Subcutaneous Fat Tissue Thickness of the Anterior Neck and Umbilicus in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to dysregulated metabolic states, and treatment of sleep apnea may improve these conditions. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a readily samplable fat depot that plays an important role in regulating metabolism. However, neither the pathophysiologic consequences of OSA nor the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in altering this compartment’s molecular pathways are understood. This study aimed to systematically identify subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptional programs modulated in OSA and in response to its effective treatment with CPAP. Two subject groups were investigated: Study Group 1 was comprised of 10 OSA and 8 controls; Study Group 2 included 24 individuals with OSA studied at baseline and following CPAP. For each subject, genome-wide gene expression measurement of subcutaneous fat was performed. Differentially activated pathways elicited by OSA (Group 1) and in response to its treatment (Group 2) were determined using network and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). In Group 2, treatment of OSA with CPAP improved apnea-hypopnea index, daytime sleepiness, and blood pressure, but not anthropometric measures. In Group 1, GSEA revealed many up-regulated gene sets in OSA subjects, most of which were involved in immuno-inflammatory (e.g. interferon-γ signaling), transcription, and metabolic processes such as adipogenesis. Unexpectedly, CPAP therapy in Group 2 subjects was also associated with up-regulation of several immune pathways as well as cholesterol biosynthesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that OSA alters distinct inflammatory and metabolic programs in subcutaneous fat, but these transcriptional signatures are not reversed with short-term effective therapy.

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The Relationship Between Abdominal Subcutan Fat Tissue Thickness and HbA1c in Pregnant Women

Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.21613/gorm.2019.970 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Aslihan Dilara Demir ◽

Pervin Karli ◽

Durmus Ayan

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Endocrine Organs ◽

The Relationship ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

Objective: Obesity is a very common and important health problem and it has become widespread all over the world. Fat tissue is one of the major endocrine organs. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with many diseases such as coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, impaired lipid profile. Pregnancy is a special condition with metabolic changes involving all systems. We aimed to investigate the relationship and correlation between abdominal fat and HbA1c because of the specific metabolic conditions in pregnancy.Study Design: This is a retrospective study. Ninety-nine (n=99) pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 40 were included in the present study. They have not any other chronic diseases. Ultrasonography was performed between 16.-28. weeks. Abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue was measured during 16-28 weeks of pregnancy. Routine biochemical parameters and HbA1c were evaluated.Results: Subcutaneous fat tissue had a positive correlation with metabolic parameters such as weight and BMI, and a negative correlation with vitamin D level. There is a positive strong correlation with HbA1c level. There was not any correlation between HbA1c and metabolic parameters like triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and cholesterol.Conclusion: There was a strong positive correlation between abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and HbA1c. However, we didn’t find any correlation between infant weight and metabolic parameters.

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The Effect of Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Tissue Thickness in Pelvic Trauma

Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.5505/kjms.2018.60243 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

Yeliz Aktürk ◽

Serra Özbal Güneş

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Pelvic Trauma ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

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Effect of obstructive sleep apnea and CPAP therapy on skeletal muscle lipid content in obese and non-obese male subjects

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab082 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander M Koenig ◽

Ulrich Koehler ◽

Olaf Hildebrandt ◽

Hans Schwarzbach ◽

Lena Hannemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽

Cpap Therapy ◽

Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), independently of obesity (OBS), predisposes to insulin resistance (IR) for largely unknown reasons. Since OSA-related intermittent hypoxia triggers lipolysis, overnight increases in circulating free fatty acid (FFA) including palmitic acid (PA) may lead to ectopic intramuscular lipid accumulation potentially contributing to IR. Using 3-T-1H-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy, we therefore compared intra- and extra-myocellular lipid (IMCL and EMCL) in vastus lateralis muscle at ~7:00 a.m. between 26 male patients with moderate-to-severe OSA (17 obese, 9 non-obese) and 23 healthy male controls (12 obese, 11 non-obese). Fiber type composition was evaluated by muscle biopsies. Moreover, we measured fasted FFA including PA, HbA1c, thigh subcutaneous fat volume (ScFAT, 1.5-T-magnetic-resonance-tomograpphy) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). 14 patients were reassessed after continuous-positive-airway-pressure (CPAP) therapy. Total FFA and PA were significantly by 178% and 166% higher in OSA patients vs. controls and correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (r≥0.45, P<0.01). Moreover, IMCL and EMCL were 55% (P<0.05) and 40% (P<0.05) higher in OSA patients, i.e. 114% and 103% in non-obese, 24.4% and 8.4% in obese subjects (with higher control levels). Overall, PA, FFA (minus PA) and ScFAT significantly contributed to IMCL (multiple r=0.568, P=0.002). CPAP significantly decreased EMCL (-26%) and, by trend only, IMCL, total FFA and PA. Muscle fiber composition was unaffected by OSA or CPAP. Increases in IMCL and EMCL are detectable at ~7:00 a.m. in OSA patients and partly attributable to overnight FFA excesses and high ScFAT or BMI. CPAP decreases FFAs and IMCL by trend but significantly reduces EMCL.

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Upper Airway Fat Tissue Distribution in Subjects With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Its Effect on Retropalatal Mechanical Loads

Respiratory Care ◽

10.4187/respcare.00929 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 1098-1105 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Yanru Li ◽

Na Lin ◽

Jingying Ye ◽

Qinglin Chang ◽

Demin Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Tissue Distribution ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Mechanical Loads ◽

Obstructive Sleep

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Subcutaneous fat tissue thickness measurement based on ultrasound

2009 IEEE Intrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference ◽

10.1109/imtc.2009.5168460 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carlos M. P. Cursino ◽

Rodrigo R. A. Galvao ◽

Raimundo C. S. Freire ◽

Joao B. A. Silva ◽

Enilson J. L. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Thickness Measurement ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

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Decreased serum betatrophin may correlate with the improvement of obstructive sleep apnea after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81379-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhiyuan Song ◽

Kaifeng Guo ◽

Weijun Huang ◽

Huajun Xu ◽

Yupu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Obstructive Sleep

AbstractObesity is strongly correlated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and bariatric surgery can effectively treat obesity and alleviate OSA. However, the contributing factors are still unclear. We aimed to explore the relationship between betatrophin and OSA in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Our study consisted of thirty-seven individuals with OSA and type 2 diabetes (16 males, 21 females) undergoing RYGB surgery. The polysomnography test, anthropometric results, serum betatrophin, and abdominal magnetic resonance images were evaluated both before and 1 year after RYGB surgery. Factors that may correlate with the alleviation of OSA were investigated. In our study, RYGB surgery significantly decreased apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and serum betatrophin concentration (p < 0.001). The abdominal visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area and HOMA-IR were also significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The preoperative AHI, postoperative AHI and the change in AHI were significantly correlated with the preoperative betatrophin, postoperative betatrophin and the change in betatrophin, respectively (p < 0.05). These correlations were still significant after adjustment for other risk factors. The change in betatrophin was also independently associated with the change in minimum oxygen saturation (p < 0.001). Our data might indicate that serum betatrophin was significantly independently correlated with the improvement of OSA after bariatric surgery.

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Primary Aldosteronism and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Casual Association or Pathophysiological Link?

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1133-7255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (06) ◽

pp. 366-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alessio Pecori ◽

Fabrizio Buffolo ◽

Jacopo Pieroni ◽

Vittorio Forestiero ◽

Elisa Sconfienza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Primary Aldosteronism ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Fluid Overload ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Secretory Products

AbstractThe coexistence of aldosterone oversecretion and obstructive sleep apnea is frequently observed, especially in patients with resistant hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Since aldosterone excess and sleep apnea are both independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, to investigate whether their coexistence might be attributed to common predisposing conditions, such as metabolic disorders, or to an actual pathophysiological interconnection appears of great importance. Fluid overload and metabolic abnormalities relating to aldosterone oversecretion may be implicated in obstructive sleep apnea development. Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia may in turn exacerbate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, thus leading to hyperaldosteronism. Furthermore, fat tissue excess and adipocyte secretory products might predispose to both sleep apnea and aldosterone oversecretion in subjects with obesity. Consistent with these evidences, obstructive sleep apnea frequently affects patients with primary aldosteronism. Conversely, whether primary aldosteronism is more prevalent in individuals affected by obstructive sleep apnea compared to the general population remains controversial.

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