Microbial biofilms and wound healing: an ecological hypothesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastiaan P Krom ◽  
Jacques Oskam
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Immunological Function ◽  
Microbial Biofilm ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Recent Advances

Man has lived together with microbes for so long that we have become completely dependent on their presence. Most microbes reside in biofilms; structured communities encased in a protective matrix of biopolymers. Under healthy conditions, the microbial biofilm is in balance with itself (endo-balance) and with the host (exo-balance). Integrity of the skin is an important immunological function. Wounds go through a well-orchestrated series of healing steps. However, if for some reason healing times are extended, serious problems related to infection and homeostasis can develop. Based on recent advances in biofilm research and microbiological identification we discuss two hypotheses describing the role of microbial biofilms in chronic wound biology. The first hypothesis describes microbial biofilms as the cause of extended healing times. The second hypothesis is based on the host as cause of extended healing times and basically treats microbial biofilms as a logical consequence of failure to re-build the integrity of the skin.

scholarly journals Role of whole bone marrow, whole bone marrow cultured cells, and mesenchymal stem cells in chronic wound healing

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rodriguez-Menocal ◽  
Shahjahan Shareef ◽  
Marcela Salgado ◽  
Arsalan Shabbir ◽  
Evangelos Van Badiavas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Cultured Cells

scholarly journals Role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in acute and chronic wound healing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Sudesh Kumar ◽  
EchalasaraGovindarama Padmanabha Udupa ◽  
Udaya Kumar ◽  
Pragna Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Angiogenic Factors

Understanding the Potential Role and Delivery Approaches of Nitric Oxide in the Chronic Wound Healing Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimansa Kandhwal ◽  
Tapan Behl ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Arora
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pharmacological Mechanism ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Chronic Ulcers

: Nitric oxide (NO) is a promising pharmaceutical component that has vasodilator, antibacterial and wound healing activity. Chronic ulcers are non-healing disorders that are generally associated with distortion of lower limbs. Among the severe consequence’s derivative of these diseases, are the problems of chronic wound progression. NO which is categorized as smallest gaseous neurotransmitter has beneficial effects in different phases of chronic inflammation. Defensive mechanism of NO is found useful in several severe conditions such as gestational healing, gastrointestinal healing and diabetic healing. The current review presents up to date collection of literature about role of NO in chronic ulcers due to the prevalence of diabetes, DPN, and diabetic foot ulcers, and because of the lack of available effective treatments to directly address the pathology contributing to these conditions, novel treatments are being sought. This review also collects the information about deficiency of NO synthase in diabetic patients leads to a lack of vascularization of the peripheral nerves, which causes diabetic neuropathy; and this could be treated with vasodilators such as nitric oxide. Apart from pharmacological mechanism of NO, the article also reviewed and analyzed to elucidate the potential of a transdermal delivery of NO for the treatment of chronic ulcers.

Challenges with Wound Infection Models in Drug Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1301-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Shukla ◽  
Ajay K. Sharma ◽  
Vanya Gupta ◽  
Aman Kalonia ◽  
Priyanka Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Infection Models

: Wound research is an evolving science trying to unfold the complex untold mechanisms behind the wound healing cascade. In particular, interest is growing regarding the role of microorganisms in both acute and chronic wound healing. Microbial burden plays an important role in the persistence of chronic wounds, ultimately resulting in delayed wound healing. It is therefore important for clinicians to understand the evolution of infection science and its various etiologies. Therefore, to understand the role of bacterial biofilm in chronic wound pathogenesis, various in vitro and in vivo models are required to investigate biofilms in wound-like settings. Infection models should be refined comprising an important signet of biofilms. These models are eminent for translational research to obtain data for designing an improved wound care formulation. However, all the existing models possess limitations and do not fit properly in the model frame for developing wound care agents. Among various impediments, one of the major drawbacks of such models is that the wound they possess does not mimic the wound a human develops. Therefore, a novel wound infection model is required which can imitate the human wounds. : This review article mainly discusses various in vitro and in vivo models showing microbial colonization, their advantages and challenges. Apart from these models, there are also present ex vivo wound infection models, but this review mainly focused on various in vitro and in vivo models available for studying wound infection in controlled conditions. This information might be useful in designing an ideal wound infection model for developing an effective wound healing formulation.

scholarly journals Microbial biofilm in human health - an updated theoretical and practical insight

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Monica Licker ◽  
Roxana Moldovan ◽  
Elena Hogea ◽  
Delia Muntean ◽  
Florin Horhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Microbial Biofilm ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
And Control

Abstract The term biofilm designates an aggregate of microorganisms belonging to one or more species which adhere to various surfaces but also to each another. These microbial communities are included and interconnected within an organic structure known as slime, composed of protein substances, polysaccharides, and DNA. The Center for Disease prevention and control considers infections with bacteria in biofilms among the 7 most important challenges which must be overcome in order to improve the safety of health services. The risk of microbial biofilm development exists for a long list of medical devices and equipment, as well as in certain diseases such as cystic fibrosis. An aggravating aspect is represented by the almost 1,000 times higher antimicrobial resistance of bacteria growing and multiplying within biofilms. Thus, in case of biofilm-infected medical devices, the resistance to antimicrobial treatments requires the removal of the device which essentially means the failure of the exploratory or therapeutic intervention in question. The role of microbial biofilms in medical pathology is a subject that raises interest for both researchers and clinicians in order to establish new methods for prevention and treatment of biofilms. This paper is intended as an overview in the management of microbial biofilms, presenting future insights, with technological progress in microscopy, molecular genetics, and genome analysis. Therefore the present paper will focus on describing the mechanisms involved in biofilm development, biofilm related infections, methods of detection and quantification of microbial communities and therapeutical approaches.

scholarly journals The Role of Macrophages in Acute and Chronic Wound Healing and Interventions to Promote Pro-wound Healing Phenotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Krzyszczyk ◽  
Rene Schloss ◽  
Andre Palmer ◽  
François Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chronic Wound

scholarly journals Immunology of Acute and Chronic Wound Healing

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Kamila Raziyeva ◽  
Yevgeniy Kim ◽  
Zharylkasyn Zharkinbekov ◽  
Kuat Kassymbek ◽  
Shiro Jimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Persistent Inflammation

Skin wounds greatly affect the global healthcare system, creating a substantial burden on the economy and society. Moreover, the situation is exacerbated by low healing rates, which in fact are overestimated in reports. Cutaneous wounds are generally classified into acute and chronic. The immune response plays an important role during acute wound healing. The activation of immune cells and factors initiate the inflammatory process, facilitate wound cleansing and promote subsequent tissue healing. However, dysregulation of the immune system during the wound healing process leads to persistent inflammation and delayed healing, which ultimately result in chronic wounds. The microenvironment of a chronic wound is characterized by high quantities of pro-inflammatory macrophages, overexpression of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β, increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases and abundance of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, chronic wounds are frequently complicated by bacterial biofilms, which perpetuate the inflammatory phase. Continuous inflammation and microbial biofilms make it very difficult for the chronic wounds to heal. In this review, we discuss the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic wounds. Furthermore, we review the latest immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies, including modifying macrophage phenotype, regulating miRNA expression and targeting pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to improve wound healing.

Anti‐inflammatory effects of haptoglobin on LPS ‐stimulated macrophages: Role of HMGB1 signaling and implications in chronic wound healing

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-505
Author(s):  
Paulina Krzyszczyk ◽  
Hwan June Kang ◽  
Suneel Kumar ◽  
Yixin Meng ◽  
Maurice D. O'Reggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Anti Inflammatory
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