Atypical Carcinoid of the Larynx: A Case Report

Neuroendocrine carcinomas are a spectrum of rare and highly heterogeneous malignant tumors. Neuroendocrine carcinomas mainly arise from neuroendocrine cells scattered throughout the body. They mainly occur in the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Atypical carcinoid of the larynx is a rare type of neuroendocrine carcinoma, which is easily misdiagnosed as hemangioma in appearance. We mainly feature the disease to you through the diagnosis and treatment of a case of atypical carcinoid of the larynx.

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Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: A Retrospective Study of 14 Cases

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/832194 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yingying Zhu ◽

Liming Gao ◽

Yunxiao Meng ◽

Wenwen Diao ◽

Xiaoli Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Time ◽

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Small Cell ◽

Atypical Carcinoid ◽

Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽

Typical Carcinoid ◽

Mean Survival Time ◽

The Mean ◽

Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas (LNECs) are rare and highly heterogeneous which present a wide spectrum of pathological and clinical manifestations. Fourteen patients with histologically demonstrated LNEC were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The 14 cases were classified into 3 subtypes: typical carcinoid in 2, atypical carcinoid in 5, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in 7. The mean survival time of the 14 patients in this study was 112.5 months (95% CI, 81.5–143.6). Surgeries were performed for 2 patients of typical carcinoid, and they were alive with no evidence of recurrence after 24 and 47 months of follow-ups. Patients in the atypical carcinoid group were treated with surgeries and postoperative radiotherapy. After 58.4 months of follow-ups (range: 9–144), 2 patients showed no evidence of disease and 1 was lost to follow-up after 72 months. The other 2 patients died of other unrelated diseases. In the small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma group, a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy was applied. The mean survival time was 79.7 months (95% CI, 37.9–121.4), and the 5-year survival rate was 53.6%. In conclusion, the clinical behaviors, treatment protocols, and prognosis are different for each subtype of LNECs.

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Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Thymus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2006-130-201-pmaott ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 201-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Payal Kapur ◽

Dinesh Rakheja ◽

Michael Bastasch ◽

Kyle H. Molberg ◽

Venetia R. Sarode

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Mucinous Adenocarcinoma ◽

Mediastinal Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Anterior Mediastinal Mass ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Specific Identification ◽

Biopsy Specimens ◽

Thymic Neoplasm

Abstract Primary thymic mucinous adenocarcinoma is extremely rare; to our knowledge, only 2 cases have been reported to date. We describe a third case of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the thymus in a 41-year-old man who presented with an anterior mediastinal mass with subsequent metastasis to the lung. The initial diagnosis was of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma, but extensive clinical workup of the patient failed to reveal a primary tumor elsewhere in the body. The specific identification of mucinous adenocarcinoma as a primary thymic neoplasm can be difficult or impossible. Morphologic and immunophenotypic similarities to mucinous adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract can pose diagnostic challenges for surgical pathologists, especially in small biopsy specimens.

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A rare type of mesiodens – case report: Diagnosis and treatment

10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2021.19.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miona Vuletic ◽

Milca Veličković ◽

Aleksandar Acović ◽

Vladimir Ristić ◽

Tamara Ristić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Rare Type

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Modern Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Tumors of Gastrointestinal Tract

European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology ◽

10.13187/ejmb.2019.2.49 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment

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Carcinosarcoma of Uterus A highly Aggressive Tumour A Case Report

Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ◽

10.3329/bjog.v25i1.13730 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

Jannatul Ferdous ◽

Mosammat Rashida Begum ◽

Shahana Pervin ◽

Khoorshed Jahan Moula ◽

Fauzia Sobhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Pelvic Mass ◽

Endometrial Biopsy ◽

The Body ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Rare Type ◽

Rare Tumour ◽

Polypoidal Mass ◽

Stromal Component

Carcinosarcoma (CS) of uterus is a relatively rare tumour and accounts for less than 1 percent of malignant growth of the female genital tract. This tumour contains both malignant epithelial component and malignant stromal component. So, it is also known as malignant mixed mullerian tumours (MMMTS). Carcinosarcoma usually arise from endometrium and myometrium and rarely from cervix, ovary. The clinical presentation is mostly postmenopausal bleeding but enlarging pelvic mass, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge or polypoidal mass protruding through the cervical os are also frequently present. The risk factors include obesity, exogenous estrogen, nulliparity, exposure to radiation & temoxifen. Histological evaluation by endometrial biopsy will establish the diagnosis in most cases. Carcinosarcoma is aggressive type of tumour; extra-uterine spread is very common and generally carries a poor prognosis. The prognosis depends on the extent of the tumour at the time of primary surgery. This case report describes a rare type of presentation of the tumour which arose from the body & cervix of uterus and presented with a polypoidal mass prolapsed into the vagina. The case was properly diagnosed & managed by surgery and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i1.13730 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(1) : 33-36

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Cancer stem-neuroendocrine cells in an atypical carcinoid case report

Translational Lung Cancer Research ◽

10.21037/tlcr.2019.12.07 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1157-1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Valentina Masciale ◽

Giulia Grisendi ◽

Federico Banchelli ◽

Roberto D’Amico ◽

Antonino Maiorana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Neuroendocrine Cells ◽

Atypical Carcinoid

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Ethambutol Induced Lichenoid Drug Eruption: a case report

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886315666201217095950 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Thitaree Yuyaem ◽

Patcharaporn Sudchada ◽

Chutika Srisuttiyakorn ◽

Jirapan Juntawong ◽

Naruemon Khanngern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Reaction ◽

Case Report ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Drug Eruption ◽

Causality Assessment ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Spinal Tuberculosis ◽

The Body ◽

Rare Type ◽

Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction

Background: A rare type of cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR), lichenoid drug eruption (LDE), can be associated with ethambutol. Case Report: A 60-year-old woman with spinal tuberculosis received multiple anti-TB medications and developed rashes after 3 months of the treatments. A skin biopsy from the posterior auricular area confirmed lichenoid dermatitis and the Naranjo causality assessment indicated ethambutol as a probable cause of LDE in the patient. The rashes slowly improved after discontinuation of ethambutol . Unfortunately, the residual of brown hyperpigmentation on the body has still persisted for over 16 months. Results and Conclusion: The medications were reduced to isoniazid 300 mg/day and rifampicin 450 mg /day as planned for another 3 months. This case report points out the essentials of early recognition of ethambutol LDE by health care professionals.

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Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2002-126-0545-pnc ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 126 (5) ◽

pp. 545-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Qin Huang ◽

Alona Muzitansky ◽

Eugene J. Mark

Keyword(s):

Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽

Large Cell ◽

Small Cell ◽

The Body ◽

Low Grade ◽

Typical Carcinoid ◽

Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽

Poorly Differentiated ◽

Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Abstract Context.—Primary pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are traditionally classified into 3 major types: typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LC) or small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SC). Confusion arises frequently regarding the malignant nature of TC and the morphologic differentiation between AC and LC or SC. Objective.—To provide clinicopathologic evidence to streamline and clarify the histomorphologic criteria for this group of tumors, emphasizing the prognostic implications. Patients.—To minimize variability in diagnostic criteria and treatment plans, we analyzed a group of patients whose diagnosis and treatment occurred at a single institution. We reviewed 234 cases of primary pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and thoroughly studied 50 cases of resected tumors from 1986 to 1995. Results.—On the basis of morphologic characteristics and biologic behaviors of the tumors, we agree with many previous investigators that these tumors are all malignant and potentially aggressive. Based on our accumulated data, we have modified Gould criteria and reclassified these tumors into 5 types: (1) well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (otherwise called TC) (14 cases, with less than 1 mitosis per 10 high-power fields [HPF] with or without minimal necrosis); (2) moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (otherwise called low-grade AC) (6 cases, with less than 10 mitoses per 10 HPF and necrosis evident at high magnification); (3) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (otherwise called high-grade AC) (10 cases, with more than 10 mitoses per 10 HPF and necrosis evident at low-power magnification); (4) undifferentiated LC (5 cases, with more than 30 mitoses per 10 HPF and marked necrosis); and (5) undifferentiated SC (15 cases, with more than 30 mitoses per 10 HPF and marked necrosis). The 5-year survival rates were 93%, 83%, 70%, 60%, and 40% for well, moderately, and poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated large cell and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, respectively. We found nodal metastasis in 28% of TC in this retrospective review, a figure higher than previously recorded. Conclusion.—Using a grading system and terms comparable to those used for many years and used for neuroendocrine tumors elsewhere in the body, we found that classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas as well, moderately, poorly differentiated, or undifferentiated provides prognostic information and avoids misleading terms and concepts. This facilitates communication between pathologists and clinicians and thereby improves diagnosis and management of the patient.

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The New Biology of Gastrointestinal Hormones

Physiological Reviews ◽

10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1087 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 1087-1108 ◽

Cited By ~ 207

Author(s):

JENS F. REHFELD

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽

The Body ◽

Neuroendocrine Cells ◽

Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Ancestral Gene ◽

Gut Hormone ◽

New Biology

Rehfeld, Jens F. The New Biology of Gastrointestinal Hormones. Physiol. Rev. 78: 1087–1108, 1998. — The classic concept of gastrointestinal endocrinology is that of a few peptides released to the circulation from endocrine cells, which are interspersed among other mucosal cells in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Today more than 30 peptide hormone genes are known to be expressed throughout the digestive tract, which makes the gut the largest endocrine organ in the body. Moreover, development in cell and molecular biology now makes it feasible to describe a new biology for gastrointestinal hormones based on five characteristics. 1) The structural homology groups the hormones into families, each of which is assumed to originate from a common ancestral gene. 2) The individual hormone gene is often expressed in multiple bioactive peptides due to tandem genes encoding different hormonal peptides, alternative splicing of the primary transcript, or differentiated processing of the primary translation product. By these mechanisms, more than 100 different hormonally active peptides are produced in the gastrointestinal tract. 3) In addition, gut hormone genes are widely expressed, also outside the gut. Some are expressed only in neuroendocrine cells, whereas others are expressed in a multitude of different cells, including cancer cells. 4) The different cell types often express different products of the same gene, “cell-specific expression.” 5) Finally, gastrointestinal hormone-producing cells release the peptides in different ways, so the same peptide may act as an acute blood-borne hormone, as a local growth factor, as a neurotransmitter, and as a fertility factor. The new biology suggests that gastrointestinal hormones should be conceived as intercellular messengers of general physiological impact rather than as local regulators of the upper digestive tract.

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