Home Country Institutions and the Internationalization-Performance Relationship

We propose that the mixed findings of research on the internationalization-performance (I-P) relationship reflect its failure to adequately consider the moderating role of firms’ home country formal and informal institutions. This general hypothesis is supported in a meta-analysis of the firm-, industry-, home country–, and host country–level factors driving the I-P relationship across 32 countries between 1972 and 2012 from 359 primary studies—the largest sample of primary studies of any meta-analysis on this topic to date. We make three main contributions to the I-P and global strategy literatures. First, we develop a novel integration of the theoretical logics from the I-P research and the institution-based view of strategy to explain how embeddedness in home country institutions affects the strength of the I-P relationship. Second, we show the importance of including both formal and informal institutions in analyses of firms’ institutional embeddedness, thereby extending our knowledge of the effects of institutional complexity. Our third contribution is methodological and reflects our use of advanced meta-analytical techniques based on both product-moment and partial correlations as effect sizes, which allow us to address unresolved debates about the sign and shape of the I-P relationship. Our results show that the I-P relationship is positive, although the overall effect is small and varies greatly across firms’ home countries. We conclude by discussing the findings’ relevance and promising future research avenues, including novel research questions, multilevel theoretical and empirical frameworks, and improvements in methodological rigor.

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Formal institutions and the development of entrepreneurial activity – the contingent role of corruption in emerging economies

Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy ◽

10.1108/jepp-06-2020-0033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Arezou Harraf ◽

Hasan Ghura ◽

Allam Hamdan ◽

Xiaoqing Li

Keyword(s):

Emerging Economies ◽

Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽

Informal Institutions ◽

Entrepreneurial Activity ◽

Future Research ◽

Formal Institutions ◽

Business World ◽

Content Type ◽

Formal And Informal Institutions ◽

Control Of Corruption

PurposeThe paper aims to analyse the interplay between formal and informal institutions' and their impact on entrepreneurship rates in emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachThis study expands previous research in examining the moderating effect of control of corruption on the relationship between formal institutions and the development of the entrepreneurial activity. The study utilizes longitudinal analyses of a dataset from 41 emerging economies over 11 years (2006–2016).FindingsFindings provided robust support for the study's hypotheses. The results suggested lower levels of corruption positively moderate the effects of a country's number of procedures and education and training on the rates of entrepreneurial activity, while negatively moderating the effects of firm-level technology absorption on the rates of entrepreneurial activity.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has considered only one particular aspect of high-growth entrepreneurship, which is newly registered firms with limited liability. Although newly registered firms are recognized as one of the critical drivers of entrepreneurial activity. Future research should seek to examine other aspects of growth-oriented entrepreneurship such as activities involving a high level of innovation, corporate entrepreneurship or technology developments.Practical implicationsThis study advanced the existing theories in the field of entrepreneurship and institutional economics as it merged the two theories as a driving framework in the design of the study in the context of emerging economies.Social implicationsThe study tested a theoretical model by expanding the number of emerging economies in the study and found comparable findings that explain factors that may influence the likelihood of individuals entering entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThis article adds to the current literature as it highlights the importance of the interplay of formal and informal institutions in determining their impact on entrepreneurship rates in emerging economies. This is of particular importance to policy-makers, and the business world as the empirical results of this study show the benefits of control of corruption in boosting entrepreneurial rates in these economies, which strive for economic diversification in their developmental endeavours.

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Studying Religiosity and Spirituality: A Review of Macro, Micro, and Meso-Level Approaches

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel11090437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 437 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patricia Snell Herzog ◽

David P. King ◽

Rafia A. Khader ◽

Amy Strohmeier ◽

Andrew L. Williams

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Meso Level ◽

Religious Traditions ◽

Country Level ◽

World Regions ◽

Other World ◽

Religiosity And Spirituality

This paper seeks to advance the global study of religiosity and spirituality by conducting a meta-analysis of major approaches in the field. While the field, and thus the collected publications, are dominated by Western approaches, particular attention is paid in this analysis to publications from geographies that are not from the United States or Western Europe, especially these world regions: Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Similarly, while the study of religiosity is considerably centered around Christianity, this analysis extends beyond Christianity, to the extent possible in extant studies, to include publications investigating other world religious traditions, such as African spirituality, African witchcraft, Afro-Caribbean religious traditions, Buddhism, Confucianism, folk religions, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Mormonism, Neo-paganism, New Religious Movements (NRMs), Shamanism, Sikhism, Spiritism, Taoism, and spirituality generally. A total of 530 publications were reviewed, and the studies are categorized by unit of analysis into: Macro, micro, and meso-level. Measurement constructs include religious demography, culture, belonging, behaving, believing, bonding, religious salience, spiritual identities, religious networks, occupations, congregations, denominations, and faith-based organizations. Non-Western sources and approaches are analyzed toward furthering future research in under-studied world regions. Implications are drawn for the field, such as the need to geo-code publications at the country level.

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IMPACT OF THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INDEPENDENCE OF AUDIT FIRMS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CEECS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum - Oeconomia ◽

10.22630/aspe.2020.19.1.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 23-32

Author(s):

Małgorzata Godlewska

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Audit Fees ◽

Informal Institutions ◽

Research Areas ◽

Audit Firms ◽

Formal And Informal Institutions ◽

Financial Audit ◽

The Impact

The central point of this paper is to present the results of comparative meta-analysis concerning the impact of the interplay between formal and informal institutions in the corporate governance and independence of audit firms of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). The paper focuses on the values of the national Financial Audit Law and national auditors’ code of ethics of CEECs, as well as on independence, professional scepticism, non-audit services, audit fees, mandatory audit firm rotation and joint carrying out of statutory financial audit. The main subject of interest concerns two research areas: the character of the relationship between formal and informal institutions, as well as whether the interplay between them is relevant to corporate governance and independence of audit firms of CEECs.

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Integrating the Split/Analyze/Meta-Analyze (SAM) Approach and a Multilevel Framework to Advance Big Data Research in Psychology

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000345 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 226 (4) ◽

pp. 274-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yucheng Eason Zhang ◽

Siqi Liu ◽

Shan Xu ◽

Miles M. Yang ◽

Jian Zhang

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Computer Science ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Future Research ◽

Firm Level ◽

Research Directions ◽

Research Issues ◽

Country Level ◽

Multilevel Research ◽

Future Research Directions

Abstract. Though big data research has undergone dramatic developments in recent decades, it has mainly been applied in disciplines such as computer science and business. Psychology research that applies big data to examine research issues in psychology is largely lacking. One of the major challenges regarding the use of big data in psychology is that many researchers in the field may not have sufficient knowledge of big data analytical techniques that are rooted in computer science. This paper integrates the split/analyze/meta-analyze (SAM) approach and a multilevel framework to illustrate how to use the SAM approach to address multilevel research questions with big data. Specifically, we first introduce the SAM approach and then illustrate how to implement this to integrate two big datasets at the firm level and country level. Finally, we discuss theoretical and practical implications, proposing future research directions for psychology scholars.

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Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship in Social, Sustainable, and Economic Development: Opportunities and Challenges for Future Research

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12218958 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 8958

Author(s):

Sebastian Aparicio ◽

Andreu Turro ◽

Maria Noguera

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Social Change ◽

Informal Institutions ◽

Social Progress ◽

Future Research ◽

Special Issue ◽

Formal And Informal Institutions ◽

Development Institutions ◽

Simultaneous Process

Understanding entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship as engines of outcomes beyond economic terms, this paper introduces the Special Issue “Entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship in social, sustainable, and economic development”. Institutions set the basis to analyze the role societies and organizations play in supporting entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial activity. Thus, we take a broad look at formal and informal institutions as those contextual components that are encompassed in a social progress orientation. Based on this, we discuss and provide examples about how entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship lead social, sustainable, and economic outcomes. Thus, in this paper and this Issue, we argue that it is necessary to consider those (institutional) antecedents and (developmental) consequences of entrepreneurship and its diversity as a simultaneous process. In addition to summarizing the main contributions of those articles contained in this Issue, we highlight some opportunities and challenges to further explore the role of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship not only in economic development but also in social change and sustainability.

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Country of market effect

Innovative Marketing ◽

10.21511/im.12(1).2016.01 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Shenyu Li ◽

Rong Huang ◽

Siva K. Balasubramanian

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Home Country ◽

Emerging Market ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Future Research ◽

Country Level ◽

Level Of Economic Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Country Effect

Purpose: This article proposes and empirically tests the country of market (COMK) effect, which captures the consumer’s responses of home market to a country where the product is marketed. Design/methodology/approach: Study 1 applies a lab experiment about Chinese consumers’ purchase intention for printers marketed either in the US or China. Study 2 applies country level data to examine the impact of economic development of 22 host countries on the performance of 167 multinational retailers in their home country. Findings: Study 1 shows that the printers marketed in US attract a higher level of purchase intention than printers marketed in China. This COMK effect is more salient for printers manufactured in China than those manufactured in US. In addition, innovation and design factors corresponding to the host country’s image fully mediate the COMK effect. Results in Study 2 show that a retailer that markets its services in a host country with a higher (lower) level of economic development is likely to generate higher (lower) level of retailing performance in its home country. Furthermore, it is found that COMK effect is diminished as the level of economic development of a vendor’s home country increases. Research limitations/implications: In addition to the cognitive components of country image (e.g., design and innovation), consumers’ affective components may also influence the COMK effect. Future research could discuss the impact of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity on consumers’ attitude towards the product marketed in other countries. Practical implications: Strategically, marketing products to a country with a favorable image could benefit vendors from an emerging economy. For manufacturers from developed countries, marketing a product within their own countries may enhance the associated innovation and design images while marketing the same product in an emerging market. Originality/value: This article proposes and tests a demand side country effect on consumers’ purchase intention for products marketed in other countries. It is in sharp contrast to the traditional country effect which focuses on the supply side effect (e.g., country of origin, country of manufacture, country of assembly etc.)

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The Intersection of Family Firms and Institutional Contexts: A Review and Agenda for Future Research

Family Business Review ◽

10.1177/0894486517736446 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 32-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sohrab Soleimanof ◽

Matthew W. Rutherford ◽

Justin W. Webb

Keyword(s):

Family Business ◽

Family Firms ◽

Informal Institutions ◽

Research Area ◽

Future Research ◽

Major Research ◽

Research Gaps ◽

Formal And Informal Institutions ◽

Institutional Contexts ◽

Research Stream

Examination of family firms’ interactions with institutional contexts has been a major research stream within family business scholarship. This study reviews three decades of research at the intersection of family firms and institutional contexts. Our review sample includes 124 articles published in 24 top-level journals across several disciplines. We adopt an institutional theory lens to synthesize this literature and explicate main understandings about how family firm behaviors/outcomes are influenced by or may influence formal and informal institutions in their institutional contexts. Moreover, we discuss major research gaps and unproductive biases in this research area and provide directions for future research.

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Meta-analysis in information systems research: method choices and recommendations for future research

Industrial Management & Data Systems ◽

10.1108/imds-08-2020-0495 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Markus Blut

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Problem Formulation ◽

Future Research ◽

Content Type ◽

Systems Research ◽

Information Systems Research ◽

Meta Analyses

PurposeThe use of meta-analysis in information systems (IS) research has increased. Because this research domain has matured and an increasing number of empirical studies have become available, meta-analysis is now perceived as a useful approach to synthesize an increasing body of empirical research. The present paper gives an overview of meta-analytical techniques, the evolution of meta-analysis in IS, the focus of these studies and method choices made by authors.Design/methodology/approachThis overview is based on 100 meta-analysis studies published in IS journals. These meta-analytical studies synthesize data from 6,262 empirical studies, and the meta-analyses were published between 1989 and 2020. The studies were coded with regard to 16 major method choices that IS researchers made when conducting meta-analyses.FindingsThis overview describes the key areas of meta-analysis (e.g. strategy and firm performance) and the journals that publish the meta-analysis. This overview also identifies method issues where meta-analyses have improved in recent years as well as issues that require some attention. Scholars receive guidance about good practices in terms of 16 major method choices related to (1) problem formulation, (2) literature search, (3) coding information, (4) analyzing and integrating effect sizes and (5) interpreting results and reporting findings.Originality/valueAddressing the identified method issues helps authors of future meta-analyses to increase the transparency of reporting and the likelihood of getting published. The substantive findings of a meta-analysis also often depend on researchers' method choices. Similar overviews exist for other disciplines, such as marketing and management.

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