Learning Apart, Living Apart: How the Racial and Ethnic Segregation of Schools and Colleges Perpetuates Residential Segregation

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Rubio Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
National Education ◽  
Education Data

Background Despite a powerful civil rights movement and legislation barring discrimination in housing markets, residential neighborhoods remain racially segregated. Purpose This study examines the extent to which neighborhoods’ racial composition is inherited across generations and the extent to which high schools’ and colleges’ racial composition mediates this relationship. To understand the underlying social processes responsible for racial segregation, I use the spatial assimilation model, the place stratification model, and perpetuation theory. Population Data for this project are from the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS), the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), and the U.S. Census. Research Design A longitudinal design tracks the racial composition of the schools, colleges, and neighborhoods from adolescence through age 26. Findings Holding constant the percent white in teenagers’ neighborhoods, socioeconomic status, and other variables, the percent white that students experience in high school and college has a lasting influence, affecting the percent white in young adult neighborhoods and explaining 31% of intergenerational continuity of neighborhood racial composition. Conclusions The analyses suggest that racial segregation in high schools and colleges reinforces racial segregation in neighborhoods.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
J. Russell Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
The Political ◽  
Biblical Exegesis ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Family ◽  
White Resistance ◽  
White Evangelicals

The introduction outlines the two major arguments of The Bible Told Them So. First, the book argues that many southern white evangelicals who resisted the civil rights movement were animated by a Christian faith influenced by biblical exegesis that deemed racial segregation as divinely ordered. A complete understanding of southern white resistance to civil rights requires wrestling with this unique hermeneutic. Second, The Bible Told Them So argues that segregationist theology did not cease with the political achievements of the civil rights movement. Instead, in the years after 1965, segregationist Christianity evolved and persisted in new forms that would become mainstays of southern white evangelicalism by the 1970s: colorblind individualism and a heightened focus on the family.

REHABILITATING DEMOCRACY: RESTORING CIVIL RIGHTS AND LEADING THE NEXT HUMAN RIGHTS REVOLUTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Martin Luther King ◽  
Christian Congregations

AbstractThis article describes the culture of activist black Christian congregations that propelled campaigns to dismantle legalized racial segregation and advocate for equal justice. Historically, as the imperfections of American democracy were exposed, the most marginal people in the society acted persistently and repeatedly to extend the benefits of democracy to all citizens. The article highlights the distinctive social and intellectual contributions of the secular activist W. E. B. Du Bois and social gospel minister Martin Luther King. The author sees the contemporary discussion and faith-based mobilization around reversing mass incarceration as an outgrowth of the civil rights movement. Finally, the article suggests that leadership for the next global human rights revolution is likely to emerge from students and young leaders who are committed to radically inclusive conceptions of democracy, equality, and social justice.

Washington Needs the Vote

2018 ◽  
pp. 140-170
Author(s):  
Mary-Elizabeth B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Close Proximity

This chapter explores how, during the 1930s, black women waged an early civil rights movement in the nation’s capital. Inspired by the militancy of the Great Depression and influenced by on-going campaigns for safety and economic justice, activists protested racial segregation, lobbied for the passage of a civil rights bill, and pressed for the restoration of voting rights to all eligible residents of Washington, D.C., culminating in a referendum election in 1938. While African Americans waged similar types of movements around the country, activists in Washington, D.C. benefited from their close proximity to the federal government. As memories of the Civil War and Reconstruction surfaced in the 1930s, activists applied the lessons from these eras directly into their political campaigns as they worked to restore the freedoms that their ancestors had once enjoyed in Washington, D.C.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gillespie McRae
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
White Women ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
World War ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Massive Resistance

Massive resistance to the civil rights movement has often been presented as sequestered in the South, limited to the decade between the Brown Decision and the Civil Rights Act, and attributed to the most vehement elected officials and the Citizens’ Councils. But that version ignores the long-standing work of white women who sustained racial segregation and nurtured both massive support for the Jim Crow order in the interwar period and who transformed support into massive resistance after World War II. Support for the segregated state existed among everyday people. Maintaining racial segregation was not solely or even primarily the work of elected officials. Its adherents sustained the system with quotidian work, and on the ground, it was often white women who shaped and sustained white supremacist politics.

Is the Bible Racist?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Laats
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Racial Equality ◽  
Bob Jones University ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
White Evangelicals ◽  
K 12

The civil rights movement helped all Americans reevaluate their ideas about racial equality and justice. On the campuses of evangelical and fundamentalist schools, that debate was fueled by a conflicted history of racism and anti-racism among white evangelicals. A few schools, led by Bob Jones University, insisted that racial segregation was an intrinsic part of true fundamentalist religion. Most other institutions, however, moved in fits and starts toward greater racial egalitarianism. By the 1970s, those debates also included a new and expanding network of evangelical and fundamentalist K-12 schools, schools dependent on colleges and universities for their teachers and textbooks as well as for their guiding philosophies.

scholarly journals Black Entrepreneurship: Contradictions, Class, and Capitalism

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Alisha R. Winn
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Black Business ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Life Insurance Company ◽  
Black Entrepreneurship

This article examines philosophical contradictions faced by black business owners who benefited from racial segregation, yet were often active participants in the civil rights movement. The research provides a critical analysis of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, examining and revealing conflicting ideas of class and color during Jim Crow, as well as the contradictions of gender, the company’s program to “uplift” the community, and hierarchies within the company. This case provides a unique perspective for examining black entrepreneurship, its history, and complexity in the African American community.

scholarly journals Synthetic Longitudinal Education Database: Linking National Datasets for K-16 Education and College Readiness

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-696
Author(s):  
Jaekyung Lee ◽  
Joseph Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
College Readiness ◽  
Kindergarten Students ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
National Education ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Educational Pathways ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Nationally Representative

<p style="text-align: justify;">What are missing in the U.S. education policy of “college for all” are supporting data and indicators on K-16 education pathways, i.e, how well all students get ready and stay on track from kindergarten through college. This study creates synthetic national longitudinal education database that helps track and support students’ educational pathways by combining two nationally-representative U.S. sample datasets: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study- Kindergarten (ECLS-K; Kindergarten through 8th grade) and National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS; 8th grade through age 25). The merge of these national datasets, linked together via statistical matching and imputation techniques, can help bridge the gap between elementary and secondary/postsecondary education data/research silos. Using this synthetic K-16 education longitudinal database, this study applies machine learning data analytics in search of college readiness early indicators among kindergarten students. It shows the utilities and limitations of linking preexisting national datasets to impute education pathways and assess college readiness. It discusses implications for developing more holistic and equitable educational assessment system in support of K-16 education longitudinal database.</p>

scholarly journals Resistance to Marginalization in America as Reflected in Kathryn Stockett's 'The Help'

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Devita Normalisa ◽  
Mohamad Ikhwan Rosyidi
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Black Characters ◽  
The Us

Slavery and racial segregation are two important events that shaped American history. Although slavery had been abolished constitutionally by the Thirteenth Amendment, racial segregation remained existing in some southern states of the US until Civil Rights Movement in 1960s. Racial segregation in the US was regulated by Jim Crow laws which promoted “separate but equal” rules. This situation is reflected in Kathryn Stockett’s novel entitled The Help which mostly portrays the life of black maids under Jim Crow laws in Jackson, Mississippi during 1960s. This study aims to find the resistance to marginalization that is caused by racial discrimination, as well as the factors that underlies the resistance. The method of this study is a qualitative study. The data is analyzed by Gramsci’s hegemony theory and scooped by sociology of literature. Then, the method of data analysis is based on the conflicts of characters in the novel; white and black characters. The Help shows that marginalization of African Americans is created from the opposition that occur because of racial hegemony; the ruling class and the ruled class, the controlling and the controlled, the free ones and the restricted ones, the strong ones and the weak ones, or the voiced ones and the silenced ones. The Help also shows that the resistance to marginalization can be done by producing literature. The resistance of the African Americans happens as a result of oppression and inhumane treatment. It also happens as a result of black people’s consciousness that sees racial discrimination as a system that is full of flaws. Keywords: hegemony, marginalization, racial discrimination, resistance

scholarly journals Never Together: Black and White People in the Postwar Economic Era

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Peter Temin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Black Education ◽  
World War ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Elite

This paper recounts American economic history for 60 years after World War II. The unusual part of this paper is that it focuses on not only the conventional tale, but also recounts what whites did to and for Blacks over this period. It starts from the unhappy experience of a Black American soldier, goes through the prosperity that followed the war and ends with the various changes that happened to the economy after 1970. The Civil Rights Movement is in the middle, and it gave rise to more Black education before racial segregation destroyed their gains. Some Blacks graduated from college and became a Black Elite. Obama’s election showed that the Black Elite could interact with relative equality with educated whites.

Between Kennedy and Khrushchev

The Columnist ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 203-228
Author(s):  
Donald A. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Pulitzer Prize ◽  
World War ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
Nikita Khrushchev ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
1960 Election

During the 1960 election, the “Merry-Go-Round” ’s revelation of a suspicious loan from billionaire Howard Hughes helped to defeat Richard Nixon. Nevertheless, Drew Pearson remained an outsider in John Kennedy’s New Frontier, having accused Kennedy’s Pulitzer Prize–winning book, Profiles in Courage, of having been ghost-written, and painted Joseph P. Kennedy as being sympathetic to Nazi Germany before World War II. Being a generation older than Kennedy, Pearson found himself more comfortable with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and scored a rare interview with him. Khrushchev insisted that he sought peace, which Pearson communicated to Kennedy and to his readers. Consequently, anti-communist groups assailed the column and picketed Pearson. At the same time, Pearson grew more appreciative of the civil rights movement. The column attacked the Ku Klux Klan and encouraged Kennedy to speak out more forcefully against racial segregation and inequality.

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