Comparisons of Spatiotemporal and Ground Reaction Force Components of Gait Between Individuals with Congenital Vision Loss and Sighted Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Mahdi Majlesi ◽  
Nader Farahpour ◽  
Gordon E. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Heel Contact ◽  
Force Components

Introduction: The understanding of abnormalities in biomechanical parameters of gait in individuals with vision loss (i.e., blindness or low vision) has clinical importance. The aims of this study were to compare the spatiotemporal and ground reaction force variables of sighted individuals with those with vision loss. Methods: Ten sighted males and 10 young males with congenital vision loss were recruited. A Vicon motion analysis system with four cameras and two Kistler force plates was used to quantify spatiotemporal and ground reaction force components of both groups during walking without shoes. Sighted individuals walked in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Results: Results showed that the stride and step length, walking speed, the vertical and posterior–anterior reaction forces in heel contact and push-off phase, and the impulse of the control group during walking with the open- and closed-eyes conditions were significantly smaller than those in persons with vision loss ( p < .05). Discussion: Vision loss is associated with decreased step and stride length, slower walking, and smaller propulsive reaction force. These kinematic and kinetics alterations suggest an adaptation to a new neuromuscular response for dynamic postural control as a result of lack of vision. These alterations in the long term may result in rigidity and muscle weakness. Implications for practitioners: A rehabilitation program to enhance mobility and strength is suggested for individuals with vision loss.

GROUND REACTION FORCE ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL AND WADDLING GAIT PATTERNS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350024
Author(s):  
Mehdi Razeghi ◽  
Mostafa Rostami ◽  
Nima Jamshidi ◽  
Hamed Ghomashchi
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Plate Analysis

Background: The purpose of this case series was to quantify gait to study muscular dystrophy. In this research, the quantitative differences between normal and waddling gaits were assessed by force plate analysis. Methods: Nineteen myopathy patients and 20 normal subjects serving as the control group participated in this research. In this study, quantitative analyses of gait have been used to investigate the differences in mobility between normal subjects and myopathy patients. Patient data were collected from Iranian Muscular Dystrophy Association members, and normal data were extracted from students of Azad University. All of the gait tests were performed using a Kistler force platform. Participants walked at a self-selected speed, barefoot, independently, and without assistive devices. Results: Our findings indicate that there were no significant differences between the patients and the control group in the anterior–posterior components of the ground reaction forces; however, there were considerable differences in the force components between the groups in the medial-lateral and vertical directions of the ground reaction force. In addition, there were significant differences in the time parameters between the groups along the vertical and medial-lateral directions.

Prosthetic foot design optimisation based on roll-over shape and ground reaction force characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (17) ◽  
pp. 3093-3103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Mahmoodi ◽  
S Aristodemou ◽  
RS Ransing ◽  
N Owen ◽  
MI Friswell
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Release Mechanisms ◽  
Heel Contact ◽  
Discretisation Error ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Stiffness Profile

Most prosthetic foot products are adjusted by skilled prosthetists using a variety of gait analysis and information given to them by patients in terms of feel and experience. The design of prosthetic foot has traditionally focused on optimising stiffness to support the body weight and storage/release mechanisms of strain energy from heel contact to push off. As a result of this, the optimisation process of a prosthetic foot is simple and sometimes insufficient. It is proposed that the stiffness and energy release mechanisms of prosthetic feet be designed to satisfy amputee’s natural gait characteristics that are defined by an effective roll-over shape and corresponding ground reaction force combinations. Each point on the roll-over shape is mapped with a ground reaction force corresponding to its time stamp. The resulting discrete set of ground reaction force components are applied to the prosthetic foot sole and its stiffness profile is optimised to produce a desired deflection as given by the corresponding point on the roll-over shape. The robustness of this novel computational method is tested on three prosthetic designs. The mesh sensitivity results and the discretisation error resulting from applying finite number of ground reaction forces are discussed. It is shown that the proposed methodology is able to provide valuable insights in the guidelines for selection of materials for a multi-material prosthetic foot.

scholarly journals Gait Disorders In Patients After Polytrauma

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Ruta Jakušonoka ◽  
Zane Pavāre ◽  
Andris Jumtiņš ◽  
Aleksejs Smolovs ◽  
Tatjana Anaņjeva
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
Polytrauma Patients

Abstract Evaluation of the gait of patients after polytrauma is important, as it indicates the ability of patients to the previous activities and work. The aim of our study was to evaluate the gait of patients with lower limb injuries in the medium-term after polytrauma. Three-dimensional instrumental gait analysis was performed in 26 polytrauma patients (16 women and 10 men; mean age 38.6 years), 14 to 41 months after the trauma. Spatio-temporal parameters, motions in pelvis and lower extremities joints in sagittal plane and vertical load ground reaction force were analysed. Gait parameters in polytrauma patients were compared with a healthy control group. Polytrauma patients in the injured side had decreased step length, cadence, hip extension, maximum knee flexion, vertical load ground reaction force, and increased stance time and pelvic anterior tilt; in the uninjured side they had decreased step length, cadence, maximum knee flexion, vertical load ground reaction force and increased stance time (p < 0.05). The use of the three-dimensional instrumental gait analysis in the evaluation of polytrauma patients with lower limb injuries consequences makes it possible to identify the gait disorders not only in the injured, but also in the uninjured side.

Ground Reaction Forces in Children’s Gait

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Greer ◽  
Joseph Hamill ◽  
Kevin R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Minimum Force

Ground reaction force patterns during walking were observed in 18 children 3 and 4 years of age. The children walked barefoot at a self-chosen walking pace. Selected variables representing the vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral force components were evaluated. The results indicated that children in this age range contact the ground with greater vertical force measures relative to body mass than do adults. In addition, the minimum vertical force was lower, the transition from braking to propulsion occurred earlier, and the mediolateral force excursions were higher than typically found in adults. When the children were divided into groups on the basis of sex, differences were observed between those groups. The boys exhibited a greater difference in the vertical peak forces, a lower minimum force, a greater braking force, and a higher mediolateral force excursion value. The results indicated that children display a different ground reaction force pattern than do adults and that differences between boys and girls may be observed as early as ages 3 and 4 years.

scholarly journals Effect of Textured Foot Orthoses on the Ground Reaction Force Components in the Older Adults During Walking

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Aydin Valizadeorang ◽  
Arefe Mokhtari MalekAbadi ◽  
Aydin Valizade Orang ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Force Components

scholarly journals The Effect of External Focus Attention Exercise On the Kinetic Risk Factors Associated With ACL Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-485
Author(s):  
Nazanin Dalvandpour ◽  
◽  
Mostafa Zarei ◽  
Behrouz Abdoli ◽  
Hamed Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
External Focus ◽  
Time To Stabilization ◽  
Internal Focus ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background and Aims One of the most common and dangerous injuries in sports is an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. Today, despite the ACL injury prevention programs, the prevalence of this injury remains high. Most of the instructions used in injury prevention programs are based on internal focus, while studies have shown that using external focus can improve performance in individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of focus of attention on eight weeks of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention training on landing skill kinetic variables in soccer players. Methods The current methodology included 35 players from 3 premier league teams in Tehran province. The teams were randomly divided into three groups of Prevent injury and Enhance Performance (PEP) exercises based on the External Focus (EF) (12 people), Internal Focus (IF) (12 people), and control group (11 people). In the pretest of ground reaction force, rate of loading, and time to stabilization during landing skill. The training groups performed pep injury prevention exercises for eight weeks and related instructions instead of warm-up exercises. Control group players were performing the regular activities. ANOVA with repeated measures and one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to evaluate changes Results The test results showed significant changes in vertical, anterior-posterior ground reaction force and rate of loading in the external focus group (P≤0.05). But there was no critical difference in time to stabilization and internal-external ground reaction force. Conclusion According to the results, external focus instruction has positive effects on kinetic components. Therefore, it is recommended that exercises based on these instructions be used to reduce the risk of ACL injury and to repair this injury.

Gait Phase Detection Using Foot Acceleration for Estimating Ground Reaction Force in Long Distance Gait Rehabilitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Kawamura ◽  
◽  
Yuya Morita ◽  
Jun Okamoto ◽  
Kohei Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Axis Direction ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Heel Contact ◽  
Gait Phase

In gait rehabilitation, achieving a gait analysis method using a simple system during long-distance walking is important. This method is required to measure all gait parameters in a single measurement. In addition, it is required that the measurement system is not spatially constrained. Therefore, we have been developing a gait tracking system with acceleration sensors for long-distance gait rehabilitation. In this paper, we describe a gait phase detection method using foot acceleration data for estimating ground reaction force during long-distance gait rehabilitation. To develop this method, we focused on the jerk of each foot in vertical axis direction. Using two accelerometers mounted on the left and right feet, we carried out three experiments. First, we measured the jerk of each foot during a free gait to verify the relation with the walking speed. Second, we measured the jerk of each foot during walking faster than normal for each subject. We then compared these results with the results of first experiments. Finally, we measured the jerk of each foot during left-right asymmetrical walking. The results confirmed that gait phase could be detected using the jerk of each leg, calculated from acceleration data in vertical axis direction. In particular, the timing of Heel-contact / Toe-off could be obtained with an average error of 0.03 s. And as a preliminary study, we estimated the ground reaction force using the one of the results.

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