílio e o retorno depois da anistia, as denominações atribuídas ao grupo, e as polêmicas em torno da paternidade da teoria da dependência.

The 'Catastrophic Consciousness of Backwardness': Culture and Dependency Theory in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (103) ◽  
pp. 113-133
Author(s):  
Michael Niblett
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
A Site ◽  
Political Economic

This article examines the relationship between economic and cultural dependency. Its analysis is framed by Enrique Dussel's methodological insistence on the international transfer of surplus value as the essence of dependency. Beginning with an examination of the heyday of classical dependency theory in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1960s and 1970s, the article moves on to consider the increasing importance accorded culture as a site of power and struggle, focusing on the work of Sylvia Wynter. The second half of the article turns to the literary registration of dependency. Arguing that literary works can provide a barometric reading of the pressures of underdevelopment in advance of political-economic analyses, I consider Patrícia Galvão's Parque Industrial (1933) and Olive Senior's 'Boxed-In' (2015). Published, respectively, some forty years either side of the heyday of dependency theory, these paradigmatic fictions are examples of both the diagnostic and active role of literature in responding to the depredations of dependency.

The Latin American Publishing Circuit in the 21st Century: Following the Trajectory of César Aira

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 056-064
Author(s):  
María Belén Riveiro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
César Aira ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Cesar Aira ◽  
The 1960S

This essay poses a question about the identity of Latin American literature in the 21st century. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Latin America Boom received recognition both locally and internationally, becoming the dominant means of defining Latin American literature up to the present. This essay explores new ways to understand this notion of Latin America in the literary scene. The case of the Argentine writer César Aira is relevant for analyzing alternative publishing circuits that connect various points of the region. These publishing houses foster a defiant way of establishing the value of literature.

The Political Sociology of a Concept: Corporatism and the “Distinct Tradition”

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
Howard J. Wiarda
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
Latin American Studies ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Third World Development ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
World Development

The field of Latin American Studies owes much to Professor Howard J. Wiarda, whose pioneering work on “corporatism” and political culture during the 1960s and 1970s helped establish a new conceptual paradigm for interpreting the persistence of corporately defined, institutional identities throughout Latin America, despite the purported triumph of the “Liberal Tradition.” A child of Dutch parents, his early travels throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America sparked a keen interest in the question of “third world development.” Entering graduate school in the early 1960s, Professor Wiarda gravitated to the newly emergent field of modernization studies at the University of Florida, where he received his masters and doctorate degrees in Latin American politics. It was a time of tremendous social ferment in Latin America and his early fieldwork took him to the Dominican Republic, Mexico and Brazil, among other places. In each instance, he found recognizable patterns that transcended geographic locations, patterns that seemed to directly challenge the predominant arguments set forth in the modernization literature at the time.

Military Governments and the Transition to Civilian Rule: The Colombian Experience of 1957-1958

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hartlyn
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
Civilian Regimes ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Coups D'etat ◽  
Shed Light

In the 1960s and 1970s, scholars interested in studying Latin American politics inevitably were drawn to the study of military coups d'etat and their causes. In the 1980s, a number of the countries in Latin America whose civilian political regimes were overthrown by military regimes may undergo or attempt to consolidate processes of democratization or redemocratization. Thus scholarly interest has tended to shift away from seeking to understand the causes for military overthrows of civilian regimes toward the study of prospects and processes of democratization or redemocratization in Latin America. In this context, the reexamination of earlier examples of durable transitions from authoritarian military regimes to civilian regimes may shed light on the relative importance of different factors in determining particular outcomes. This article carries out such a re-examination for the case of Colombia, analyzing the transition from rule by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (1953-1957) through the crucial period of the interim military junta (1957-1958) to the consociational National Front political regime.

Urban Popular Movements in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Dosh
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Neighborhood Organizations ◽  
Awkward Position ◽  
Popular Movements ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Social Safety Nets

In Latin America, urban popular movements emerged in the late 1940s as thousands of low-income migrants and city residents banded together to claim land, build self-help housing, and forge neighborhood organizations that fomented community participation and mobilized to demand land titles and city services. These neighborhoods were characterized by informal housing; inadequate provision of electricity, water, sanitation, transportation, and social services; and informal employment and underemployment. During the authoritarianism of the 1960s and 1970s, some urban popular movements resisted military dictatorship while others forged clientelist ties. Democratic and authoritarian leaders alike were forced to deal with the steady influx of rural migrants to cities, and regimes of all types often came to view informal neighborhoods founded by urban popular movements as an acceptable solution to some of the challenges of urbanization. In the 1980s and 1990s, neoliberal privatization of public utilities and cuts to social safety nets harmed urban popular movements, but national and local democratization expanded some avenues of participation, and the regional trend of urban popular movements expanded in numbers and extended its geographic reach. In the 2000s, socialist “Pink Tide” governments delivered benefits to low-income sectors, and many popular sectors supported these leftist regimes. Material gains proved modest, however, and state-movement alliances were rocky, leaving urban popular movements in the awkward position of being dissatisfied with national leadership, yet preferring the Pink Tide incumbents to most alternatives. And in the 2010s, a new “right turn” emerged, as conservative leaders replaced many Pink Tide presidents, threatening to reintroduce the repressive over-policing of popular sectors. Throughout these periods, the core conceptual identity of some urban popular movements shifted from the poblador (the “founder” seeking to meet his or her family’s needs) to the vecino (the “neighbor” collaborating with other movement participants through collective efforts), to the ciudadano (the empowered “citizen” who recognizes his or her needs as rights to be secured through political engagement).

scholarly journals Latin America through the Literary Looking-Glass, And What Bolaño Found There

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Arnoldas Stramskas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
Political Critique ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Roberto Bolano

Abstract This article provides a broad overview of social, economic, and cultural politics in Latin America, especially concentrating on what became known as the Latin American literary “boom” in the 1960s and 1970s, and the region’s political context - colonial past, neocolonial/neoliberal present, the role of intellectuals within the state and cultural affairs. The second part focuses on Roberto Bolaño - the writer who put Latin American literature on the world map which has not been seen since the boom years - and his novel The Savage Detectives. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that literature not only shares common elements and possible intentions with social and political critique, but that it can also be an effective form of social and political criticism. In such a case, Bolaño’s work may be read not as inferior fictional account but as a complex, intersectional investigation of socioeconomic as well as ontological condition in Latin America that other modes of inquiry may overlook.

The “Vanderbilt Boys” and the Modernization of Brazilian Economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 893-924
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Suprinyak ◽  
Ramón García Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
Vanderbilt University ◽  
Point Of Reference

Economics as a scholarly discipline was transformed in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s, when many countries in the region received financial and academic support from US institutions ostensibly aimed at “modernizing” the standards of training and research in the field. Even though Chile remains the most well-known case, similar developments took place in Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, and elsewhere. In Brazil, the restructuring of economics derived much of its strength from a cooperation agreement signed between Vanderbilt University and the University of São Paulo, financially backed by USAID and the Ford Foundation. This article recovers the early postwar origins of this partnership, the process through which it was implemented during the 1960s, and its influence in reshaping Brazilian scholarly standards. Just as the University of Chicago left a lasting mark on Chilean economics, Vanderbilt also became a pervasive point of reference for the future development of the discipline in Brazil. Different actors, institutions, and contexts, however, ultimately produced quite distinct results in each case.

The Diffusion and Circulation of Marxism in the Periphery: Mariátegui and Dependency Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110373
Author(s):  
Deni Alfaro Rubbo
Keyword(s):  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Examination of the diffusion of the work of José Carlos Mariátegui (1894–1930) among Brazilian social scientists exiled to Chile during the 1960s and 1970s shows that, despite their significant contact with it, there was no discussion of it in the main works of the dependency theorists, and therefore there is insufficient evidence to declare it a precursor of that theory. O exame da difusão da obra de José Carlos Mariátegui (1894–1930) entre os cientistas sociais brasileiros exilados no Chile durante as décadas de 1960 e 1970 mostra que, apesar de seu contato significativo com o país, não foi discutido nas principais obras da teóricos da dependência e, portanto, não há evidências suficientes para declará-lo um precursor dessa teoria.

Liberation Theology in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Shadle
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Gustavo Gutierrez ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Preferential Option ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines the emergence of liberation theology in Latin America. It offers three cases studies illustrating the economic and political turmoil in Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s: Chile, Brazil, and El Salvador. The chapter then turns to the theology of two prominent liberation theologians, Gustavo Gutiérrez and Ignacio Ellacuría. Gutiérrez proposes that God calls us to make a preferential option for the poor, and to work for integral liberation in history. Similarly, Ellacuría explains that God offers his salvation in history, and the church is called to realize the Reign of God in the midst of historical reality, siding with the “crucified people” with whom Jesus identifies.

Latinos Reject America’s Definition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Hayes-Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of

The Chicano Generation, largely the grandchildren of refugees who fled the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1930, came of age in the 1960s and 1970s and rejected the nativist definition of Latinos by consciously embracing their Mexican and Latin American cultural heritage. When they traveled to Mexico, however, they discovered they were considered to be American rather than Mexican, and they often wound up feeling that they did not truly belong to either identity. New immigrants from Mexico and Latin America arrived and settled in without placing much attention on their cultural heritage.

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