A Cross-cultural Study of Preschoolers' Attachment: Security and Sensitivity in Japanese and US Dyads

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Mizuta ◽  
Carolyn Zahn-Waxler ◽  
Pamela M. Cole ◽  
Noriko Hiruma
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Us Children ◽  
Maternal Child

Japanese and US 4- and 5-year-old children and their mothers were studied in situations designed to examine attachment-related behaviours, feelings, and representations. Separation and reunion behaviours, conversations about separation, and child-rearing patterns were examined in relation to culture, gender, and internalising symptoms. Japanese and US dyads did not differ in overall levels of security and sensitivity in separation and reunion behaviours, based on a rating system developed by Crowell, Feldman, and Ginsberg, (1988). However, Japanese children showed more amae (desire for bodily closeness) behaviour than US children. Amae was positively correlated with internalising symptoms for US children but not for Japanese children. Cultural differences in dyads' discussions of separation issues and in maternal child-rearing patterns also were identified.

Compliance in Chinese and Canadian toddlers: A cross-cultural study

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyin Chen ◽  
Kenneth H. Rubin ◽  
Mowei Liu ◽  
Huichang Chen ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Child Compliance ◽  
Pr China ◽  
Committed Compliance

Observational data concerning children’s compliance were collected from samples of 2-year-olds in PR China and Canada. Information on child-rearing attitudes was obtained from mothers. It was found that Chinese toddlers had higher scores on voluntary committed compliance than their Canadian counterparts. In contrast, Canadian toddlers had higher scores on externally imposed or situational compliance and overt protest than Chinese toddlers. Girls displayed more committed compliance than boys in both samples. Maternal warmth and induction were positively associated with committed compliance in Chinese toddlers, and maternal induction was positively associated with situational compliance in Canadian toddlers. Maternal punishment orientation was negatively associated with committed compliance and positively associated with situational control in Chinese toddlers, but not in Canadian toddlers. The results might indicate specific cultural “meanings” of different forms of child compliance.

scholarly journals Altruistic or Egocentric, or even Hypocritic? - A Cross-Cultural Study of the Safety Priority Choice of Autonomous Car

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Mizumoto ◽  
Ono, Shigeharu ◽  
Okazaki, Yumi ◽  
Kanetsuna, Keigo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Safety Priority ◽  
Japan And China

How should the autonomous car behave when faced with an unavoidable accident? In particular, in situations where either the driver or the pedestrian will inevitably be killed, whose safety should the autonomous car prioritize? There can be cases in which sacrificing the driver would be the best solution to maximize lives and minimize deaths. And we also need to consider the possibility that the victim could be ourselves. In this cross-cultural study with participants from US, Japan, and China, we investigated the drivers' safety setting preferences and found some interesting cultural differences in such preferences.

scholarly journals Altruistic or Egocentric, or even Hypocritic? - A Cross-Cultural Study of the Safety Priority Choice of Autonomous Car

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Mizumoto ◽  
Ono, Shigeharu ◽  
Okazaki, Yumi ◽  
Kanetsuna, Keigo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Safety Priority ◽  
Japan And China

How should the autonomous car behave when faced with an unavoidable accident? In particular, in situations where either the driver or the pedestrian will inevitably be killed, whose safety should the autonomous car prioritize? There can be cases in which sacrificing the driver would be the best solution to maximize lives and minimize deaths. And we also need to consider the possibility that the victim could be ourselves. In this cross-cultural study with participants from US, Japan, and China, we investigated the drivers' safety setting preferences and found some interesting cultural differences in such preferences.

scholarly journals Perception of facial emotional expressions by representatives of Asian and European cultural groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.G. Khoze ◽  
O.A. Korolkova ◽  
N.Yu. Zhizhnikova ◽  
M.V. Zubareva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Study

The article presents the results of a cross-cultural study of the perception of basic emotional expressions by representatives of Asian and European cultural groups and compares them with the results obtained earlier on Russian sample. Emotional expressions from VEPEL database (Kurakova, 2012) were used as stimuli. We revealed invariant perception within a cultural group and cross-cultural differences in perception of the basic emotions of fear, disgust and anger between Asian and Russian cultural groups; in perception of surprise, fear, disgust and anger between European and Russian cultural groups; and in perception of fear, sadness, disgust and anger between European and Asian cultural groups.

Self-Concept: A Cross-Cultural Study

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Weinland ◽  
Robert K. Gable ◽  
Ole Varming
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
American Students

Self-concept differences between 190 American and 98 Danish 5th and 6th grade suburban students were examined in light of known societal and educational differences. Danish males and American females reported significantly higher self-confidence in personal attributes; American students reported higher achieving in school scores than Danish students. Results are discussed in the context of cultural differences; further areas of investigation are offered.

Attachment in Surinam-Dutch Families: A Contribution to the Cross-Cultural Study of Attachment

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinus H. van Ijzendoorn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
South America ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Maternal Responsiveness ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Cross Cultural Study

A study on attachment in indigenous Dutch families and in families who came to the Netherlands from Surinam-a former Dutch colony in South America is described. Sixty-five mothers and their infants participated, including 26 mothers who had immigrated from Surinam. Attachment behaviours and maternal responsiveness were recorded in the Strange Situation and in free play. The Infant Characteristics Questionnaire, and a questionnaire on child-rearing attitudes were completed. In the Surinam-Dutch group, maternal responsiveness was related to quality of attachment, although the Surinam-Dutch mothers scored significantly lower on the responsiveness scale than the Dutch mothers. The attachment classification distribution of the Surinam-Dutch dyads did not significantly differ from Dutch or global distributions. However, Surinam-Dutch mothers appeared to be more anxious about child-rearing than Dutch mothers. Surinam-Dutch mothers who had recently arrived in Holland tended to show less responsiveness, and were more anxious about child-rearing than Surinam-Dutch mothers who had immigrated several years ago. These data may reflect strains that arise from the transition from one culture to another.

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