Further Research Needed to Understand Relationship Between Tubarial Glands and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110042
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Wu ◽  
Renata M. Knoll ◽  
Divya A. Chari ◽  
Aaron K. Remenschneider ◽  
William C. Faquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Tube Dysfunction

The pathophysiology of eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) remains poorly characterized, and it may result in significant patient morbidity. A recent study has identified a collection of previously unidentified salivary glands in the nasopharynx that overlay the torus tubarius. While salivary gland tissue has been described in the nasopharynx, the newly discovered salivary gland tissue has been denoted tubarial glands (TGs) and theorized to be a distinct organ. The TGs have been suggested to aid in lubrication of the oropharynx and nasopharynx. However, the exact clinical significance of TGs is unknown. Given the proximity of the TG to the eustachian tube, it is possible that the TGs may be related to the development of ETD. Future studies of the TGs and related pathophysiology may improve approaches to developing future ETD treatments.

scholarly journals Epigenetically quantified immune cells in salivary glands of Sjögren’s syndrome patients: a novel tool that detects robust correlations of T follicular helper cells with immunopathology

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie L M Blokland ◽  
Fréderique M van Vliet-Moret ◽  
Maarten R Hillen ◽  
Aridaman Pandit ◽  
Roel Goldschmeding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Tfh Cells ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue

Abstract Objective To investigate whether epigenetic cell counting represents a novel method to quantify immune cells in salivary glands of patients with different forms of Sjögren’s and sicca syndrome and to capture immunopathology and potentially aid in diagnosis. Methods DNA from frozen salivary gland tissue sections of sicca patients was used for bisulphite conversion of demethylated DNA cytosine residues, followed by cell-specific quantitative PCR to calculate cell percentages in relation to total tissue cell numbers as quantified by housekeeping gene demethylation. The percentages of epigenetically quantified cells were correlated to RNA expression of matched salivary gland tissue and histological and clinical parameters. Results The percentages of epigenetically quantified CD3, CD4, CD8, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and B cells were significantly increased in the salivary glands of patients with SS. Unsupervised clustering using these percentages identified patient subsets with an increased lymphocytic focus score and local B cell hyperactivity and classifies patients different from conventional classification criteria. In particular, Tfh cells were shown to strongly correlate with the expression of CXCL13, lymphocytic focus scores, local B cell hyperactivity and anti-SSA positivity. Conclusion Epigenetic cell counting is a promising novel tool to objectively and easily quantify immune cells in the labial salivary gland of sicca patients, with a relatively small amount of tissue needed. In view of the potential of this technique to include a huge number of (cell-specific) biomarkers, this opens up new standardized ways of salivary gland analysis with high relevance for patient classification, understanding of immunopathology and monitoring of drug responses in clinical trials.

scholarly journals USE OF 29A MICRO-RNA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMAS OF SALIVARY GLANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
I. S. Brodetskyi ◽  
V.A. Malanchuk ◽  
V. E Dosenko
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenomas ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Benign Tumours

Introduction. Pleomorphic adenoma is known as the most common tumour in salivary glands that makes up 60-90% of all benign tumours of the salivary glands. The modern genetic tendency towards the diagnosis of salivary gland tumours is the study of the role of microRNA molecules, and miRNA-29a in the focus of the great researchers’ interest. It is expressed in 84 % of the pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. Objectives. Determination of expression of miRNA-29a in tissues of pleomorphic adenomas of the large salivary glands that adjacent to the tumour of the tissue of the salivary gland, intact tissue of the salivary gland, was out of touch with the tumour and venous blood.  Materials and methods. The study included 20 patients with benign tumours of the large salivary glands (pleomorphic adenomas). The expression of miRNA-29a was evaluated by using reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in real time. Results. The analysis of the level of miRNA-29a expression revealed that among 4 groups of indicators (tumour tissue, tissues adjacent to the tumour salivary gland tissue, intact salivary gland, which was out of touch with the tumour and venous blood) in patients with pleomorphic adenoma of the large salivary gland, the highest expression was noted in the group, where salivary gland tissue was adjacent to the salivary gland tumour (111, 93±56, 97 versus 8,12±4,4). Correlation analysis of patients with pleomorphic adenoma of the large salivary glands with different fragments of tissues samples demonstrated that the expression level of miRNA-29a differed significantly between the groups (adjacent gland - intact salivary tissue). Conclusions. A sufficiently high level of miRNA-29a expression in the tissues of pleomorphic adenoma in the large salivary glands compared with the normal (intact salivary gland tissue), 10 times as much can be used as a genetic marker for verification (identification) of this type of tumours. Studies of biopsy material from patients with pleomorphic adenoma in the large salivary glands at the genetic level (by expression of miRNAs-29a) confirm the need not only in enucleating of the tumour (partial parotidectomy), but also in performing of subtotal resection with removal of salivary gland adjacent to the tumour.

scholarly journals Application of microRNA-34a for diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas of salivary glands

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
I. S. Brodetskyi ◽  
V. O. Malanchuk ◽  
V. E. Dosenko
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Intact Tissue ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenomas ◽  
Gland Tissue

Objective. Determination of expression of microRNA-34a in tissues of pleomorphic adenomas of large salivary glands, adjacent to tumor salivary gland tissue, intact tissue of a salivary gland, which was not connected with the tumor, and in a venous blood as well. Materials and methods. The investigation was conducted in 20 patients, suffering benign tumors of large salivary glands (pleomorphic adenomas). Expression  was estimated, using adverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in regime of a real time. Results. Analysis of the expression level for microRNA-34a was conducted in the tumoral tissue, adjacent to the tumor salivary gland tissue, and in intact tissue of salivary gland, which lacked a link with the tumor, the venous blood in patients, suffering pleomorphic adenomas of large salivary glands, and there was revealed, that it have appeared the highest in the salivary gland adjacent to the tumor - (1052.02 ± 367.20, comparing with the same index in the intact gland - 47.72 ± 28.93). Conclusion. Level of expression of microRNA-34a in the tissues of pleomorphic adenomas of salivary glands, which is in 11 times higher, than in norm (in intact tissue of salivary gland), may be applied as a genetic marker for verification of these tumors.

scholarly journals Sialolipoma of the Floor of the Mouth with Immunohistological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Zahrani ◽  
Ahmed Qannam ◽  
Ra’ed Al Sadhan ◽  
Ibrahim O. Bello
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Major Salivary Glands ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Immunohistological Analysis

Lipomas are relatively rare in the head and neck, and sialolipoma was described as an entity about 20 years ago as lipoma that entraps salivary gland tissue. Less than 10 cases have been described in the floor of the mouth not related to the major salivary glands. Here, we report a case of sialolipoma affecting the floor of the mouth in a 47-year-old patient and reviewed the clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesion.

Proof of concept study using a modified Politzer inflation device as a rescue modality for treating Eustachian tube dysfunction during hyperbaric oxygen treatment in a multiplace (Class A) chamber

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Owen J. O’Neill ◽  
Elizabeth Smykowski ◽  
Jo Ann Marker ◽  
Lubiha Perez ◽  
drah Gurash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hyperbaric Treatment ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Tube Dysfunction

Introduction: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear barotrauma (MEB) are the most common adverse effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatments. Patients practice equalization maneuvers to prevent ETD and MEB prior to hyperbaric exposure. Some patients are still unable to equalize middle ear pressure. This ETD results in undesirable consequences, including barotrauma, treatment with medications or surgical myringotomy with tube placement and interruption of HBO2. When additional medications and myringotomy are employed, they are associated with additional complications. Methods: A device known as the Ear Popper® has been reported to reduce complications from serous otitis media and reduce the need for surgical interventions (myringotomy). Patients unable to equalize middle ear pressure during initial compression in the hyperbaric chamber were allowed to use the device for rescue. All hyperbaric treatments were compressed using a United States Navy TT9, or a 45-fsw hyperbaric treatment schedule. Patients with persistent ETD and the inability to equalize middle ear pressure were given the Ear Popper upon consideration of terminating their treatment. Results: The Ear Popper allowed all patients to successfully equalize middle ear pressure and complete their treatments. Conclusion: This study substantiates the use of this device to assist in allowing pressurization of the middle ear space in patients otherwise unable to achieve equalization of middle ear pressure during HBO2 treatment in a multiplace chamber.

scholarly journals Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Children With Adenoid Hypertrophy: The Role of Adenoidectomy for Improving Ear Ventilation

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132198945
Author(s):  
Alessandra Manno ◽  
Giannicola Iannella ◽  
Vincenzo Savastano ◽  
Tommaso Vittori ◽  
Serena Bertin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Adenoid Hypertrophy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Middle Ear Ventilation ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: To our knowledge, few papers have addressed preoperative evaluation of the impact of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) on the pathogenesis of eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in children with otitis media with effusion (OME). Aim: The aim of this study was 2-fold: first, to evaluate ETD using tubomanometry and Eustachian Tube Score 7 (ETS-7), in a group of children having AH; second, to assess the clinical impact of adenoidectomy on the ETD of these patients. Methods: Fifty patients, aged 4 to 15 years, underwent adenoidectomy based on various parameters: size of the adenoids causing canal obstruction (grades 1-4), the presence of OME, and recurrent episodes of rhinosinusitis. The function of the eustachian tube was evaluated using ETS-7 before and after surgical treatment. The patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: Forty children presented ETD. Of these, 36 had a grade 4 AH. The preoperative mean value for ETS-7 was 6.62. The mean postoperative ETS-7 score showed a value of 9.60 with a statistical difference compared to the preoperative value ( P = .0015). Conclusions: Adenoid hypertrophy has a high impact on the frequency of ETD. In the patients observed in the present study, the ETS-7 score appeared to be a valid tool for assessing ETD both preoperatively and postoperatively. Adenoidectomy seemed to be effective in improving ETD as well as middle ear ventilation.

scholarly journals Effect of head and neck radiotherapy on the Eustachian tube functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdullah Hamd ◽  
Essam Abd El-Wanes Behiry ◽  
Adel Tharwat Atallah ◽  
Sherif Maher Elaini ◽  
Ahmed Hamdy Alshafai
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Head And Neck Tumors ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Neck Tumors ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Ear Effusion

Abstract Background Nowadays, radiotherapy is widely used in management of many types of tumors including head and neck tumors; in this study, we concerned with its reverse effects on the Eustachian tube functions and if this effect is temporary or permanent. Results The whole (30) patients have tympanogram at both ears before starting radiotherapy; all patients (100%) were normal. In the immediate post radiotherapy tympanogram at the contralateral side, 6.7% of patients had effusion, and 20% had Eustachian tube dysfunction, while at the ipsilateral side, 20% of patients had effusion, and 33.3% had ET dysfunction. In the follow-up tympanogram 12 weeks post radiotherapy, we found that 6.7% of patients had effusion, and (10%) had Eustachian tube dysfunction at the contralateral side, while 6.7% of patients had effusion, and only 20% had Eustachian tube dysfunction at the ipsilateral side. Conclusion From this study, we concluded that patients with head and neck tumors treated by radiotherapy (apart from the nasopharynx) have a high incidence of affection of Eustachian tube function namely middle ear effusion and Eustachian tube dysfunction. The possibility for development of middle ear effusion and Eustachian tube dysfunction increases with increased tumor stage. Eustachian tube functions immediately post radiotherapy and after 12 weeks of the end of radiotherapy was affected by different effects according to the tumor site. The Eustachian tube functions significantly improved within 12 weeks after the last dose of radiotherapy, and we recommend audiological follow-up for patients with head and neck tumors treated with radiotherapy.

Relationship between Eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media with effusion in radiotherapy patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Akazawa ◽  
H Doi ◽  
S Ohta ◽  
T Terada ◽  
M Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Volume ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Higher Doses

AbstractObjective:This study evaluated the relationship between radiation and Eustachian tube dysfunction, and examined the radiation dose required to induce otitis media with effusion.Methods:The function of 36 Eustachian tubes in 18 patients with head and neck cancer were examined sonotubometrically before, during, and 1, 2 and 3 months after, intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Patients with an increase of 5 dB or less in sound pressure level (dB) during swallowing were categorised as being in the dysfunction group. Additionally, radiation dose distributions were assessed in all Eustachian tubes using three dose–volume histogram parameters.Results:Twenty-two of 25 normally functioning Eustachian tubes before radiotherapy (88.0 per cent) shifted to the dysfunction group after therapy. All ears that developed otitis media with effusion belonged to the dysfunction group. The radiation dose threshold evaluation revealed that ears with otitis media with effusion received significantly higher doses to the Eustachian tubes.Conclusion:The results indicate a relationship between radiation dose and Eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media with effusion.

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