Regional deterrence and ‘non-genuine’ refugees: The punitive legacy of the 1989 Comprehensive Plan of Action

The outsourcing of refugee protection obligations is reshaping state relations in the Asia Pacific and Southeast Asian region and has underscored a progressively punitive approach to ‘irregular’ refugee movement. Such a shift can be partially but importantly traced to the deterrent foundations of Australia's dual-track processing system, introduced as an outcome of the 1989 Comprehensive Plan of Action on Indochinese Refugees (CPA). Although the CPA was a multilateral attempt to improve access to refugee protection through a coordinated regional response, in many respects it undermined the potential for refugee protection. By examining the history and motivations of regional responses, we can trace their impact as an exercise in either affirming or disavowing regional responsibility for refugee protection, while enabling some states to retain and even increase their capacity for control in the region. Given the call by the Global Compact on Refugees for coordinated regionally responsive approaches based on humanitarian principles, the crafting of regional and global plans, their motives and their governing logic, require ongoing and careful attention to ascertain the forms of responsibility or irresponsibility for refugee protection which they might sustain over time.

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An Evaluation of Mono-product Economies & examining the sine qua non for diversification - In West Asian Region

Journal of Accounting Research, Business and Finance Management ◽

10.46610/jarbfm.2021.v02i02.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sushmita .

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

The West ◽

Capitalist System ◽

Asian Region ◽

Long Run ◽

Asian Economies ◽

On Line ◽

Mode Of Development ◽

Over Time

The discovery of oil in West Asia has contributed to its integration into the international capitalist system. The mono-commodity, oil, has brought tremendous wealth to West Asia. But a rising population and an ever growing demonstration effect, has caused imports to grow exorbitantly, with oil prices expected to fall, depicted explicitly by recent oil price drop, also over time as interest in climate change increases after RIO-20, and more options of renewable energy sources coming on line like Gas, Solar Energy, wind power and nuclear energy etc. the rentier mode of development followed by west Asian economies is clearly unsustainable. Further the oil producing nations are so over-specialized that they do not possess the necessary flexibility to shift their resources from one sector to another, or to develop substitution if and when the need arises. Moreover, the ability of oil producing countries to respond to deliberate or accidental economic measures taken abroad is limited. This paper theoretically analyses the standing of the West Asian mono product economies, their specific traits, benefits and disbenefit of current condition and looks into the case for diversification of West Asian Region. As diversification is a sine qua non in long Run for the sustainability of the West Asian economies.

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Organizational Supports to Sustain Intensive Family Preservation Programs

Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services ◽

10.1177/104438949207300802 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 463-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Betty J. Blythe ◽

Elizabeth M. Tracy ◽

Avis Kotovsky ◽

Selma Gwatkin

Keyword(s):

Family Preservation ◽

Careful Attention ◽

Public Agencies ◽

Broad View ◽

Organizational Supports ◽

Ongoing Training ◽

Private And Public ◽

Over Time

In response to increased funding for programs to avoid unnecessary out-of-home placements, family preservation programs are being implemented by private and public agencies. The authors identify the organizational supports that are required to sustain family preservation programs over time. These supports include ongoing training, a broad view of supervisory responsibilities, and careful attention to maintaining relationships with referring and other agencies. Future issues facing family preservation programs also are discussed.

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The Comprehensive Plan of Action for Indochinese Refugees, 1989-1997: Sharing the Burden and Passing the Buck

Journal of Refugee Studies ◽

10.1093/jrs/17.3.319 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 319-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

W. C. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Comprehensive Plan ◽

Indochinese Refugees

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Cross-Border M&A Motives and Home Country Institutions: Role of Regulatory Quality and Dynamics in the Asia-Pacific Region

Journal of Risk and Financial Management ◽

10.3390/jrfm14100468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 468

Author(s):

Peter Zámborský ◽

Zheng Joseph Yan ◽

Erwann Sbaï ◽

Matthew Larsen

Keyword(s):

Institutional Environment ◽

Home Country ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Asia Pacific Region ◽

Cross Border ◽

Regulatory Quality ◽

Using Data ◽

Over Time

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between home country institutions and cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) motives of MNEs from the Asia-Pacific region, with a focus on the role of regulatory quality and dynamics. We empirically examine how M&A motives are affected by elements related to risk of the institutional environment of the acquiring firm’s home country regulatory quality over time. The study is grounded in the general theory of springboard MNEs, and the institutional views of cross-border operations, namely the institutional escapism and institutional fostering perspectives. Using data on over 700 cross-border M&As of European firms by Asia-Pacific MNEs in 2007–2017, we analyze the rationales for these deals and their relationship to the institutional characteristics of the buyers’ home countries including regulatory quality and voice and accountability. We found that the quality of home country regulatory environment is significantly related to domestic firms’ motivation for international M&As. However, the significance and sign of the effects differ for different types of motives and over time. Our findings contribute to the literature on general versus emerging MNE-specific internationalization theories (particularly the theory of springboard MNEs) by expounding on the types and dynamics of cross-border M&A motives.

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Between a Rock and a Hard Place

Journal of Conflict Resolution ◽

10.1177/0022002711429681 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 16-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Paul Staniland

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Civil Wars ◽

Government Policy ◽

The State ◽

Careful Attention ◽

Internal Politics ◽

Conflict Outcomes ◽

Over Time ◽

Empirical Record ◽

Hard Place

Ethnic insurgents sometimes defect to join forces with the state during civil wars. Ethnic defection can have important effects on conflict outcomes, but its causes have been understudied. Using Sunni defection in Iraq as a theory-developing case, this article offers a theory of “fratricidal flipping” that identifies lethal competition between insurgent factions as an important cause of defection. It examines the power of the fratricidal-flipping mechanism against competing theories in the cases of Kashmir and Sri Lanka. These wars involve within-conflict variation in defection across groups and over time. A detailed study of the empirical record, including significant fieldwork, suggests that fratricide was the dominant trigger for defection, while government policy played a secondary role in facilitating pro-state paramilitarism. Deep ideological disagreements were surprisingly unimportant in driving defection. The argument is probed in other wars in Asia. The complex internal politics of insurgent movements deserve careful attention.

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Can the Asia Pacific market accomodate Australia's LNG projects?

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj10057 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 677

Author(s):

John Harris

Keyword(s):

Asia Pacific ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Asia Pacific Region ◽

Supply Contracts ◽

Medium Term ◽

Competitive Position ◽

Demand Growth ◽

Project Costs ◽

Over Time

The portfolio of proposed Australian LNG projects continues to grow. What is the demand outlook for Asia Pacific LNG—and can it absorb the potential volume from these projects? Who are the key importers and what are the demand uncertainties within the Asia Pacific region? Can Australian LNG penetrate markets further afield? What has driven the growth in Australian LNG projects and how many more might emerge? Where are the projects that will compete with Australian LNG? Is Australian LNG competitive relative to other supplies? Are project costs likely to increase further? How is the LNG supply-demand balance likely to develop in the Asia Pacific during the next decade? Is there a looming surplus of LNG and, if so, what would this mean for Australia? Does the outlook presage a buyers’ market or a sellers’ market? Will contract expiries from established LNG exporters increase supply availability in the Asia Pacific? What could this mean for oil indexation and long term LNG contracts? Could alternative pricing mechanisms evolve and will we see an increase in short and medium term supply contracts? This paper examines the outlook for the Asia Pacific LNG market—and the growing role Australian LNG is playing in meeting demand growth. It also reviews Australia’s competitive position and considers the way in which the structure of Asia Pacific LNG contracts may evolve over time.

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The Comprehensive Plan of Action for Indochinese Refugees

Refugees, Regionalism and Responsibility ◽

10.4337/9781782547297.00012 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 143-161

Keyword(s):

Comprehensive Plan ◽

Indochinese Refugees

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ISLAM IN AND OUT: COSMOPOLITAN PATRIOTISM AND XENOPHOBIA AMONG MUSLIMS IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE

Africa ◽

10.1017/s0001972016000334 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 447-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marie Miran-Guyon

Keyword(s):

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Lived Experiences ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Armed Conflicts ◽

Careful Attention ◽

National History ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Grass Roots ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACTThe nativist ideology of ivoirité of the 1990s generated brutal discriminatory policies against those labelled as ‘strangers’, especially Muslims. Reversing that perspective, this article focuses on the interface between religion and national identity in twentieth-century Côte d'Ivoire from within Muslim society. The argument is divided into two parts. The first puts forward the counter-hegemonic, patriotic-cum-cosmopolitan narratives that a new Muslim leadership formulated in order to write Islam into national history. The second focuses on grass-roots, demotic, day-to-day realities. It explores Muslim takes on belonging and alienation in practice, paying careful attention to the community's internal diversity. It shows how, over time, Ivorian Muslims have showcased varying degrees of cosmopolitan patriotism but also of their own, local xenophobia. The concluding section returns to the new Muslim leadership and its multifaceted endeavours to reconcile Muslim lived experiences with their cosmopolitan patriotic aspirations. The article ends with a short epilogue surveying the violent armed conflicts of the period 2002 to 2011 and how Muslims were a part of them.

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