A cross-cultural study of child rearing and romantic love.

Observational data concerning children’s compliance were collected from samples of 2-year-olds in PR China and Canada. Information on child-rearing attitudes was obtained from mothers. It was found that Chinese toddlers had higher scores on voluntary committed compliance than their Canadian counterparts. In contrast, Canadian toddlers had higher scores on externally imposed or situational compliance and overt protest than Chinese toddlers. Girls displayed more committed compliance than boys in both samples. Maternal warmth and induction were positively associated with committed compliance in Chinese toddlers, and maternal induction was positively associated with situational compliance in Canadian toddlers. Maternal punishment orientation was negatively associated with committed compliance and positively associated with situational control in Chinese toddlers, but not in Canadian toddlers. The results might indicate specific cultural “meanings” of different forms of child compliance.

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Attachment in Surinam-Dutch Families: A Contribution to the Cross-Cultural Study of Attachment

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/016502549001300306 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 333-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Marinus H. van Ijzendoorn

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

South America ◽

Cultural Study ◽

Free Play ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Maternal Responsiveness ◽

Strange Situation ◽

Cross Cultural Study

A study on attachment in indigenous Dutch families and in families who came to the Netherlands from Surinam-a former Dutch colony in South America is described. Sixty-five mothers and their infants participated, including 26 mothers who had immigrated from Surinam. Attachment behaviours and maternal responsiveness were recorded in the Strange Situation and in free play. The Infant Characteristics Questionnaire, and a questionnaire on child-rearing attitudes were completed. In the Surinam-Dutch group, maternal responsiveness was related to quality of attachment, although the Surinam-Dutch mothers scored significantly lower on the responsiveness scale than the Dutch mothers. The attachment classification distribution of the Surinam-Dutch dyads did not significantly differ from Dutch or global distributions. However, Surinam-Dutch mothers appeared to be more anxious about child-rearing than Dutch mothers. Surinam-Dutch mothers who had recently arrived in Holland tended to show less responsiveness, and were more anxious about child-rearing than Surinam-Dutch mothers who had immigrated several years ago. These data may reflect strains that arise from the transition from one culture to another.

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Child-rearing attitudes and behavioral inhibition in Chinese and Canadian toddlers: A cross-cultural study.

Developmental Psychology ◽

10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.677 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 677-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 258

Author(s):

Xinyin Chen ◽

Paul D. Hastings ◽

Kenneth H. Rubin ◽

Huichang Chen ◽

Guozhen Cen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cultural Study ◽

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Cross Cultural Study

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Six Cultures: Studies of Child Rearing. Beatrice B. WhitingField Manual for the Cross-Cultural Study of Child Rearing. John W. M. WhitingField Guide for a Study of Socialization in Five Societies. John W. M. Whiting

Comparative Education Review ◽

10.1086/445115 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 111-112

Author(s):

Douglas G. Haring

Keyword(s):

Cultural Study ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

The Cross

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A Cross-cultural Study of Preschoolers' Attachment: Security and Sensitivity in Japanese and US Dyads

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/016502549601900111 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 141-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ichiro Mizuta ◽

Carolyn Zahn-Waxler ◽

Pamela M. Cole ◽

Noriko Hiruma

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Cultural Study ◽

Attachment Security ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Rating System ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Japanese Children ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

Us Children ◽

Maternal Child

Japanese and US 4- and 5-year-old children and their mothers were studied in situations designed to examine attachment-related behaviours, feelings, and representations. Separation and reunion behaviours, conversations about separation, and child-rearing patterns were examined in relation to culture, gender, and internalising symptoms. Japanese and US dyads did not differ in overall levels of security and sensitivity in separation and reunion behaviours, based on a rating system developed by Crowell, Feldman, and Ginsberg, (1988). However, Japanese children showed more amae (desire for bodily closeness) behaviour than US children. Amae was positively correlated with internalising symptoms for US children but not for Japanese children. Cultural differences in dyads' discussions of separation issues and in maternal child-rearing patterns also were identified.

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